Core Insights - The area of artificial grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has increased by 2.4 times from 1988 to 2021, with significant growth observed in Qinghai Province [1][2] - The study highlights the ecological impact of the rapid development of artificial grasslands as a response to the degradation of natural grasslands due to climate change and human activities [1] Summary by Sections - **Artificial Grassland Expansion**: By 2021, there are 1.57 million hectares of artificial grassland in Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region, with Qinghai accounting for 70% and Tibet for approximately 30% [2] - **Geographical Distribution**: Artificial grasslands in Qinghai are concentrated around favorable water and heat conditions, particularly around Qinghai Lake, Qilian Mountains, Hainan Prefecture, and Huangnan Prefecture. In contrast, those in Tibet are more dispersed, found in northern and southeastern Tibet, as well as river basins like the Yarlung Tsangpo and Lhasa rivers [2] - **Research Methodology**: The research utilized a random forest binary classification model with a high overall accuracy of 97% for mapping artificial grasslands, based on satellite remote sensing data collected over 34 years [1] - **Future Research Directions**: The study indicates a need for further scientific evaluation of the ecological and environmental effects resulting from the transition of natural grasslands to artificial grasslands, as existing statistical data may not fully align with remote sensing data [2] - **Theoretical Support for Development**: The findings provide essential spatial distribution information of artificial grasslands, supporting ecological protection and high-quality development of grassland livestock farming in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [2]

Core Insights - A new edible protein-based coating developed by a research team at Shaanxi Normal University significantly extends the shelf life of fruits, reducing food waste and supply chain losses [1][5][6] Group 1: Coating Development - The coating, named ALP, can extend the shelf life of whole fruits at room temperature by 2 to 5 times, and fresh-cut fruits can last up to 10 days under refrigeration [1][5] - The coating is made from a synthetic protein amyloid aggregate that adheres strongly to fruit surfaces, blocking oxygen and slowing down the fruit's metabolism while retaining moisture [3][4] Group 2: Performance and Testing - Comprehensive tests on 17 types of common fruits showed that the ALP coating significantly improves preservation, with strawberries lasting 10 days at 23°C compared to just 2 days without the coating [5][6] - Even under high temperatures, the ALP coating maintains its effectiveness, extending the shelf life of mangoes and strawberries by several days [6] Group 3: Environmental and Economic Impact - The ALP coating is made from entirely natural and edible materials, ensuring safety for human consumption and environmental sustainability [6] - The cost of preserving fruits with the ALP coating is estimated at only 0.65 yuan per kilogram, with potential for further cost reductions as production scales up [6]

