1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The number of overdue bills of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises increased rapidly and then fluctuated after the introduction of the "package debt - resolution plan", and has been generally stable since November 2024. District - county - level entities among overdue enterprises account for a high proportion and are concentrated in Shandong, Henan, and Guizhou. The regions with concentrated overdue bills have weak regional fiscal self - sufficiency, heavy local government debt burdens, and large broad - based debt repayment pressures. In addition, restrictions on new bond financing and changes in financial indicators of urban investment enterprises in recent years are also reasons for bill overdue. The median net financing of urban investment enterprises that first had bill overdue from January to August 2025 increased in the year before the bill overdue, possibly related to the "targeted support" of local governments and financial institutions under the "package debt - resolution plan". Bill overdue has a negative impact on enterprise credit, financing ability, and the regional financial market. Urban investment enterprises should pay attention to policy impacts, improve liquidity management, and enhance their self - hematopoietic ability [2]. - Bills are an early warning signal of enterprise credit risk, reflecting the lack of enterprise liquidity to some extent and being a leading indicator of enterprise bond default risk. This report tracks, observes, and analyzes the performance, causes, and impacts of bill overdue of urban investment enterprises under the background of the "package debt - resolution plan" and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions [4]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Overview of Bill Overdue of Urban Investment Enterprises - From November 2021 to August 2025, the number of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises on the list of continuous bill overdue increased fluctuantly. The credit quality of these enterprises is generally average, with AA - rated enterprises accounting for nearly 70%. District - county - level entities among overdue enterprises account for a high proportion. There are 19 provinces involved in bill overdue risks, with more enterprises in Shandong, Henan, and Guizhou. Since 2025, the number of such enterprises has generally stabilized, possibly related to the reduced debt - resolution pressure of urban investment enterprises under the "package debt - resolution plan" [5]. - The Shanghai Commercial Paper Exchange started to release the "List of Continuous Overdue Commercial Bills" monthly since August 2021. The statistical criteria for the continuous overdue list are: since August 2021, acceptors who have had more than 3 payment overdue within 6 months from the cut - off date of the list disclosure, and have an overdue balance at the end of the month or have payment overdue in the current month [5]. - From November 2021 to August 2025, the number of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises with continuous bill overdue as commercial bill acceptors showed a fluctuating growth trend. From August to October 2023, the number of such enterprises increased rapidly, possibly related to restricted new financing and increased short - term debt repayment pressure. From November 2023 to the end of 2024, the number increased slightly with fluctuations. Since 2025, the number has generally stabilized. During this period, bond - issuing urban investment enterprises were included in the bill continuous overdue list 1362 times, involving 155 enterprises [7][8]. - In terms of credit rating, bill - overdue bond - issuing urban investment enterprises are mainly AA - rated, accounting for 67.74% (105 enterprises), followed by AA + - rated enterprises, accounting for 22.58% [12]. - In terms of administrative level, district - county - level platforms among bill - overdue urban investment enterprises account for a high proportion, and there are no provincial - level platforms. There are 91 district - county - level platforms (accounting for 58.71%), 44 municipal - level platforms (accounting for 28.39%), 6 provincial - level park platforms, 6 national - level development zone platforms, 3 national - level high - tech zone platforms, and 5 national - level new area platforms [14]. - In terms of geographical distribution, there are 19 provinces involved in bill overdue risks, including Shandong, Henan, and Guizhou. Shandong has the largest number of bill - overdue bond - issuing urban investment enterprises, reaching 56 (accounting for 36.13%), followed by Henan with 18 and Guizhou with 15 [18]. 3.2 Analysis of the Causes of Bill Overdue of Urban Investment Enterprises 3.2.1 External Factors - **Regional Fiscal and Debt Burden**: In the regions where bill - overdue bond - issuing urban investment enterprises are concentrated, except for Qingdao and Zibo, the fiscal self - sufficiency of other regions is lower than the national average. Most of the cities with a high risk of bill overdue of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises in 2024 had a growth rate of general public budget revenue lower than the national average (0.9%), and the fiscal self - sufficiency rate of most cities was lower than the national average (71.22%). Affected by the sluggish land market in 2024, the government fund revenue in some regions with a high incidence of bill overdue showed a significant downward trend, further increasing the debt repayment pressure of urban investment enterprises in these regions [23][24]. - In 2024, due to factors such as the government's replacement of stock implicit debt under the "package debt - resolution plan", the local government debt balance of cities with a high risk of bill overdue