Core Viewpoint - The National Financial Regulatory Administration announced support for qualified commercial banks to establish Financial Asset Investment Companies (AICs), highlighting the growing importance of AICs in the financial sector [1]. Group 1: Overview of Financial Asset Investment Companies (AICs) - As of now, there are five AICs in China, which are: 1. ICBC Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd. (工银投资) 2. CCB Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd. (建信投资) 3. ABC Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd. (农银投资) 4. BOC Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd. (中银投资) 5. Bank of Communications Financial Asset Investment Co., Ltd. (交银投资) [1]. Group 2: Financial Data of AICs - The financial data for the five AICs is as follows: - ICBC Investment: - Registered Capital: 270 million - Total Assets: 1,838.91 billion - Net Profit: 48.57 million [2]. - CCB Investment: - Registered Capital: 270 million - Total Assets: 1,286.51 billion - Net Profit: 35.31 million [2]. - ABC Investment: - Registered Capital: 200 million - Total Assets: 1,250.44 billion - Net Profit: 39.17 million [2]. - BOC Investment: - Registered Capital: 145 million - Total Assets: 935.92 billion - Net Profit: 36.80 million [2]. - Bank of Communications Investment: - Registered Capital: 150 million - Total Assets: 715.34 billion - Net Profit: 24.29 million [2]. Group 3: Organizational Structure of AICs - ICBC Investment has 15 departments, including investment, risk compliance, and internal audit, along with a subsidiary, ICBC Capital [2]. - CCB Investment consists of 13 departments, including research and development, energy investment, and a subsidiary, CCB Jin Investment Private Fund Management [4][5]. - ABC Investment has 16 departments, including various investment teams focused on different sectors and a subsidiary, ABC Capital Management [8]. - BOC Investment comprises 10 departments, including investment management and a subsidiary, BOC Asset Fund Company [11]. - Bank of Communications Investment has 10 departments, including multiple investment teams and a subsidiary, Bank of Communications Capital Management [14].

Group 1: Total Assets and Structure - The total assets of the 12 national joint-stock banks exceed 15 trillion yuan, with two banks surpassing 10 trillion yuan and five banks between 5 trillion and 10 trillion yuan [2][3] - China Merchants Bank leads with total assets of 12.15 trillion yuan, followed by Industrial Bank at 10.51 trillion yuan [2][3] - All banks showed positive growth in total assets compared to the end of 2023, with China Merchants Bank having the highest growth rate of 10.19% [2][3] - Loans constitute the majority of total assets, with CITIC Bank having the highest loan-to-asset ratio at 60.01% [2][3] Group 2: Liabilities and Structure - The ranking of total liabilities mirrors that of total assets, with deposits being the primary source of liabilities for the banks [4][5] - China Merchants Bank has the highest deposit-to-liability ratio at 83.31%, indicating strong deposit-raising capability [4][5] - Four banks, including Industrial Bank and Minsheng Bank, have deposit ratios below 60%, with Huaxia Bank having the lowest at 53.64% [4][5] Group 3: Operating Income and Structure - China Merchants Bank reported operating income of 337.49 billion yuan, the highest among the banks, surpassing even the state-owned Bank of Communications [7][8] - Six banks experienced negative growth in operating income, with Ping An Bank showing the largest decline at 10.93% [8][10] - Net interest income remains the primary source of revenue, with Hengfeng Bank having the highest proportion of net interest income to operating income at 80.55% [8][10] Group 4: Net Profit Analysis - China Merchants Bank achieved a net profit of 149.56 billion yuan, the largest among the banks, nearly double that of the second-ranked Industrial Bank [14][15] - Four banks, including Minsheng and Guangfa, reported negative growth in net profit, with Minsheng Bank experiencing the largest decline at 9.07% [15][17] Group 5: Net Interest Margin and Quality - All banks reported a net interest margin below 2%, with China Merchants Bank having the highest at 1.98% [18][19] - The non-performing loan ratio for China Merchants Bank is the lowest at 0.95%, while Bohai Bank has the highest at 1.76% [19][20] - Provision coverage ratio for China Merchants Bank is significantly higher at 411.98%, compared to the second-highest, Ping An Bank, at 250.71% [19][20]