Group 1 - The article discusses the phenomenon where people prefer emotional support from humans over AI, despite AI's ability to generate empathetic responses [2][3] - A study involving over 6,000 participants revealed that individuals rated responses higher when they believed they were from humans rather than AI, even when the content was identical [2][4] - The concept of "empathy skepticism" is introduced, indicating that people find it hard to believe that machines can truly understand human emotions [3][4] Group 2 - The research highlights the limitations of AI in providing emotional support, suggesting that future AI systems should focus on user perception and trust [4][5] - A new company, Hume AI, is mentioned for developing an emotionally intelligent conversational AI capable of detecting 53 different emotions, raising concerns about the potential misuse of AI in manipulating human emotions [5] - The article suggests a future where AI could enhance human empathy rather than replace it, potentially aiding professionals like therapists or providing companionship to lonely individuals [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the establishment of a new undergraduate program in Artificial Intelligence Education at Beijing Normal University, aimed at cultivating interdisciplinary talents who possess both AI technical skills and educational practice abilities to address the shortage of AI educators in primary and secondary schools [1][4][6] - The program is part of a broader initiative by the Ministry of Education to enhance AI education in schools, responding to the rapid transformation brought by AI across various sectors, including education [2][4] - The curriculum includes two main modules: AI technology and education, designed to create a "double helix" course structure that integrates both fields [4][5] Group 2 - The AI technology module covers cutting-edge areas such as generative AI, machine learning, natural language processing, and educational data mining, while the education module includes foundational courses in educational theory, learning science, and educational psychology [5] - The program adopts a "triple helix" model of education involving universities, enterprises, and primary/secondary schools, providing students with real teaching scenarios and internship opportunities [5][6] - Graduates of the program will have diverse career opportunities, including roles as teachers for AI and information technology courses, product managers in the educational technology sector, and researchers in the intersection of AI and education [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and recent supportive measures for the application of innovative drugs, particularly CAR-T and ADC therapies, highlighting the issues of high costs and accessibility for patients [1]. Group 1: Pricing of Innovative Drugs - The high cost of innovative drugs, such as CAR-T priced at 1.29 million yuan per injection, poses a significant burden on patients [2]. - To reduce R&D costs, policies have been introduced to streamline clinical trial approvals, aiming for a 30-day review period for certain innovative drugs [2]. - The integration of AI and big data in drug development is being promoted to enhance efficiency and lower costs [2]. Group 2: Accessibility in Hospitals - Patients have reported difficulties in accessing innovative drugs even when they are covered by insurance, due to various considerations by medical institutions [4]. - Measures have been proposed to facilitate the entry of innovative drugs into designated medical institutions, addressing the complexity of their administration [4]. - The establishment of a trading platform for innovative drugs is suggested to improve accessibility for patients [4]. Group 3: Sustainable Development of Innovative Drugs - Some innovative drugs are conditionally approved, requiring further clinical trials post-approval to validate their safety and efficacy [5]. - There is a need for real-world evidence to support the clinical use of innovative drugs, which will enhance public confidence and regulatory oversight [6]. - The collaboration between the National Medical Insurance Administration and the National Health Commission aims to promote the evaluation of innovative drugs' effectiveness in real-world settings [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant contributions of He Jiali, a pioneer in relay protection in China's power industry, as he celebrates his 100th birthday, emphasizing his lifelong commitment to education and innovation in the field [1][5]. Group 1: Contributions to Relay Protection - He Jiali played a crucial role in establishing the relay protection discipline in China, addressing a critical gap in the education system at the time [2]. - In 1955, He Jiali successfully developed a directional differential protection device for the Sichuan Shizitan Hydropower Station, overcoming a significant technical challenge and ensuring the station's timely operation [3]. - His innovations continued over the decades, including a 1964 improvement for 330kV ultra-high voltage transmission line protection and a 2009 development for 1000kV ultra-high voltage lines, showcasing his ongoing contributions to the field [3]. Group 2: Educational Impact - He Jiali emphasized the importance of nurturing talent alongside research, believing that education is vital for the advancement of the relay protection discipline [4]. - He established the "Power Research and Training Center" at Tianjin University in 1997, personally training over 2,000 technicians to adapt to advancements in computer and communication technologies [4]. - His dedication to education is reflected in his efforts to support students financially through the "Beiyang Scholarship," demonstrating his commitment to fostering future generations in the field [4].

Core Viewpoint - The 12th World High-Speed Rail Conference was held in Beijing, marking a significant milestone in the development of high-speed rail in China, which has achieved remarkable progress over the past 15 years [1][2]. Group 1: Achievements in High-Speed Rail - By 2024, China's high-speed rail operating mileage is expected to reach 48,000 kilometers, accounting for over 70% of the world's total high-speed rail mileage [1]. - China has the longest high-speed rail operating mileage, the fastest commercial operating speed, and the highest level of operational network accessibility globally [1]. - The "Four Vertical and Four Horizontal" high-speed rail network has been completed, and the "Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal" main corridors are being further developed [1]. - Major high-speed rail projects include the 1,318-kilometer Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, the 928-kilometer Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail, and the 172-kilometer Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed rail, which is the world's first intelligent high-speed rail [1][2]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - China has transitioned from importing technology to achieving complete independent innovation in high-speed rail, mastering core technologies in construction, equipment manufacturing, and operation management [2]. - A comprehensive high-speed rail technology system has been established, including the successful construction of major bridges and tunnels [2]. - The Fuxing bullet train, developed independently, symbolizes China's speed, quality, and manufacturing capabilities [2]. Group 3: International Cooperation and Standards - China has developed and standardized all 13 international railway union standards in the high-speed rail sector, enhancing global technical standards [2]. - Projects like the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail, which reduces travel time from over 3 hours to 46 minutes, exemplify China's technological export [2]. - The Belgrade-Budapest railway has facilitated travel for approximately 11 million passengers in over three years, improving connectivity for local populations [2]. Group 4: Future Development - Future developments in China's high-speed rail will focus on safety, speed, intelligence, comfort, and sustainability [3]. - The initiative aims to contribute to the high-quality co-construction of the Belt and Road, promoting infrastructure connectivity and shared development outcomes globally [3].

