Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Northwest A&F University highlights that long-term climate warming significantly reduces global soil microbial richness, emphasizing the urgent need for strategies to protect soil microbial communities to mitigate climate change risks [4][8]. Summary by Sections Research Findings - The study analyzed 2,786 observational data points globally, revealing that soil microbial diversity and abundance consistently decline with increasing climate warming and average annual temperature [7]. - Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, long-term warming (≥5 years) is expected to reduce global soil microbial abundance by 7%-9%, indicating that even moderate long-term warming can adversely affect soil microbial diversity and functionality [7][12]. Importance of Healthy Soil - Healthy soil is crucial for food production and climate stability, with soil microbes driving key processes such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage [5][6]. - The research underscores that understanding and protecting soil microbes is vital not only for scientific inquiry but also for food security, sustainable land use, and overall planetary health [6][8]. Implications of Climate Change - The findings suggest that climate change may erode the biological foundation of soil, threatening essential ecosystem services that humanity relies on [8]. - The negative impact of climate warming on soil microbial abundance is more pronounced in warmer regions, with specific changes in microbial community composition, such as a reduction in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and an increase in nitrite-reducing bacteria [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a significant advancement in the recycling of polyurethane plastics through the development of a highly active urethanase enzyme, Ab PURase, which can nearly completely degrade commercial polyurethane materials in just 8 hours, highlighting the potential of AI in identifying effective biocatalysts for industrial applications [2][6]. Group 1: Research Development - The research team from Beijing University of Chemical Technology and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published a paper in Science on October 30, 2025, focusing on the development of a framework called GRASE (GNN-based Recommendation of Active and Stable Enzyme) for screening enzymes with potential activity [2][4]. - GRASE combines self-supervised and supervised learning to identify efficient and glycolysis-compatible urethanases, addressing the challenges posed by the difficult-to-degrade chemical bonds in polyurethanes [4][6]. Group 2: Enzyme Characteristics - Ab PURase, derived from Alicyclobacillus sp., exhibits an activity level 465 times higher than known urethanases in a 6 molar diethylene glycol solution, enabling nearly complete depolymerization of kilogram-scale commercial polyurethane within 8 hours [5]. - Structural analysis indicates that the enzyme's stability and efficiency in harsh solvents are likely due to its tightly packed hydrophobic core and a Lid Loop structure stabilized by proline [5]. Group 3: Industrial Implications - This research marks the first successful large-scale biological depolymerization of polyurethane under industrial conditions, providing a new, efficient, and sustainable pathway for the green recycling of polyurethane plastics [6]. - The findings underscore the significant potential of artificial intelligence in accelerating the discovery of biocatalysts with industrial application potential [6].

Core Insights - The article highlights the recognition of Nobel Prize winners in various fields and emphasizes the significance of the journal "Scientific Reports" in publishing their research contributions [1][2][26] Group 1: Nobel Prize Winners - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discovery of immune cells that prevent the body from attacking its own tissues [8][10] - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their work demonstrating quantum physics on a macroscopic scale, which underpins advanced quantum computing [16][18] - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Shin Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi for their pioneering work in creating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that can capture and store molecules like carbon dioxide [21][23] Group 2: Scientific Reports Journal - "Scientific Reports" is a multidisciplinary open-access journal under Nature Portfolio, known for its rigorous peer review and high visibility in the academic community [2][6] - The journal serves as a platform for groundbreaking research that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries, covering fields such as natural sciences, psychology, medicine, and engineering [2][6] - According to Clarivate's 2024 Journal Citation Reports, "Scientific Reports" ranks third globally in citation volume among academic journals [2] Group 3: Research Contributions - Shimon Sakaguchi has published two significant papers in "Scientific Reports," one focusing on the roles of Gsdmd and Ripk3 in autoimmune arthritis, indicating that these molecules are not essential for IL-1β production or the progression of the disease [10][11] - John Martinis published a paper on resolving defect positions in superconducting quantum bits, which is crucial for improving the quality of quantum circuits [18] - Omar Yaghi's research on the adsorption enthalpy of water-stable zeolites and MOFs highlights the importance of understanding interactions in porous materials for applications in energy storage and water resource management [23][24]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in organoid technology, particularly the development of a single-chain antibody (scTS2/16) that enhances organoid growth in defined matrices, paving the way for standardized and clinically applicable organoid cultures [3][19]. Group 1: Organoid Technology Overview - Organoids are miniaturized, self-organizing tissue models that can be cultured in vitro, providing powerful tools for drug development, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine [2]. - The reliance on Matrigel, a mouse-derived matrix, poses significant limitations due to its unclear chemical composition and batch-to-batch variability, hindering the translational application of organoids [2][6]. Group 2: Research Breakthrough - A study published by Hans Clevers in Nature Biotechnology introduced scTS2/16, a single-chain derivative of an integrin-activating antibody that significantly enhances organoid growth in both Matrigel and collagen hydrogels [3]. - The research indicates that scTS2/16 can increase the yield of gastrointestinal organoids by up to 5 times in traditional matrices and 6-7 times in defined collagen hydrogels [14]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The mechanism behind scTS2/16's effectiveness lies in its ability to maintain integrin β1 in an active state, enhancing the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix [16][17]. - The study confirmed that scTS2/16 specifically enhances the interaction between integrins and collagen, facilitating better organoid growth [17]. Group 4: Clinical Application Potential - The research highlights the potential for scTS2/16 to be used in clinical applications due to its controllable quality and compatibility with existing clinical-grade collagen products [19]. - The versatility of scTS2/16 allows for its use in both 3D hydrogel cultures and 2D platforms, making it suitable for high-throughput drug screening [19].