of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises increased year - on - year. These cities have relatively heavy local government debt burdens and large broad - based debt repayment pressures. The government debt ratio of these cities is higher than 150%, and the broad - based debt ratio (including the interest - bearing debt of local urban investment enterprises) of most cities is higher than 400%. The non - standard financing ratio of some cities decreased in 2024, which may be related to the debt replacement policy [27]. - **Other Possible Factors**: In recent years, regulatory authorities and financial institutions have tightened new financing for urban investment enterprises, increasing their financing difficulty. Since bond repayment has strong rigidity, for urban investment enterprises, the risk of bond default is much greater than that of bill overdue. Coupled with the lack of professional debt coordination ability in some regions and the lack of attention to bill repayment management, the repayment priority of bills is relatively low, leading to bill overdue of some bond - issuing urban investment enterprises [30]. 3.2.2 Enterprise Self - factors - **Payable Amount Scale**: The relative scale of accounts payable and notes payable of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises is generally higher than the industry median level, and the relative scale of notes payable fluctuates greatly [32][33]. - **Debt Structure**: The proportion of short - term debt of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises has increased rapidly, and the proportion of short - term debt in the year before the first bill overdue is significantly higher than the industry median level [34]. - **Asset Structure**: The median increase in the proportion of funds occupied by business operations of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises is higher than the industry median increase [39]. - **Short - term Debt Repayment Ability and Fund Raising**: The coverage of cash - like assets to short - term debt of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises is significantly lower than the industry median level. From 2022 to 2024, the median net financing of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises decreased rapidly in the year before the bill overdue, significantly lower than the industry median level. In 2025, the median net financing of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises in the year before the bill overdue increased against the trend, possibly related to the "targeted support" of local governments and financial institutions [40][41]. - **Financing Channels and Costs**: From 2022 to 2024, the proportion of non - standard financing in the total debt of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises is generally higher than the industry median level and fluctuates greatly. The financing cost of bill - overdue urban investment enterprises in the three years before the bill overdue is generally higher than the industry median level [42][43]. 3.3 Impact of Bill Overdue of Urban Investment Enterprises and Countermeasure Suggestions - **Impact**: Bill overdue has a negative impact on enterprise credit, financing ability, and the regional financial market. It will damage the credit of urban investment enterprises, lead to financing difficulties and increased capital costs, and may also trigger legal disputes. It may also cause market concerns about the credit risk of urban investment enterprises in the region, affecting market confidence and leading to tight liquidity in the regional financial market [46]. - **Countermeasure Suggestions**: Urban investment enterprises need to shift from "passively relying on policies" to "actively enhancing resilience". They should strengthen asset liquidity management and improve short - term debt repayment ability through asset revitalization, accounts receivable collection, and optimized fund scheduling. They should also gradually reduce their dependence on government resources, transform from "platform - type" to "operation - type", and cultivate sustainable operating cash flow through refined operations to improve profitability and self - debt - repayment ability [47][48]. 3.4 Summary and Outlook - **Summary**: Although the proportion of notes payable in the interest - bearing debt of urban investment enterprises is low, bill overdue can be an early warning signal, indicating that the enterprise has certain liquidity tension, which may lead to other credit risk events. Since July 2023, after the introduction of the "package debt - resolution plan", the number of bill - overdue bond - issuing urban investment enterprises increased rapidly and then fluctuated. Since November 2024, the number has generally stabilized. District - county - level platforms among overdue enterprises account for a high proportion, and are concentrated in Shandong, Henan, and Guizhou. Bill overdue not only damages the enterprise's own credit and financing ability but may also cause a chain reaction in the regional financial market [49]. - **Outlook**: In 2026, the short - term risk mitigation expectation of urban investment enterprises is clear, but the debt repayment ability of most urban investment enterprises has not been substantially improved, and the operating cash flow has insufficient support for bill repayment. Some urban investment enterprises still have relatively heavy debt burdens, a high proportion of short - term debt, weak financing ability, and high financing costs. Therefore, the phenomenon of continuous bill overdue will still exist in some regions. Urban investment enterprises should pay attention to bill, debt, and public opinion management, strengthen credit management and maintenance, and actively transform into industries that enhance their self - hematopoietic ability [50].