儿茶素属于类黄酮家族，是茶叶中含量最高的多酚类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗炎及心血管保护等功效。 然而，部分人群对茶叶中含有的咖啡碱、茶碱较为敏感，无法通过饮茶获取儿茶素。 原标题：富含儿茶素的水稻问世 记者7月4日从海南大学获悉，该校南繁学院（三亚南繁研究院）热带作物代谢生物学团队成功培育出胚 乳富集儿茶素的水稻新材料——茶稻，为功能型谷物的开发提供了新思路。相关成果近期发表在国际期 刊《植物生物技术杂志》上。 团队负责人罗杰介绍，水稻胚乳中天然缺乏儿茶素，但基于其强大的生物活性，研究团队提出了通过组 织特异性代谢工程改造水稻的思路，即利用参与儿茶素生物合成途径的酶，开发胚乳富含儿茶素的功能 型水稻。具体而言，研究团队通过创新性整合茶树及其他外源植物的关键功能基因，并结合胚乳特异性 表达技术，成功在水稻胚乳中构建了儿茶素的生物合成通路。实验数据显示，改造后的水稻胚乳中检测 到表儿茶素、儿茶素等多种组分，其抗氧化活性较对照品种提升显著。 据悉，该研究突破了水稻胚乳中黄酮类物质积累的技术瓶颈，不仅为开发儿茶素强化型功能谷物提供了 实践范例，也为类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇等其他高附加值天然产物在农作物中的定向合成提供了通用技 ...

研究团队通过正向遗传筛选，成功鉴定出PGSL1，它是一种具有热稳定性的微丝结合蛋白。研究人员发 现，PGSL1通过稳定高温下的花粉管微丝骨架动态，以及调控花粉管顶端囊泡的分布与运输，维持花粉 活力和花粉管正常生长。 "本研究不仅揭示了高温胁迫下花粉管微丝骨架的调控机制，还为在植物中鉴定和发掘新的微丝结合蛋 白提供了新方法和新思路。同时，该研究也为深入理解植物应对气候变化的适应策略提供了新的视角与 理论支撑。"钱东说。（记者颉满斌 通讯员余若怡） 高温胁迫会对作物生长发育的各个阶段产生重要影响，其中花粉发育、花粉萌发及花粉管生长对高温尤 其敏感。作为细胞形态建成和胞内物质运输的重要结构基础，肌动蛋白细胞骨架及其结合蛋白在花粉萌 发和花粉管生长过程中发挥着关键作用，但其在高温胁迫下的功能仍有待深入研究。 红海海绵素B是一种具有高亲和力且能特异性结合单体肌动蛋白的化合物，可有效抑制肌动蛋白聚合为 肌动蛋白丝。"因此，利用红海海绵素B抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长的表型，进行正向遗传筛选，是鉴 定植物中新的或特有的肌动蛋白结合蛋白的有效手段。"团队主要成员、兰州大学生命科学学院教授钱 东介绍。 原标题：高温胁迫下花粉和花粉 ...

Core Points - The "New Youth Global Competence Cultivation and Development Bay Area Research Center" has been established at Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) to cultivate interdisciplinary engineering talents with both hard and soft skills [1][2] - The center aims to build an international standard curriculum system and foster national-level teaching achievement awards, creating a three-in-one international talent training system [1] - The center will enhance collaboration with international organizations, top global universities, and enterprises to create a new international education landscape linked to the AI era [1] Group 1 - The establishment of the research center is seen as a significant step towards deepening communication and cooperation between the university and various stakeholders [1] - Global competence is viewed as a crucial asset for youth development, and universities are encouraged to leverage internationalization strategies to broaden students' global perspectives [1][2] Group 2 - The Shenzhen Municipal Foreign Affairs Office emphasizes the importance of cultivating youth with global competence as a key initiative to support national diplomatic strategies and promote a community with a shared future for mankind [2] - The university plans to transform the consensus reached at the seminar into effective educational practices to contribute to the cultivation of outstanding international talents [2]