（原标题：21专访｜北大汇丰马琳琳：深圳应强化"创新试验田"角色） 21世纪经济报道记者 雷若馨 深圳报道 2025年，诺贝尔经济学奖回归对"创新驱动增长"的本源问题、"十五五"规划建议落子"提高资本市场制 度包容性"。如今的金融钥匙，究竟要打开怎样的一把锁？ 而解开这道题的关键，在于读懂金融如何从服务"已知"转向发现"未知"。 "深圳最大的创新，在于构建了一个'把不确定性资本化'的制度生态。"近日，在接受21世纪经济报道记 者采访时，北京大学汇丰金融研究院副院长马琳琳指出。 她长期从事机构投资者行为研究，主要方向包括共同基金、对冲基金运作机制及行为金融学理论。同 时，其研究团队持续关注养老金融领域，为应对人口老龄化提供理论支持。 在马琳琳看来，"提高资本市场制度包容性"的核心是引导资本从"短期博弈"的投机游戏中离开，转 向"长期发现"价值的新赛场。她从机构投资者行为调整的三大趋势谈起，系统阐释了如何通过制度之渠 将流动性引向"五篇大文章"的广阔领域。 此外，她还一语道破了"五篇大文章"中养老金融本质：它既是居民未来的"每月可领"，也是国家未来 的"长期耐心资本"。 马琳琳：引导的话，其实国家已经在做。修渠引 ...

Group 1: Government Debt Management - The Ministry of Finance has established a Debt Management Division, which includes six departments, with Li Dawei appointed as the director [1] - The main responsibilities of the Debt Management Division include formulating national and local government debt balance limit plans, managing government internal debt issuance and repayment, and enhancing government debt monitoring and regulation [1] Group 2: Monetary Policy and Market Operations - The central bank conducted a 783 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation on November 3, with a net withdrawal of 2,590 billion yuan for the day [3] - Short-term Shibor rates have collectively declined, with the overnight rate down by 0.5 basis points to 1.316% [3] Group 3: Corporate Debt Issuance - The Zhumadian Urban Construction Investment Group plans to issue 34 billion yuan in medium-term notes and corporate bonds [8][9] - Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Industry Co., Ltd. successfully issued 10 billion yuan in technology innovation bonds at an interest rate of 2.82% [11] - Henan Water Investment Group completed the issuance of 11 billion yuan in medium-term notes at an interest rate of 1.88% [12] - Nanyang's Wancheng District Urban Construction Investment Co., Ltd. plans to issue 10 billion yuan in bonds to support small and micro enterprises [13][14] - Zhumadian Urban Construction Investment Group completed the issuance of 4.25 billion yuan in corporate bonds, with two varieties having different terms and interest rates [16] Group 4: Corporate Restructuring and Risk Management - Weifang Binhai Investment Development Co., Ltd. plans to absorb and merge with Weifang Binhai Construction Group, which will be dissolved [17] - Suzhou Wuzhong Urban Investment Group is undergoing a restructuring process involving the transfer of equity stakes among various subsidiaries [18] Group 5: Market Outlook and Analysis - Huatai Fixed Income suggests that the bond market will face significant challenges in the coming year, with expectations of a return to nominal GDP growth [22] - CITIC Securities indicates that the risk of rising bond yields is limited, forecasting a general government bond issuance scale of around 1 trillion yuan in November [23]

Core Viewpoint - Huishang Bank demonstrated stable operational fundamentals in the first half of the year, with core financial indicators showing growth, reflecting effective cost control and business structure optimization Financial Performance - The bank achieved operating income of 21.157 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.25% - Net profit reached 9.328 billion yuan, growing by 3.81%, indicating that profit growth outpaced revenue growth [1] - As of the end of June, total assets amounted to 2.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.82% from the end of the previous year [1] Credit Focus - Customer loans and advances totaled 1.10 trillion yuan, up 9.82% from the end of the previous year - Public utility loans accounted for 21% of the total, leading among all sectors; manufacturing and commercial services loans made up 13% and 14%, respectively [2] - Personal wealth management business reached a scale of 211.829 billion yuan, with the number of wealth clients increasing by 11.76% to 1.2841 million [2] Growth Engines - Supply chain finance and technology finance emerged as new growth engines, with supply chain finance lending increasing by 64.53% year-on-year - Technology loans reached 201.794 billion yuan, with a net increase of 33.029 billion yuan, reflecting a growth rate of 19.57% [3] - The bank issued 5 billion yuan in technology innovation bonds to broaden financing channels for tech enterprises [3] Risk Management - Huishang Bank focused on building a comprehensive risk management system, utilizing big data and AI for credit risk management - The non-performing loan ratio stood at 0.98%, a decrease of 0.16 percentage points year-on-year, maintaining a low level in the industry [4] - The non-performing loan provision coverage ratio improved by 17.43 percentage points to 289.94%, enhancing the bank's ability to address potential risks [4] International Trade Services - The bank enhanced its service capabilities for foreign trade enterprises, promoting the use of RMB for cross-border settlements - Cross-border RMB settlement volume reached 9.555 billion yuan, an increase of 18.73% year-on-year [6] Shareholder Returns - The bank increased its cash dividend to 0.21 yuan per share, a 44% rise from the previous year, distributing a total of 2.917 billion yuan in cash dividends [6] - The bank also paid interest on perpetual bonds, demonstrating a responsible attitude towards various capital tool investors [6]

Core Insights - In the first three quarters of 2025, 73 enterprises in Henan province issued bonds in the interbank market, raising a total of 144.2 billion yuan, with 4 companies making their debut in bond issuance [1] - The balance of corporate debt financing tools in Henan reached 448.87 billion yuan by the end of September, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 8.6% [1] - The issuance of technology innovation bonds in Henan exceeded 13.72 billion yuan, with 9 companies participating [6] - The issuance of savings bonds in Henan reached 7.443 billion yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of 6.01% [8][9] Debt Market Dynamics - The total issuance of perpetual bonds and subordinated debt by commercial banks in 2025 has surpassed 1.26 trillion yuan [3] - The People's Bank of China conducted a 138.2 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation, resulting in a net injection of 94.7 billion yuan into the market [5] - The issuance of special refinancing bonds in Liaoning province is set at 5.546 billion yuan, aimed at repaying existing debts [11] Regional Highlights - The Zhengzhou High-tech Zone is seeking to support technology enterprises in issuing bonds for direct financing, offering subsidies for rating certification [12] - Yunnan province is promoting the issuance of bonds by private enterprises and encouraging local banks to invest in these bonds [14] Recent Issuance Activities - Anyang Steel Group successfully issued 500 million yuan in technology innovation bonds with an interest rate of 2.9% [18] - Luoyang Urban Development Group completed the issuance of 500 million yuan in renewable corporate bonds at a rate of 2.65% [17] - Kaifeng Development Investment Group issued 1 billion yuan in corporate bonds with a 3.15% interest rate [18] Market Sentiment - The Huayuan Fixed Income team expressed a bullish outlook on the bond market, predicting a downward trend in bond yields [25] - Xinda Fixed Income research indicated that while trade negotiations present uncertainties, liquidity remains assured, suggesting limited upward risk for the bond market [26]

Core Insights - The total savings of Chinese residents increased from 93 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 162 trillion yuan by the end of June 2025, with per capita savings exceeding 115,000 yuan [1] - The proportion of real estate in residents' wealth decreased from 54.6% in 2020 to 48.7% in 2024, while financial assets' share rose to 47.6% in 2024, indicating a growing space for asset management products [1] Group 1: Investment Strategies - The wealth management industry needs to enhance capabilities in three areas: 1. Bond investments must delve into industry frontiers, as current credit bond yields have fallen below 2%, necessitating a focus on technology to capture excess returns [2] 2. A diversified asset allocation strategy is essential, expanding asset types to include gold, options, REITs, and cross-border assets to mitigate product value fluctuations and achieve absolute returns [2][3] 3. Innovative asset introduction is crucial, with a focus on equity and alternative asset investments, including REITs and real estate-backed securities to enhance returns [3] Group 2: Specific Initiatives - The company has initiated investments in technology innovation bonds, targeting sectors like integrated circuits and high-end manufacturing, and has launched index-linked products to allow investors to benefit from hard technology dividends [2] - The company is also exploring direct stock investment to strengthen equity research capabilities and develop a clear strategy for flagship products [2]