Core Viewpoint - In August, the commercial bill acceptance and discounting activities showed significant involvement from small and micro enterprises, indicating their crucial role in the financial market [1] Group 1: Commercial Bills - In August, the total amount of commercial bill acceptance reached 3.3 trillion yuan, while the discounting amount was 2.5 trillion yuan [1] - By the end of August, the balance of commercial bill acceptance stood at 20.2 trillion yuan, and the balance of discounting was 15.7 trillion yuan [1] - Small and micro enterprises accounted for 93.3% of all bill issuers, with 10.9 million enterprises issuing bills totaling 2.4 trillion yuan, representing 73.4% of the total bill issuance [1] Group 2: Discounting Activities - In August, 12.1 million small and micro enterprises participated in discounting, making up 96.6% of all discounting enterprises, with a total discounting amount of 2 trillion yuan, which is 78.8% of the total discounting [1] Group 3: Interbank Market - The interbank lending market recorded a transaction volume of 8.8 trillion yuan in August, reflecting a year-on-year decrease of 3.1% and a month-on-month decrease of 10.4% [1] - The bond repurchase transactions amounted to 160.8 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 11.8% but a month-on-month decrease of 8.28% [1] - Standard bond repurchase transactions on exchanges reached 52.9 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 18.3% and a month-on-month decrease of 7.9% [1] Group 4: Interest Rates - The weighted average interest rate for interbank lending was 1.4%, while the weighted average interest rate for pledged repos was 1.41%, both showing a month-on-month decline of 5 basis points [1]

Bond Market Issuance - In August, the bond market issued a total of 74,281.4 billion yuan in various bonds, including 13,277.6 billion yuan in government bonds, 9,776.4 billion yuan in local government bonds, 11,550.3 billion yuan in financial bonds, 12,391.4 billion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 212.2 billion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 26,956.5 billion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [2] Bond Market Operation - In August, the interbank bond market had a total transaction volume of 33.1 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 1.6 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 20.1% but a month-on-month decrease of 2.8% [3] - The exchange bond market recorded a transaction volume of 4.4 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 208.29 billion yuan [3] Foreign Participation in Bond Market - As of the end of August, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 3.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.0% of the total custody balance [4] - Foreign institutions held 2.0 trillion yuan in government bonds, representing 52.5% of their total holdings [4] Money Market Operation - In August, the interbank lending market had a transaction volume of 8.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 3.1% and a month-on-month decrease of 10.4% [5] - The bond repurchase transaction volume was 160.8 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 11.8% [5] Bill Market Operation - In August, the acceptance amount of commercial bills was 3.3 trillion yuan, and the discount amount was 2.5 trillion yuan [6] - Small and micro enterprises accounted for 93.3% of all bill issuers, with a total bill issuance amount of 2.4 trillion yuan [6] Stock Market Operation - By the end of August, the Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3,857.9 points, an increase of 284.7 points or 8.0% [7] - The Shenzhen Component Index closed at 12,696.2 points, an increase of 1,686.4 points or 15.3% [7] Holder Structure in Interbank Bond Market - As of the end of August, there were 3,984 institutional members in the interbank bond market, all of which were financial institutions [8] - The top 50 investors in corporate credit bonds held 53.0% of the total bonds, primarily concentrated in public funds, state-owned commercial banks, and insurance financial institutions [9]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China released the financial market operation data for July 2025, indicating significant activity in commercial bills [1] Group 1: Commercial Bills - In July, the total amount of commercial bill acceptances reached 3.7 trillion yuan, while the total amount of discounts was 3.1 trillion yuan [1] - As of the end of July, the balance of commercial bill acceptances stood at 19.9 trillion yuan, and the balance of discounts was 15.6 trillion yuan [1] Group 2: Small and Micro Enterprises - In July, 112,000 small and micro enterprises issued bills, accounting for 93.5% of all bill-issuing enterprises, with a total bill issuance amount of 2.8 trillion yuan, representing 74.1% of the total bill issuance [1] - There were 124,000 small and micro enterprises involved in discounts, making up 96.5% of all discounting enterprises, with a discount amount of 2.4 trillion yuan, which is 78.1% of the total discount amount [1]

Bond Market Issuance - In July, the bond market issued a total of 77,536.2 billion yuan in various types of bonds, including 12,226.5 billion yuan in government bonds, 12,134.9 billion yuan in local government bonds, 13,905.5 billion yuan in financial bonds, 13,496.8 billion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 329.3 billion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 24,743.6 billion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [1] Bond Market Operation - In July, the interbank bond market had a total transaction volume of 37.3 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 1.6 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 2.8% but a month-on-month decrease of 5.5%. Transactions with amounts between 5 million and 50 million yuan accounted for 51.8% of the total transaction amount [2] Bond Market Foreign Investment - As of the end of July, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 4.0 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.1% of the total custody balance. Among these, 3.9 trillion yuan was held in the interbank bond market, with foreign institutions holding 2.0 trillion yuan in government bonds, 1.0 trillion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit, and 0.8 trillion yuan in policy bank bonds [3] Money Market Operation - In July, the interbank lending market had a transaction volume of 9.