（原标题：寻找"受尊敬"企业系列报道之五：1.62万亿元研发投入构筑A股上市公司发展"护城河"） 科技是第一生产力，科技创新成为现阶段转型发展的关键。当前，我们正经历百年未有之大变局，这个变局的"始作俑者"就是日新月异的科技进 步。今天，以新一代信息技术、机器人、人工智能、生命科学、新能源等为代表的科技革命正重塑产业、经济格局，科技竞争已经成为各方博弈 的重要方面。 对于企业而言，科技创新不仅是评价一个企业综合实力以及保持高质量发展的重要指标和核心推动力，还是衡量一个企业能否受到普遍尊敬，以 及能否负责任地扛起行业创新大旗的重要体现。由经济观察报主办的2024—2025年度"寻找'受尊敬'企业"征集评选工作以"智创未来，向新而行"为 主题，也彰显了科技创新的独特分量。 从公司来看，比亚迪（002594.SZ）2024年以531.95亿元研发费用居首，研发投入同比增加超过百亿元，被称为"研发之王"；中国电建 （601669.SH）2024年研发投入242.5亿元，排在第二位；中国石油（601857.SH）、宁德时代（300750.SZ）、美的集团（000333.SZ）、中国中车 （601766.SH）、中国石化 ...

Group 1: Major Innovations and Achievements - The first self-exploration and development ultra-deepwater gas field "Deep Sea No. 1" commenced production in June 2021 [1] - The first domestically produced electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier "Fujian" was launched in June 2022 [1] - The first large domestic cruise ship "Aida·Magic City" began trial operations in December 2023 [1] - The first ocean drilling vessel "Dream" was officially completed and commissioned in November 2024 [1] - The first ultra-deep exploration well "Deep Earth Tower No. 1" was successfully drilled to a depth of 10,910 meters in February 2025 [1] Group 2: Strategic High Technology Developments - Significant advancements in strategic high technology have been made over the past five years, supporting industrial upgrades and high-quality economic development [6] - The "Deep Sea No. 1" energy station, the world's first 100,000-ton deepwater semi-submersible production and storage platform, has been fully operational since June 2023, with a daily output of over 15 million cubic meters of natural gas [5] - The high-speed rail technology continues to innovate, with the "Fuxing" high-speed train operating over 48,000 kilometers, accounting for more than two-thirds of the global high-speed rail operating mileage [7] Group 3: Advancements in Basic Research - China has made significant breakthroughs in basic research, including the discovery of over 1,000 pulsars by the "China Sky Eye" (FAST) telescope [2] - In quantum technology, China achieved the preparation and verification of 51 superconducting qubit cluster states, setting a world record for entangled qubits [3] - The first complete spatial distribution map of single cells in the macaque brain was created, providing unprecedented insights into primate brain structure and evolution [3] Group 4: Innovation Ecosystem and Investment - China's R&D investment reached a new high, with a nearly 50% increase compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, amounting to an additional 1.2 trillion yuan [9] - The proportion of high-tech manufacturing in total manufacturing increased from 15.3% in 2020 to 16.9% in the first half of this year [8] - The number of high-impact papers from China accounted for 48.4% of the global total, maintaining the top position worldwide [4]

Group 1 - The launch of the third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong" and the successful return of samples from the "Chang'e 6" mission highlight China's advancements in technology and innovation [1][4] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of innovation, aiming to build a technology powerhouse with leading global scientific strength and innovation capabilities [4][12] - Significant breakthroughs in foundational research have been achieved, including the detection of the first continuously active repeating fast radio bursts and advancements in quantum technology [5][6] Group 2 - The "Deep Sea No. 1" project, the world's first deep-water gas field developed independently, has begun full production, marking a significant milestone in China's deep-sea oil and gas development [2][8] - The launch of the first domestically produced large cruise ship "Aida·Modu" and the ongoing construction of the second ship "Aida·Huacheng" reflect advancements in China's shipbuilding industry [10] - The high-speed rail technology continues to innovate, with the CR450 train showcasing China's leadership in global high-speed rail operations [9] Group 3 - The rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, which has maintained the highest global production and sales, demonstrates China's progress in automotive technology [11] - The establishment of the world's largest and most advanced 5G network has facilitated the digital transformation across various industries [11] - China's investment in research and development has reached new heights, with a nearly 50% increase in R&D funding compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [12]