Core Insights - The 2025 Sustainable Global Leaders Conference will be held from October 16 to 18 in Shanghai, focusing on "Collaborating to Address Challenges: Global Action, Innovation, and Sustainable Growth" [1] - The conference is co-hosted by the World Green Design Organization (WGDO) and Sina Group, with support from the Shanghai Huangpu District Government [1] - Approximately 500 prominent guests, including 100 international attendees, will participate, featuring political figures, Nobel laureates, and leaders from Fortune 500 companies [1] Company Highlights - CITIC Securities Chairman Liu Cheng delivered a keynote speech, discussing the company's commitment to sustainable development through financial initiatives [1] - In 2024, CITIC Securities ranked among the top two in multiple technology finance indicators, with the number and amount of technology innovation bonds being second in the industry, and over 2 billion yuan invested in equity for technology companies [1] - CITIC Securities facilitated the issuance of 107 green bonds in 2024, with a total transaction amount nearing 60 billion yuan [2] - The company launched nearly 300 public pension products, achieving a market coverage rate of nearly 80%, with total scale exceeding 4 billion yuan since inception [2] - CITIC Securities has provided thousands of roadshow services for national social security funds and insurance pension companies, along with nearly 500 specialized discussions and research sessions [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that technological innovation is the key engine for high-quality development, and forming new productive forces is a strategic pivot for building a modern industrial system [1] - Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau has encouraged local brokerages to transition from "intermediary service providers" to "strategic value partners," placing technological innovation at the core of their corporate strategies [1][2] - Over the past three years, Shenzhen brokerages have successfully assisted 190 companies in listing on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, raising over 240 billion yuan [1][2] Group 2 - Shenzhen brokerages have innovated due diligence methods to assess technological barriers, R&D potential, and core value in the industrial chain, addressing the challenges faced by tech companies [2] - As of July 2025, 193 companies have been assisted in listing on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board and the Growth Enterprise Market, covering key national strategic sectors such as information technology and green energy [2] - Notable examples include the successful IPO of Yingshi Innovation, which raised 1.938 billion yuan, and the listing of Dingjia Precision, a national-level specialized "little giant" in consumer electronics [2] Group 3 - Since the release of the "M&A Six Articles," the Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau has organized 15 events to promote M&A policies, encouraging brokerages to focus on key industrial chain segments [3] - Huatai United Securities has successfully executed significant M&A cases, including the acquisition of Nexperia Holding B.V. by Wentai Technology [3] Group 4 - Shenzhen brokerages have responded quickly to the bond market's "technology board" requirements, issuing technology innovation bonds totaling 16 billion yuan [4] - In the first half of the year, CITIC Securities helped over 40 companies issue technology innovation bonds, raising more than 70 billion yuan [4] Group 5 - National firsts in bond issuance include the private venture capital "technology innovation bond" by Guosen Securities and the "green + rural revitalization + technology innovation" bond by Great Wall Securities [5] Group 6 - Since 2024, the Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau has conducted 58 activities focusing on policy advocacy and financing, encouraging brokerages to establish specialized service teams [7] - Notable achievements include the issuance of a 3.584 billion yuan convertible bond by ZTE Corporation and a 9.72 billion yuan private placement by Demingli [7] Group 7 - As of July 2025, investment in technological innovation by Shenzhen brokerages includes approximately 8.25 billion yuan by招商证券 and over 10 billion yuan by国信证券 [8] - The Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau aims to strengthen regulatory guidance and support for technological innovation, exploring new financing models such as technology REITs and ESG investments [8]