Core Insights - The study identifies multiple members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, specifically LRP1, LRP4, and VLDLR, as key receptors for the entry of the yellow fever virus (YFV) into human cells [2][6] - The research demonstrates that the soluble LRP4-Fc bait receptor can effectively neutralize YFV infection and reduce viral load in vivo [5][6] - The findings suggest that targeting LDLR family members could be significant for developing therapeutic strategies against YFV and other emerging viruses in the Orthoflavivirus genus [6] Summary by Sections - **Research Findings**: The study published in Nature reveals that LRP4 is a candidate receptor for YFV, and its knockout inhibits YFV infection, while its expression enhances it [5] - **Mechanism of Action**: LRP4 interacts with the viral envelope protein, facilitating YFV entry into cells. Other LDLR family members, LRP1 and VLDLR, also mediate YFV entry [5][6] - **Implications for Treatment**: The research indicates that LRP1-Fc, LRP4-Fc, and VLDLR-Fc bait proteins can protect mice from YFV and reduce liver damage, highlighting their potential in therapeutic applications [6]

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights a novel approach to reduce CO2 emissions in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for olefins production by introducing trace levels of halogen compounds, specifically bromomethane, into the iron-based catalytic system, achieving near-zero CO2 generation and high selectivity for olefins [2][3][5]. Group 1 - The study demonstrates that adding 20 ppm of bromomethane (CH3Br) to the iron carbide catalyst can reduce CO2 selectivity to below 1% while increasing olefin selectivity to approximately 85% among all carbon products [5]. - The halogen's surface interaction with iron active sites inhibits pathways that lead to CO2 generation and olefin hydrogenation, thus enhancing carbon efficiency in the synthesis process [3][5]. - This "halogen regulation" strategy offers a simple, scalable, and widely applicable method for carbon-efficient syngas conversion [6]. Group 2 - Another concurrent study from Tsinghua University developed a sodium-modified FeCx@Fe3O4 core-shell catalyst that couples water-gas shift and syngas to olefins synthesis, achieving high olefin selectivity and hydrocarbon yield while reducing CO2 emissions and water by-products [7]. - Both studies utilize iron-based catalysts to generate olefins from syngas with significantly lower CO2 emissions through different strategies [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a significant breakthrough in the conversion of syngas to olefins, focusing on a newly developed sodium-modified FeC x @Fe 3 O 4 core-shell catalyst that enhances hydrogen atom economy (HAE) and reduces environmental impact [2][3][7]. Group 1: Research Development - The research introduces a catalyst that combines water-gas shift (WGS) and syngas to olefins (STO) reactions, addressing the low HAE caused by water by converting it back to hydrogen [3][5]. - Under conditions of 623 K and 2 MPa, the catalyst achieves a CO conversion rate of approximately 95%, olefin selectivity exceeding 75%, and a hydrocarbon yield of 33% over a 500-hour test period [5]. Group 2: Environmental Impact - The new WGS-STO coupling route significantly reduces steam consumption, wastewater generation, and CO2 emissions, lowering the overall environmental impact by 46% compared to the traditional WGS-MTO route [7]. - The HAE of the new catalyst ranges from approximately 66% to 86%, which is substantially higher than the 43% to 47% achieved by conventional methods [5][7]. Group 3: Comparative Studies - The article also mentions concurrent research from Peking University and the Shanxi Coal Chemistry Research Institute, which achieved near-zero CO2 emissions and high olefin selectivity using a different strategy involving bromomethane in iron-based catalytic systems [8][10].