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai Bank has shown a recovery in operating income and net profit growth in 2024, primarily driven by investment income, despite challenges in net interest income and asset quality [4][9]. Group 1: Business Overview - Shanghai Bank was established in 1996 and was renamed in 1998, with its shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2016 [1]. - The bank has expanded its operations beyond Shanghai to regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim, and Central and Western China [1]. - As of the end of 2024, the loan balance in Shanghai accounted for 48.02% of the total, with the Yangtze River Delta (excluding Shanghai) at 30.25% and the Pearl River Delta at 12.07% [1]. Group 2: Financial Performance - By the end of 2024, Shanghai Bank's total assets reached 3.23 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.57% [4]. - The bank achieved operating income of 52.986 billion yuan, up 4.79% year-on-year, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 23.560 billion yuan, an increase of 4.50% [4]. - Despite the growth, the operating income in 2024 was still below the 53.112 billion yuan recorded in 2021 [4]. Group 3: Income Structure - The growth in operating income and profit in 2024 was mainly supported by a significant increase in investment income, which reached 13.166 billion yuan, a substantial year-on-year growth of 94.42% [9]. - Since 2021, net interest income and net fee and commission income have both experienced negative growth [9]. Group 4: Interest Margin and Income - In 2024, Shanghai Bank's net interest margin was 1.17%, a decrease of 17 basis points from 2023, which is relatively low compared to other major city commercial banks [11]. - The bank's interest income for 2024 was 32.486 billion yuan, accounting for 61.31% of operating income, which is a decline of 8.23 percentage points from 2023 [11]. Group 5: Asset Quality - As of the end of 2024, Shanghai Bank's non-performing loan (NPL) ratio was 1.18%, a decrease of 3 basis points from the end of 2023, with a provision coverage ratio of 269.81%, down 2.85 percentage points [15]. - The proportion of special mention loans was 2.06%, and the overdue loan ratio was 1.72%, both higher than the NPL ratio, indicating ongoing asset quality pressure [17]. - The bank's loan structure is predominantly corporate loans, which helps in controlling asset quality, as the corporate loan NPL ratio was 1.37%, lower than the personal loan NPL ratio of 1.14% [20][18].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the financial performance and ownership structure of Guangfa Bank, highlighting its declining revenue and profit, as well as its asset quality compared to other banks in the industry [1][3][16]. Ownership Structure - Guangfa Bank's largest shareholder is China Life Insurance Co., Ltd., holding 43.69% of the shares as of the end of 2024, followed by CITIC Trust with 14.14% [1][2]. - The top ten shareholders collectively hold 90.048% of the bank's shares, indicating a concentrated ownership structure [2]. Financial Performance - As of the end of 2024, Guangfa Bank's total assets reached 3.64 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.86%, but its operating income decreased by 0.63% to 69.237 billion yuan, and net profit attributable to shareholders fell by 4.58% to 15.284 billion yuan [3][7]. - The bank's operating income has shown a declining trend over the past five years, with net profit also decreasing in 2022 and 2024 [3][7]. Comparison with Peers - Guangfa Bank's total assets, operating income, and net profit are lower than those of several city commercial banks, including Beijing Bank and Jiangsu Bank [7][8]. - The bank ranks 9th among 12 joint-stock banks in terms of asset size, operating income, and net profit [8]. Interest Margin and Income - The net interest margin for Guangfa Bank in 2024 was 1.54%, a decrease of 6 basis points from 2023, reflecting a continuous decline over the past five years [10][12]. - Interest income fell by 2.78% year-on-year to 49.651 billion yuan, marking a significant decline of 21.00% from 2020 [10][12]. Asset Quality - As of the end of 2024, Guangfa Bank's non-performing loan (NPL) ratio was 1.53%, a slight decrease of 5 basis points from the previous year, but still higher than the 1.41% recorded in 2021 [16][18]. - The bank's provision coverage ratio for non-performing loans was 165.58%, indicating relative stability in asset quality [16][18]. - The bank faces significant asset quality pressures, with a high proportion of loans under special attention and overdue loans compared to the NPL ratio [21][24].