Report Summary Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints On September 3, the overall liquidity was balanced and slightly loose; the stock market decline boosted the bond market; the convertible bond market stopped falling and closed higher, with most convertible bond issues rising; yields on U.S. Treasuries across all maturities generally declined, and yields on 10 - year government bonds of major European economies generally decreased [1]. Section Summaries 1. Bond Market News - **Domestic News**: The joint working group of the Ministry of Finance and the central bank held its second meeting to discuss issues related to the bond market. Since May, over 1.02 trillion yuan of science - innovation bonds have been issued. The 2nd private enterprise bond financing training class was held in Wuxi. As of June 30, 2025, the total management scale of 460 mother funds was 3484.5 billion yuan, a 23.7% decrease from the end of 2024 [3][4]. - **International News**: In July, U.S. JOLTS job openings dropped to a 10 - month low, with significant decreases in healthcare, retail, and leisure & hospitality sectors. The ratio of job openings to the number of unemployed fell to 1, hovering at the lowest level since 2021. Recruitment increased by 41,000 to 5.308 million, and layoffs reached the highest level since September last year [6]. - **Commodities**: On September 3, WTI October crude oil futures fell 2.47% to $63.97 per barrel, Brent November crude oil futures fell 2.23% to $67.60 per barrel, COMEX gold futures rose 0.82% to $3621.80 per ounce, and NYMEX natural gas prices rose 2.71% to $3.071 per ounce [7]. 2. Liquidity - **Open - Market Operations**: On September 3, the central bank conducted 229.1 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations at a fixed - rate and quantity - tender method, with an operating rate of 1.40%. With 379.9 billion yuan of reverse repurchases maturing on the same day, the net withdrawal of funds was 150.8 billion yuan [9]. - **Funding Rates**: On September 3, the overall liquidity was balanced and slightly loose. DR001 decreased by 0.01bp to 1.314%, and DR007 increased by 0.40bp to 1.442% [10]. 3. Bond Market Dynamics - **Interest - Rate Bonds**: - **Spot Bond Yields**: On September 3, the bond market strengthened. The yield of the 10 - year Treasury active bond 250011 decreased by 2.00bp to 1.7475%, and the yield of the 10 - year CDB active bond 250215 decreased by 2.15bp to 1.8460% [13]. - **Bond Tenders**: Details of the issuance scale, winning yields, and other information of multiple bonds such as 25贴现国债54 were provided [14]. - **Credit Bonds**: - **Secondary - Market Transaction Anomalies**: On September 3, 5 industrial bonds had a price deviation of over 10%, including "15 宏图 MTN001" down over 97% and "H9 龙控 01" up over 100% [14]. - **Credit Bond Events**: Multiple companies had events such as bank loan defaults, subsidiary bankruptcies, and cancellation of bond issuances [15]. - **Equity and Convertible Bond Indexes**: - **Equity Market**: On September 3, the A - share market showed divergence. The ChiNext Index rose 0.95%, while the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Component Index fell 1.16% and 0.65% respectively. The full - day trading volume was 2.4 trillion yuan [16]. - **Convertible Bond Market**: On September 3, the convertible bond market stopped falling and closed higher. The CSI Convertible Bond Index, Shanghai Convertible Bond Index, and Shenzhen Convertible Bond Index rose 0.26%, 0.23%, and 0.28% respectively. The trading volume was 85.809 billion yuan, a decrease of 19.905 billion yuan from the previous trading day [16]. - **Convertible Bond Tracking**: On September 3, "伟 22 转债" announced no downward revision of the conversion price, and "宏辉转债" announced early redemption, among other announcements [20]. - **Overseas Bond Markets**: - **U.S. Bond Market**: On September 3, yields on U.S. Treasuries across all maturities generally declined. The 2 - year yield decreased by 5bp to 3.61%, and the 10 - year yield decreased by 6bp to 4.22%. The 2/10 - year yield spread narrowed by 1bp to 61bp, and the 5/30 - year yield spread narrowed by 2bp to 121bp. The 10 - year TIPS break - even inflation rate decreased by 1bp to 2.40% [21]. - **European Bond Market**: On September 3, yields on 10 - year government bonds of major European economies generally declined. For example, the German 10 - year yield decreased by 5bp to 2.74% [24]. - **Chinese - Issued U.S. Dollar Bonds**: Price changes of Chinese - issued U.S. dollar bonds as of the close on September 3 were presented, including the daily changes, credit entities, and other information of multiple bonds [26].