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), identifying four distinct subtypes through AI-driven analysis, which can significantly enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment options for affected women [2][3][6]. Summary by Sections Study Overview - A research team led by Chen Zijiang from Shandong University published a study in Nature Medicine, collaborating with 11 international teams, focusing on the clinical outcomes associated with different PCOS subtypes [2][3]. Identification of Subtypes - The study identified four PCOS subtypes: 1. High Androgen PCOS (HA-PCOS) 2. Obesity PCOS (OB-PCOS) 3. High SHBG PCOS (SHBG-PCOS) 4. High LH/AMH PCOS (LH-PCOS) - This classification was based on nine clinical indicators derived from a large dataset of 11,908 PCOS patients [3][7][9]. Clinical Implications - The research revealed significant differences in reproductive and metabolic outcomes among the identified subtypes, providing evidence for more personalized treatment approaches [3][10]. - The study highlighted that women with PCOS are three times more likely to be obese and have a fourfold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes before age 40 [5]. Tools for Clinical Application - The research team developed two practical tools, PcosX and a WeChat mini-program for subtype prediction, aimed at facilitating the application of their findings in clinical settings [12]. Longitudinal Findings - A 6.5-year follow-up showed varying reproductive and metabolic trajectories among the subtypes, with HA-PCOS patients experiencing the highest mid-pregnancy loss risk and OB-PCOS patients facing the most severe metabolic complications [10][11]. Validation of Findings - The subtypes demonstrated strong validation across diverse populations, indicating the robustness and applicability of the new classification system [9].

Core Insights - The study reveals that m6A modification regulates LTR silencing through an L1PA RNA-mediated transcriptional regulatory network, limiting the totipotency of naive human embryonic stem cells [3][5] - The research highlights the molecular connection between RNA modifications and chromatin remodeling [3] Group 1: Key Findings - METTL3 deficiency allows naive human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to regain totipotency, activating the 8-cell transcriptional program [5][6] - Removal of m6A modification on L1PA activates 8-cell LTRs and induces naive hESCs into an 8-cell-like state [6] - m6A regulates the recruitment preferences of EP300 and KAP1 in the L1PA scaffold complex [6] Group 2: Mechanistic Insights - L1PA interacts with 8-cell LTRs and eRNA sites, forming different chromatin states through m6A [6] - The study uncovers a conserved mechanism where species-specific LINE-1 subfamily m6A modifications regulate LTR activity, emphasizing the role of transposons in RNA-chromatin interactions during cell fate transitions [9]

10 月 29 日 ， 马克斯·普朗克物质结构与动力学研究所 Guo Chunyu 作为第一作者兼共同通讯作 者，在 Nature 期刊发表了题为： Many-body interference in kagome crystals （ kagome 晶体中的多体干涉现象 ） 的研究论文 【2】 。 | | | 10 月 29 日，中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所 | （岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心） | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄三文 | | 院士、南京农业大学植物保护学院/农林生物安全全国重点实验室 | 董莎萌 | | | 教授作为共同通讯作者 | | （ | 王路遥 | 、 李宏博 、 | 柯宇航 为 共同第一作者 | | | ） | | ，在 | | Nature 期刊发表了题为： | Plug-in Strategy for Resistance Engineering Inspired by Potato | | | | | NLRome | | （ 受马铃薯 NLR 基因组启发的抗性工程插件策略 | ...