Core Viewpoint - The six major banks in China have shown mixed performance in terms of total assets, operating income, net profit, net interest margin, non-performing loan ratio, and provision coverage ratio as of the first quarter of 2025, indicating varying levels of growth and challenges across the sector [1][3][5][7][9][11]. Total Assets - As of March 2025, the total assets of the six major banks reached 208.13 trillion yuan, a growth of 4.23% compared to the end of 2024 [1]. - The ranking by total assets is as follows: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) at 51.55 trillion yuan, Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) and China Construction Bank (CCB) both over 40 trillion yuan, Bank of China (BOC) at 35.99 trillion yuan, Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) at 17.69 trillion yuan, and Bank of Communications (BoCom) at 15.29 trillion yuan [1]. - ICBC and CCB had asset growth rates exceeding 5%, while BoCom had the slowest growth rate at 2.61% [1]. Operating Income - In the first quarter of 2025, the six major banks collectively achieved operating income of 910.18 billion yuan [3]. - The ranking by operating income is ICBC at 212.77 billion yuan, followed by CCB, ABC, and BOC all exceeding 150 billion yuan, PSBC at 89.36 billion yuan, and BoCom at 66.37 billion yuan [3]. - Only BOC and ABC experienced positive year-on-year growth in operating income, with BOC's growth rate at 2.56%, while the other four banks saw declines, with CCB experiencing the largest drop at -5.40% [3]. Net Profit - The total net profit for the six major banks in the first quarter of 2025 was 350.19 billion yuan [5]. - The ranking by net profit is ICBC and CCB both exceeding 80 billion yuan, with PSBC and BoCom around 25 billion yuan, and PSBC's net profit just 2.57 billion yuan less than BoCom's [5]. - Except for ABC and BoCom, the other four banks saw year-on-year declines in net profit, with ICBC experiencing the largest decrease at -3.81% [5]. Net Interest Margin - The net interest margin for the six major banks continued to decline in the first quarter, with PSBC having the highest margin at 1.71%, down 16 basis points from the full year of 2024, while BoCom's margin was only 1.23% [7]. Non-Performing Loan Ratio - As of March 2025, all banks except PSBC saw a decrease or stability in their non-performing loan ratios compared to the end of 2024, while PSBC's ratio increased by 1 basis point [9]. - In absolute terms, PSBC had the lowest non-performing loan ratio among the six banks at 0.91%, which is less than 70% of the other five banks [9]. Provision Coverage Ratio - As of March 2025, the provision coverage ratios for four of the six banks decreased compared to the end of 2024, except for ICBC and CCB [11]. - In absolute terms, ABC had the highest provision coverage ratio at 297.81%, followed by PSBC at 266.13%, while BOC's ratio fell below 200% to 197.97% [11].

阿里巴巴创始人马云先生曾批判中国的银行有 "当铺思维"，即银行业在提供贷款时过度依赖抵押 和担保，与古代的当铺类似，并提出"我们必须改掉金融的当铺思想，依靠信用体系"。 此话虽然偏颇，但也在一定程度上指出了当前银行业过度依赖担保的现实。 本文结合工农中建交邮六家国有大型商业银行（以下简称 " 六大行 "） 2024 年年报，来看看哪家 银行"当铺思维"最严重。 从 " 六大行 " 2024 年年报看，各家银行的 信用类贷款占比均低于 50% ，贷款主要依赖担保措施， 也就是说确实 普遍存在所谓的"当铺思维" 。其中建设银行信用贷款占比最高，为 45.41% ； 农业银行 占比也超过 40% ，达到 42.23% ；其他四家信用贷款占比均低于 40% ；邮储银行信用贷款占比最低， 仅为 28.59% 。 抵押贷款方面各家银行占比均超过 30% ，而邮储银行则是高达 46.99% 。 由此可见， 邮储银行的贷款担保方式对抵押依赖最为严重，也就是所谓的 "当铺思维"最浓 。 2023 年末的情况也基本如此。 那么各类担保方式的风险情况如何，是否有了抵押资产质量就会相对较好呢？ "六大行"没有公布各类担保方式的 不良 ...

1995 年国务院下发《关于组建城市合作银行的通知》。 1996 年，在原南京 39 家城市信用合作社 及信用联社的基础上成立了南京城市合作银行。 1998 年 5 月更名为南京市商业银行， 2001 年和 2005 年分别引入 国际金融公司 和 法国巴黎银行 入股， 2006 年更名为南京银行，并于 2007 年在上海证券交 易所上市，股票代码是 601009 。 截至目前，南京银行在江苏下辖 13 个地级市均设有分行， 2023 年实现江苏省县域网点全覆盖 。 南京银行还在 北京、上海和杭州 各有 1 家异地分行。此外南京银行还拥有 南银理财有限责任公司 100% 股份， 鑫元基金管理有限公司 80% 股权， 南银法巴消费金融有限公司 56% 股份，并入股 江苏金 融租赁有限公司 （ 21.09% ）、 日照银行 （ 20% ）两家公司，还在江苏宜兴、昆山和安徽芜湖持股 3 家村镇银行。 一、规模增速强劲，债券银行特色明显 | 单位:亿元 | 总资产 | | 营业收入 | | 归母净和润 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 金额 | 増速 ...