Group 1: Open Market Operations - The central bank announced a reverse repurchase operation of 212.6 billion yuan for 7 days at a fixed rate of 1.40% on September 4, with a total bid amount of 212.6 billion yuan and a successful bid amount of 212.6 billion yuan. On the same day, 416.1 billion yuan of reverse repos matured, resulting in a net withdrawal of 203.5 billion yuan [1]. Group 2: Funding Conditions - The central bank has conducted net withdrawals for four consecutive days; however, the interbank funding conditions remain stable, with the overnight repo weighted average rate around 1.30%. The overnight quotes in the anonymous click (X-repo) system also maintain at 1.30%, with supply exceeding 100 billion yuan. Non-bank institutions are borrowing overnight against certificates of deposit and credit bonds, with the latest quotes around 1.45%-1.48% for overnight and 1.46%-1.48% for seven-day funds [3]. Group 3: Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The latest transaction rate for one-year interbank certificates of deposit among major banks is at 1.66%, remaining stable compared to the previous day [6]. Group 4: Bond Market Overview - The yields on major interbank bonds have shown mixed movements, with government bond futures closing mostly higher. The 30-year main contract rose by 0.26%, the 10-year main contract increased by 0.13%, the 5-year main contract went up by 0.06%, while the 2-year main contract fell by 0.01% [10]. Group 5: Policy and Industry Developments - The central bank plans to conduct a 1 trillion yuan reverse repurchase operation on September 5, with a term of 3 months (91 days), to maintain liquidity in the banking system [11]. - The State Council issued an opinion to enhance the sports industry, aiming to cultivate influential sports enterprises and events by 2030, with the total scale of the sports industry expected to exceed 7 trillion yuan. Financial support for the sports industry will be increased, including optimizing financing services and encouraging the issuance of bonds and asset securitization [11]. - The China Securities Association has initiated a quality evaluation for investment banking and bond business, with materials due by September 15, reflecting a systematic and standardized evaluation process [11].

Core Viewpoint - The capital market is increasingly supporting technology innovation enterprises through various policy measures and financial services, with Shenzhen securities firms playing a pivotal role in this ecosystem [1][2]. Group 1: Capital Market Support - Recent policy initiatives such as "Technology Sixteen Articles," "Sci-Tech Innovation Board Eight Articles," and "Mergers and Acquisitions Six Articles" have opened new avenues for the development of technology innovation enterprises [1]. - Over the past three years, Shenzhen securities firms have successfully assisted 190 companies in listing on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, raising over 240 billion yuan, with 50 companies listed on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board and 66 on the Growth Enterprise Market [1]. Group 2: Transformation of Securities Firms - There is a need for securities firms to transition from "intermediary service providers" to "strategic value partners" to meet the full lifecycle funding needs of technology innovation enterprises [4]. - Shenzhen securities firms have made significant progress in this transformation, focusing on sectors such as "hard technology," "three innovations and four new," and specialized industries [5]. Group 3: Financial Services and Innovations - Shenzhen securities firms have expanded their service tools beyond IPOs and refinancing to include technology innovation bonds and asset-backed securities (ABS), catering to diverse financing needs [1][8]. - As of July 2025, six Shenzhen securities firms have successfully issued technology innovation bonds totaling 16 billion yuan, creating a "stock-bond fund linkage" ecosystem [8]. Group 4: Mergers and Acquisitions - Mergers and acquisitions are highlighted as effective strategies for listed companies to grow and strengthen their market position, with Shenzhen securities firms actively facilitating these processes [7]. - Notable examples include Huatai United's assistance in a landmark cross-border acquisition in the semiconductor sector, showcasing the firms' capabilities in complex transactions [7]. Group 5: Future Directions - The Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau emphasizes the importance of reinforcing regulatory guidance and encouraging securities firms to focus on national strategies and technological innovation [9][10]. - There is a push for exploring new financing models such as technology REITs and ESG investments to ensure a steady flow of capital into technology innovation sectors [10].