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.1% and a month-on-month increase of 16.6%. The bond repurchase transaction volume was 175.3 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 18.5% [4] Bill Market Operation - In July, the acceptance amount of commercial bills was 3.7 trillion yuan, and the discount amount was 3.1 trillion yuan. As of the end of July, the acceptance balance of commercial bills was 19.9 trillion yuan, and the discount balance was 15.6 trillion yuan [5] Stock Market Operation - By the end of July, the Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3,573.2 points, an increase of 128.8 points or 3.7% from the previous month. The Shenzhen Component Index closed at 11,009.8 points, an increase of 544.7 points or 5.2% [6] Interbank Bond Market Holder Structure - As of the end of July, there were 3,986 institutional members in the interbank bond market, all of which were financial institutions. The top 50 investors in corporate credit bonds held 53.3% of the total, primarily concentrated in public funds, state-owned commercial banks, and insurance financial institutions [7]

Core Insights - The central point of the article highlights the financial market performance in July 2025, focusing on the significant role of small and micro enterprises in commercial bill activities [1] Group 1: Commercial Bills - In July, the total acceptance amount of commercial bills reached 3.7 trillion yuan, while the discount amount was 3.1 trillion yuan [1] - As of the end of July, the acceptance balance of commercial bills stood at 19.9 trillion yuan, and the discount balance was 15.6 trillion yuan [1] Group 2: Small and Micro Enterprises - In July, 112,000 small and micro enterprises issued bills, accounting for 93.5% of all bill-issuing enterprises [1] - The bill issuance amount from small and micro enterprises was 2.8 trillion yuan, representing 74.1% of the total bill issuance [1] - There were 124,000 small and micro enterprises involved in discounting, making up 96.5% of all discounting enterprises [1] - The discount amount from small and micro enterprises was 2.4 trillion yuan, which accounted for 78.1% of the total discount amount [1]

Core Viewpoint - The company, Xinghuang Investment, has drawn market attention after being listed for the first time on the overdue bill acceptance list of the Shanghai Bill Exchange, with a total overdue amount of 17.53 million yuan from three commercial bills [1][2]. Group 1: Company Overview - Xinghuang Investment was established in September 2006 and is primarily responsible for infrastructure investment and construction in the Huangqiao Economic Development Zone, including land development and affordable housing projects [3]. - The company is controlled by the Jiangsu Xinhong Industrial Investment Co., Ltd., with the actual controller being the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the Taizhou Municipal Government [3]. Group 2: Financial Performance - As of the end of 2024, Xinghuang Investment reported total assets of 17.673 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 7.67% [3]. - The company's operating revenue for 2024 was 1.266 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 9.71% [3]. Group 3: Recent Developments - The overdue bills were attributed to disputes in the bill business and policy-related delays in loan disbursement, with the company asserting that the overdue situation was not due to its management or intention [2]. - As of August 15, 2025, all overdue bills have been settled, and the company has stated that this incident will not adversely affect its normal operations or financial condition [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is implementing measures to increase credit support for the economy, particularly focusing on small and micro enterprises, in response to rising economic pressures from both domestic and international factors [1][2][3]. Group 1: Economic Context - Recent economic pressures have intensified due to unexpected domestic and international factors, including geopolitical conflicts affecting global supply chains and rising commodity prices [1]. - Domestic challenges such as sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks, logistics disruptions, and rising raw material costs have significantly impacted business operations, especially for small and micro enterprises [1][2]. Group 2: Credit Policy Measures - The State Council has decided to double the quota and support ratio for inclusive small and micro loans, shorten the acceptance period for commercial bills, and allow for deferred principal and interest payments [2]. - These measures aim to provide additional funding to small and micro enterprises, alleviating financial pressures caused by the pandemic and improving the efficiency of fund utilization [2]. Group 3: Focus Areas for Credit Support - Emphasis will be placed on key regions, sectors, and industries, with structural monetary policy tools being utilized to enhance financial support for small and micro enterprises, green development, technological innovation, energy supply, and water infrastructure [2]. - The policy also aims to maintain stable growth in real estate credit and support loans for severely affected individuals and businesses [2]. Group 4: Implementation and Confidence - The financial system is urged to enhance urgency and ensure the swift implementation of policies, with various banks collaborating to support key areas and address effective credit demand [3]. - There is a strong belief that macroeconomic policies have the capacity to overcome current challenges, and the implementation of increased credit measures will help restore market confidence and stabilize economic operations [3].