与自身相比，江苏银行 总资产增速创近五年新高 ，营业收入和归母净利润增速虽不是近五年最 高，但 依然处于 10% 左右高速增长 。 江苏银行是 2007 年 1 月份在江苏省内无锡、苏州、常州、南通、淮安、徐州、镇江、扬州、盐城 和连云港 10 市的城商行合并重组而成的城市商业银行（基本把除南京以外的城市商业银行进行了合 并，南京有自己的上市城商行——南京银行）。 2016 年 8 月 2 日在上交所上市（ 600919 ）， 2020 年 入选全国 9 家系统重要性银行之一。 江苏银行下辖 17 家分行 （江苏省内 13 个地级市均设有一级分行） 和 苏银金融租赁股份有限公司 、 苏银理财有限责任公司 、 苏银凯基消费金融有限公司、江苏丹阳苏银村镇银行有限责任公司 4 家子 公司 。江苏银行业务 实现江苏省内县域全覆盖， 并拓展到 长三角 （设有上海分行和杭州分行） 、珠 三角 （设有深圳分行）和 环渤海 （设有北京分行） 三大经济圈。 但江苏地区仍是其最大的经营地 区。 2024 年末江苏地区贷款余额占全部贷款余额的 86.13% 。 | 地区 | 2024年末 | | 2023年末 | | | --- ...

杭州银行前身是 1996 年由杭州市 33 家城市信用社股东、信用联社股东及杭州市财政局等股东共同 发 起设立的 杭州城市联合银行 ， 1998 年更名为杭州银行， 2016 年 10 月在上交所上市，股票代码为 600926 。 杭州银行主要业务分布在浙江省杭州市以及浙江省其他市县，坚持做精杭州、深耕浙江，同时积极 拓展长三角区域及国内一线城市业务。 2024 年杭州银行的营业收入中有 79.58% 来自浙江省 ，其中 来自杭州的占比 58.36% ；营业利润 中有 79.36% 来自浙江省 ， 来自杭州的有 57.01% 。除对浙江省内各地级市业务全覆盖外，杭州银行还 在 北京、上海、深圳、南京和合肥 5 地设有分行。 此外，杭州银行拥有 杭银理财有限责任公司 （ 2019 年设立） 100% 股权，持有 杭银消费金融股 份有限公司 42.95% 股份，持有 石嘴山银行股份有限公司 18.39% 股份，另在河南济源、登封、兰考、 伊川、渑池和浙江缙云等地持有 村镇银行 的股份。 截至 2024 年末杭州银行集团共有员工人数 14409 人。 一、高速增长依旧，规模超部分股份行 截至 2024 年末，杭州银 ...

北京银行前身是由原北京 90 家城市信用社于 1996 年初组建而成的北京城市合作银行股份有限公 司， 1998 年更 名为 北京市商业银行股份有限公司 ， 2004 年正式更名为北京银行股份有限公司。 2005 年，北京银行引入外资战略投资者 荷兰国际集团 （ ING BANK N.V ）成为第一大股东， 2007 年在上交所 上市，股票代码为 601169 。 北京银行经营网络已经覆盖除北京外的，天津、石家庄、济南、青岛、上海、南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、深圳、 南昌、长沙、西安、乌鲁木齐等全国十余个中心城市，在香港特别行政区、荷兰设有代表处。但作为城市商业银行， 北京银行业务仍主要集中在北京及周边地区。 2024 年，京津冀及环渤海地区的营业收入、利润总额分别占全部收入和利润总额的 77.05% 和 85.66% 。 | 地区 | 营业收入 | 利润总额 | 资产总额 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 京津冀及环渤海地区 | 53,874 | 24,365 | 3,078,348 | | 长三角地区 | 6,936 | 1,675 | 636,718 | | 其他地区 | 9,10 ...