肯尼亚一家服装工厂 路透社 美国民主、共和两党议员正敦促特朗普政府延长这项法案，他们称这是美国外交关系的"支柱"，也 是"制衡"中国在非洲影响力的手段。美国众议院筹款委员会成员、共和党籍众议员阿德里安·史密斯 说，该法案"表明了美国对非洲年轻、不断增长的人口的承诺"。 【文/观察者网 陈思佳】美国实施了25年的《非洲增长与机遇法案》（AGOA）已于今年9月底到期，使 非洲数十万个工作岗位面临风险。据路透社10月1日报道，美国民主、共和两党正敦促白宫续签这项对 非贸易法案，他们担心，如果再不采取措施，美国在非洲的影响力将被中国取代。 美国克林顿政府在2000年通过了《非洲增长与机遇法案》，旨在深化美国与撒哈拉以南非洲国家的贸易 联系。法案覆盖32个非洲国家，允许符合条件的数千种商品免税进入美国，其中包括机动车辆和零部 件、纺织品和服装、矿物和金属、农产品以及化学品等产品。 在2023年，即有数据可查的最后一年，非洲根据该法案向美国出口97亿美元的商品。路透社称，非洲数 十万个工作岗位依赖这项法案。 法案到期已引起一些企业和投资者的担忧，特别是一些为了利用免税准入而在非洲进行投资的公司表 示，即使是暂时的中断，也 ...

Core Viewpoint - The threat of a 25% tariff on Indian goods by President Trump is expected to significantly impact India's stock market and export-dependent industries, amidst ongoing trade negotiations between the US and India [1][3]. Group 1: Market Reaction - The Indian stock market experienced heightened risk aversion, with the SENSEX30 index opening nearly 1% lower before a slight rebound [2][4]. - Foreign investors have accelerated their withdrawal from the Indian stock market, with over $2 billion pulled out this month, shifting investments to markets like Hong Kong and South Korea [8]. Group 2: Affected Industries - The pharmaceutical industry, which exports approximately $8 billion annually to the US, is at high risk, with major companies like Sun Pharma and Dr. Reddy's deriving at least 30% of their revenue from the US market [3][10]. - The electronics sector, particularly with Apple's increased assembly in India, may face significant setbacks if tariffs rise to 25%, undermining Apple's strategy to source iPhones from India [10]. - The textile and apparel industry, crucial for US retailers like Gap and Walmart, will lose competitive advantages against countries like Vietnam due to new tariffs [10]. - The gems and jewelry sector, valued at over $10 billion in exports to the US, is concerned about potential disruptions to supply chains and livelihoods [10]. - The refining sector, particularly companies like Reliance Industries, may face additional pressure due to potential penalties for purchasing energy from Russia, as nearly 37% of India's oil imports come from there [10]. Group 3: Financing Trends - The Indian market is experiencing a surge in financing activities, with IPOs and large transactions exceeding $6 billion for three consecutive months, indicating a shift in market dynamics amid high valuations and slowing profits [11].

Group 1: Trade Tariffs and Agreements - The U.S. President Trump announced a range of tariffs from 25% to 40% on imports from several countries, including significant rates for Southeast Asian nations like 20% for the Philippines and 40% for Myanmar [1] - The trade agreement with Vietnam contrasts sharply with the tariffs imposed on other countries, highlighting a disparity in U.S. trade policy [2][25] - Vietnam's response to U.S. tariffs included a commitment to zero tariffs on U.S. imports and significant purchases of U.S. goods, indicating a strategic compromise under pressure [9][15] Group 2: Vietnam's Strategic Considerations - Vietnam's negotiations reflect a balancing act between U.S. and Chinese influences, as it relies heavily on both for exports and imports [10] - The country faces competition from other developing nations, necessitating a favorable tariff rate to maintain its position as a manufacturing hub [12] - Vietnam's domestic reforms are crucial for maintaining economic growth, especially in light of potential tariff impacts on its economy [14] Group 3: Short-term Gains vs. Long-term Risks - The trade agreement may provide short-term benefits by reducing tariffs from 46% to 20%, enhancing Vietnam's competitiveness in the U.S. market [15][16] - However, the long-term implications include potential over-reliance on U.S. markets and the risk of domestic industries being overwhelmed by American competition [21][22] - Vietnam's early concessions could undermine regional solidarity within ASEAN, affecting its standing and influence among Southeast Asian nations [22][23] Group 4: Broader Implications of U.S. Trade Policy - Other countries may not follow Vietnam's lead in compromising with the U.S. due to lower dependency on the American market, allowing them more negotiating leverage [26] - Growing dissatisfaction with U.S. trade tactics could push countries towards alternative partnerships, indicating a shift in global trade dynamics [27] - The Vietnam-U.S. trade agreement may not serve as a model for other nations, as the unique circumstances surrounding Vietnam's negotiations differ significantly from those of its neighbors [24]