Core Viewpoint - In June 2024, the People's Bank of China reported significant activity in the bond market, with a total issuance of various bonds amounting to 7.0916 trillion yuan, indicating robust market dynamics and participation from different sectors [1] Bond Market Issuance - In June, the bond market issued a total of 7.0916 trillion yuan, including 1.2816 trillion yuan in government bonds, 671.44 billion yuan in local government bonds, 833.47 billion yuan in financial bonds, 1.2339 trillion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 24.49 billion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 2.9843 trillion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [1] Bond Market Custody Balance - As of the end of June, the total custody balance of the bond market reached 165 trillion yuan, with 144.4 trillion yuan in the interbank market and 20.6 trillion yuan in the exchange market [1] - The custody balance by bond type includes 30.9 trillion yuan in government bonds, 42.3 trillion yuan in local government bonds, 39.3 trillion yuan in financial bonds, 32.5 trillion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 1.3 trillion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 17.5 trillion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [1] Trading Activity - In June, the interbank bond market recorded a transaction volume of 33 trillion yuan, with a daily average of 1.7359 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 34.8% and a month-on-month increase of 12.8% [2] - The exchange bond market had a transaction volume of 3.5 trillion yuan, with a daily average of 186.28 billion yuan [2] - The commercial bank counter market saw 10.8 million transactions, amounting to 41.12 billion yuan [2] Foreign Participation - By the end of June, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 4.35 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.6% of the total custody balance [2] - Foreign institutions held 2.21 trillion yuan in government bonds, representing 51.3% of their total holdings [2] Money Market Activity - In June, the interbank lending market recorded a transaction volume of 7.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 45.4% and a month-on-month decrease of 6.3% [2] - The bond repurchase transactions totaled 117.7 trillion yuan, down 24.4% year-on-year and 2.2% month-on-month [2] Interest Rates - The weighted average interest rate for interbank lending in June was 1.87%, an increase of 2 basis points month-on-month [3] - The weighted average interest rate for pledged repos was 1.89%, up 7 basis points month-on-month [3] Commercial Paper Market - In June, the acceptance amount of commercial bills was 3.4 trillion yuan, with a discount amount of 2.9 trillion yuan [3] - By the end of June, the acceptance balance of commercial bills was 17.8 trillion yuan, and the discount balance was 12.9 trillion yuan [3] - Small and micro enterprises accounted for 93% of the bill issuers, with their acceptance amount reaching 2.4 trillion yuan, representing 71.4% of the total [3]

Market Overview - In June, the average daily trading volume in the Shanghai Stock Exchange was 510.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6% month-on-month; the Shenzhen Stock Exchange's average daily trading volume was 796.9 billion yuan, up 11.5% month-on-month [1][7] Bond Market Issuance - In June, the bond market issued a total of 87,939.5 billion yuan in various bonds, including 15,903.9 billion yuan in government bonds, 11,753.2 billion yuan in local government bonds, 10,738.7 billion yuan in financial bonds, 14,257.3 billion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 247.2 billion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 34,569.3 billion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [2] Bond Market Operation - In June, the interbank bond market had a total transaction volume of 34.3 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 1.7 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 1.2% but a month-on-month increase of 6.2% [3] Foreign Participation in Bond Market - As of the end of June, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 4.3 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.3% of the total custody balance [4] Money Market Activity - In June, the interbank lending market had a transaction volume of 8.4 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.2% and a month-on-month increase of 26.0% [5] Commercial Paper Market - In June, the acceptance amount of commercial bills was 3.5 trillion yuan, and the discount amount was 2.8 trillion yuan [6] Stock Market Performance - By the end of June, the Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3,444.4 points, an increase of 96.9 points or 2.9% month-on-month; the Shenzhen Component Index closed at 10,465.1 points, up 424.5 points or 4.2% month-on-month [7]