Core Viewpoint - China has built the world's largest and most modern high-speed rail network, with operational mileage reaching 48,000 kilometers by 2024, accounting for over 70% of the global high-speed rail total [1][4]. Group 1: High-Speed Rail Development - As of 2024, China's high-speed rail daily passenger volume exceeds 16 million, with the Fuxing high-speed trains having transported 3.3 billion passengers across 31 provinces and regions [5]. - By the end of 2025, the operational mileage of China's high-speed rail is expected to exceed 50,000 kilometers, covering 97.2% of cities with populations over 500,000 [6]. - The high-speed rail network has expanded from 7,531 kilometers to 48,000 kilometers over the past 15 years, significantly enhancing travel convenience for the public [4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The CR450AF/BF Fuxing high-speed train, capable of operating at speeds up to 400 kilometers per hour, features a 22% reduction in resistance and a 20% decrease in energy consumption compared to previous models [9]. - The introduction of the 600 kilometers per hour superconducting magnetic levitation train showcases advancements in speed and efficiency, filling the gap between high-speed rail and air travel [9]. - China has developed a comprehensive high-speed rail technology system covering various aspects, including train control and safety assurance, enabling commercial operations at speeds of 350 kilometers per hour on major routes [6]. Group 3: International Collaboration - China has engaged in railway planning, design, and operational cooperation with over 40 countries, contributing to global railway development and promoting the Belt and Road Initiative [6][7]. - The implementation of Chinese technology and standards in international projects, such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail, has significantly reduced travel times [7]. - China aims to enhance international standardization governance and improve the efficiency and quality of global high-speed rail construction [10].

Core Insights - The 12th World High-Speed Rail Conference opened in Beijing, marking the second time this global event has been held in the city since 2010, coinciding with the 200th anniversary of the world's first railway [1][2] - The conference, initiated by the International Union of Railways (UIC) in 1992, has become a significant platform for showcasing and exchanging achievements in high-speed rail development globally [1][2] Industry Overview - As of the end of 2024, China's high-speed rail (HSR) operational mileage will reach 48,000 kilometers, accounting for over 70% of the world's total high-speed rail mileage [2][3] - High-speed rail in China handles approximately 76% of passenger volume and 69% of passenger turnover for the national railway, representing about 19% of the overall transportation market's passenger volume and 31% of turnover [1] - The 12306 real-time ticketing system is the largest in the world, with a single-day peak ticket sales of 26 million [5][6] Economic Impact - Investment in China's high-speed rail generates significant economic benefits, with every 100 million yuan invested leading to over 1 billion yuan in output for related industries and creating over 600 jobs [7][8] - The development of high-speed rail has spurred growth in various sectors, including metallurgy, machinery, construction, and information technology [7] Future Developments - Future advancements in China's high-speed rail will focus on higher speeds, smarter technology, enhanced safety, and greener operations, with plans to develop a new generation of trains capable of reaching speeds of 400 kilometers per hour by the end of 2024 [8] - The integration of artificial intelligence and digital technologies will be prioritized to enhance operational efficiency and safety [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Railway Technology Innovation Alliance is focused on enhancing technological self-reliance and high-quality development in the railway sector through collaborative innovation and the establishment of an international standardization committee [1][2]. Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - The alliance has successfully implemented an innovation-driven development strategy, resulting in significant achievements such as the "Fuxing" high-speed train project winning the National Science and Technology Progress Award [1]. - Key technological advancements include the design and successful release of the CR450 train prototype, the regular operation of 30,000-ton heavy-duty trains, and the deepening of technological innovations in various fields such as mobile equipment and communication signals [1][2]. Group 2: Future Plans and Strategic Focus - The alliance plans to integrate research resources and enhance the synergy between technological and industrial innovation to elevate the overall effectiveness of the railway innovation system [2]. - Future initiatives will focus on major technological breakthroughs, promoting the transformation of scientific achievements into practical applications, and improving the railway technology innovation system [2][3]. Group 3: International Collaboration and Standardization - The establishment of the International Standardization Working Committee aims to convert alliance innovations into national and industry standards, enhancing China's railway standards on an international level [2][3]. - A joint funding agreement was signed to expand the scale of the railway basic research fund, promoting deeper collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland railway technology sectors [3].

Core Insights - The railway industry in China is experiencing growth in both passenger and freight transport volumes, with significant increases reported for 2024 [2] Group 1: Passenger and Freight Transport - In 2024, the total number of railway passengers reached 4.312 billion, marking an increase of 11.9% compared to the previous year [2] - The total freight transport volume reached 5.175 billion tons, reflecting a growth of 2.8% year-on-year [2] Group 2: Safety and Construction - The railway sector maintained a stable safety record, with no major accidents reported in 2024 [3] - Fixed asset investment in railways amounted to 850.6 billion yuan, with 3,113 kilometers of new lines put into operation, including 2,457 kilometers of high-speed rail [3] Group 3: Standards and Innovation - A total of 20 national railway standards and 95 industry standards were published in 2024, along with 7 international railway standards led by China [3] - Six projects in the railway sector received the National Science and Technology Award for 2023, with the "Fuxing" high-speed train project winning the special prize for technological progress [3] Group 4: Environmental Initiatives - The chemical oxygen demand emissions from the railway sector were reduced to 1,337 tons, a decrease of 130 tons from the previous year, while sulfur dioxide emissions fell to 456 tons, down by 196 tons [3] Group 5: Regulatory Oversight - In 2024, railway regulatory authorities issued 622 administrative license decisions and implemented 198 administrative penalties, with 383 penalty decisions made [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the advancements and achievements of the High-Speed Train Research Center at Central South University in developing cutting-edge aerodynamic and collision safety technologies for high-speed trains, significantly contributing to China's leadership in high-speed rail technology. Group 1: Research and Development Achievements - The research team has developed the world's first aerodynamic dynamic model testing system capable of simulating speeds up to 500 km/h, which is crucial for optimizing train designs [1] - The team has addressed three major global challenges: aerodynamic limitations on high-speed rail development, collision safety protection, and comprehensive safety measures against strong winds [2] - The center has established itself as a leader in the fields of train aerodynamics and collision safety, supporting the design and optimization of notable trains like the "Zhongyuan Star" and "Fuxing" [3] Group 2: Team Commitment and Challenges - The team often conducts extensive field research and evaluation tests in harsh conditions to ensure the safety of train operations, demonstrating a strong commitment to their work [4] - Team members have shared experiences of prioritizing data collection over personal safety during challenging conditions, reflecting their dedication to research [4] - The team has received multiple national awards, including eight national science and technology awards and two China Patent Gold Awards, showcasing their contributions to the field [5]

央企巨头中国中车（601766）(601766.SH)实现2025年"开门红"。 4月7日，中国中车发布2025年一季度业绩预增公告，经公司财务部门初步测算，预计2025年一季度实现净利润 28.22亿—32.26亿元，同比增长180%—220%。公司业绩增长主要原因是，报告期内产品销量较上年同期有所增 长。 长江商报记者注意到，作为稳居全球规模最大轨道交通装备供应商，中国中车多年来通过不断的技术创新和全球 市场拓展，展现出了良好的发展势头。 长江商报记者发现，中国中车抢抓全球市场机遇，推动业务全产业链"走出去"，海外市场已经成为其重要增长 点。2024年，公司新签订单3222亿元，其中新签海外订单472亿元。期末公司在手订单约3181亿元。 2024年营收净利创新高 资料显示，中国中车由中国北车（601299）股份有限公司、中国南车股份有限公司于2015年合并组建，并于同年 在上交所和港交所成功上市。中国中车产品现已出口全球近百个国家和地区，并逐步从产品出口向技术输出、资 本输出和全球化经营转变。 从业绩上来看，近年来，虽然全球经济、贸易环境等发生了较大变化，但中国中车的经营仍然稳健。自2015年重 组至今 ...

Core Insights - China CRRC Corporation Limited reported a revenue of 246.46 billion yuan for 2024, marking a year-on-year growth of 5.21% [1] - The net profit attributable to shareholders reached 12.39 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 5.77%, while the net profit after deducting non-recurring items was 10.14 billion yuan, up 11.38% [1] Group 1: Business Performance - The company achieved record high operating performance, with its rail transit equipment business maintaining the top position globally [2] - Revenue from the railway equipment business increased by 12.5% year-on-year, primarily driven by growth in the high-speed train segment [2] - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of 2.1 yuan per 10 shares, totaling 6.03 billion yuan [2] Group 2: Market Strategy - In 2024, the company secured new orders worth 322.2 billion yuan, including 47.2 billion yuan from overseas [3] - The company is focusing on expanding its market presence in rail equipment, urban rail, and new industries, while also enhancing its international business model [3][4] Group 3: Innovation and Development - The company invested approximately 16.69 billion yuan in R&D, accounting for 6.77% of its revenue [5] - Key technological breakthroughs were achieved, including the launch of the Fuxing high-speed train and the world's largest floating offshore wind turbine [5] - Looking ahead to 2025, the company aims to emphasize value creation, innovation leadership, and reform empowerment to meet its "14th Five-Year Plan" goals [5]