转自：云南日报 云南在全国率先出台《生态保护补偿条例》省级配套政策。近日，省政府印发《云南省〈生态保护补偿 条例〉实施细则》，通过构建涵盖财政纵向补偿、地区间横向补偿和市场机制补偿的多元化生态保护补 偿体系，筑牢我国西南生态安全屏障，加快发展方式绿色转型，规范生态保护补偿行为。 《实施细则》共6章30条，包括总则、财政纵向补偿、地区间横向补偿、市场机制补偿、保障与监督管 理、附则，是云南立足自身生态地位和责任，推动绿色发展、促进共同富裕的重要制度创新，将各地在 生态保护补偿方面的实践经验制度化、规范化，为全省深化生态文明建设排头兵提供有力制度支撑，对 加快经济社会全面绿色转型具有深远意义。 生态保护补偿是指通过财政纵向补偿、地区间横向补偿、市场机制补偿等机制，对按照规定或者约定开 展生态保护的单位和个人予以补偿的激励性制度安排，可以采取资金补偿、对口协作、产业转移、人才 培训、共建园区、购买生态产品和服务等多种补偿方式。 在财政纵向补偿方面，《实施细则》提出，对开展重要生态环境要素保护以及在重点生态功能区、生态 保护红线、自然保护地等区域开展生态保护的单位和个人予以补偿。省级财政部门将统筹中央转移支 付，加大 ...

中新社北京1月4日电 (记者阮煜琳)4日发布的《中国生态保护补偿政策发展报告(2025)》称，"十五五"期 间，预计中国将保持每年不低于2000亿元(人民币，下同)的生态补偿资金投入规模，并向重点生态功能 区和生态脆弱地区倾斜。 报告称，"十五五"期间中国将鼓励地方财政探索将补偿资金与生态产品产出、碳汇增量等指标挂钩。对 国家公园、生态保护红线等生态功能重要区域分区分类实施差异化的生态补偿标准，支持生态功能重要 区域探索多元化补偿方式。 该报告由生态环境部环境规划院生态环境补偿研究中心编制完成。生态保护补偿有效提升了生态保护整 体效益，中国建成了世界上覆盖范围最广、受益人口最多、投入力度最大的生态保护补偿机制。 展望"十五五"，报告认为，中国将加快建立长江、黄河干流统一的横向生态保护补偿机制，逐步覆盖长 江、黄河等重点流域干流及其重要支流，并拓展至大气、固废危废等其他具有外溢性的生态环境要素。 绿色金融将深度赋能生态补偿项目，绿色贷款余额有望突破50万亿元。(完) 2024年，《生态保护补偿条例》(下称《条例》)出台，中国成为全球首个针对生态保护补偿全面立法的 国家。报告称，《条例》实施以来，多地在财政纵向补 ...

央视网消息（焦点访谈）："共抓大保护、不搞大开发"——2016年1月5日，习近平总书记在重庆主持召开推动长江经济带发展座谈会，首次系统提出这 一重大理念。十年，只是历史的一瞬，但对长江来说，却是一场蜕变。十年来，沿线11省市坚决贯彻这一重要指示，统筹生态保护与高质量发展，如今，一 江碧水奔流不息，长江正焕发前所未有的生机与活力。从今天（1月4日）开始，《焦点访谈》推出系列报道"新时代长江之歌"，聚焦十年变化，探索未来高 质量发展之路。今天的节目，首先关注：共抓大保护，先建"大生态"，在新发展理念指引下，万里长江如何焕了新颜。 新年临近，工作人员在长江上游的岷江支流进行年度最后一次科学捕捞。工作人员通过定时定点捕捞，调查长江上游水生生物多样性的动态变化。他们发 现，原来罕见的保护鱼类越来越频繁地出现了。 长江鲟是国家一级保护动物，与长江江豚、中华鲟并称为长江三大旗舰生物。但是这个长江特有的珍稀物种，却一度被世界自然保护联盟宣布为野外灭绝， 其原因令人深省。 四川省水产研究所长江上游珍稀鱼类保护中心副主任汪斌："在过去的几十年里，受高强度的人类活动和水质污染等综合因素影响，长江鲟面临着严峻的生 存危机，这个种群走 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report emphasizes the acceleration of new growth momentum in China's economy through enhanced fiscal policies, support for innovation, and investment in key industries, while ensuring the stability of employment and market expectations [1][3]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth - The fiscal policy is increasingly proactive, focusing on stabilizing employment, businesses, and market expectations, while promoting economic recovery [3][4]. - A total of 300 billion yuan in special bonds is allocated to support the replacement of consumer goods, which is expected to stimulate significant retail sales [4][15]. - The central government plans to increase its technology funding to 398.12 billion yuan in 2025, a 10% increase from the previous year, focusing on core technology and strategic industries [5][21]. Group 2: Investment and Consumption - The government aims to enhance domestic demand by boosting consumption and effective investment, with a focus on key sectors and weak links [13][16]. - The issuance of special bonds has accelerated, with 5.55 billion yuan issued in the first half of the year, completing 42.7% of the annual target [16]. - The manufacturing sector is expected to see a 10.3% increase in industrial investment, driven by government support for technological upgrades [17]. Group 3: Employment and Social Welfare - The central government allocated 667.4 billion yuan for employment support, with 6.95 million new urban jobs created in the first half of the year [27][28]. - Education spending increased by 5.9% to 2.15 trillion yuan, with a focus on improving quality and access to education [29][30]. - Basic public health service funding reached 804.35 billion yuan, enhancing health management and disease prevention efforts [32][33]. Group 4: Risk Management and Financial Stability - The government is implementing measures to mitigate financial risks, including the management of local government debt and the promotion of real estate market stability [7][9]. - A comprehensive approach to fiscal management is being adopted, including reforms in tax systems and budget execution to ensure effective use of resources [7][12]. Group 5: Innovation and Technology - The report highlights the importance of integrating technological innovation with industrial development, with a focus on enhancing research capabilities and supporting key technology projects [20][21]. - Funding for basic research is set to increase by 12.1%, emphasizing the need for original innovation and support for research institutions [21][22]. Group 6: Environmental and Social Development - The government is committed to ecological protection and sustainable development, with significant funding allocated for pollution control and ecosystem restoration [38][39]. - Social welfare programs are being expanded, with increased support for vulnerable populations and efforts to improve living standards [34][35].

Core Points - The regulation aims to strengthen the protection of the Miyun Reservoir water source and promote green development in the Miyun Reservoir basin [2] - The regulation applies to the Miyun Reservoir and its upstream rivers, including the Chao River and Bai River, covering specific administrative regions in Beijing and Hebei Province [3] - The protection efforts should align with national policies, emphasizing priority in protection, coordinated development, and improvement of people's livelihoods [3] Group 1 - The local governments of Beijing and Hebei are responsible for coordinating the protection efforts and addressing major issues [4] - A comprehensive plan for water source protection will be jointly developed by the governments of Beijing and Hebei, outlining objectives, tasks, and measures [5] - Local governments must consider water source protection needs in land use planning and ensure that industrial structures align with ecological requirements [6][7] Group 2 - Local governments are required to implement strict water usage controls and monitor water pollution sources in the Miyun Reservoir basin [9][10] - Prohibitions include the establishment of livestock breeding areas and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in sensitive zones [6][12] - Measures for ecological restoration and pollution reduction will be undertaken, including the construction of sewage treatment facilities and waste management systems [8][11] Group 3 - The regulation establishes a monitoring network for water quality and quantity, with shared information mechanisms among local governments [18] - Joint law enforcement efforts will be promoted to ensure compliance with water source protection regulations [14] - Financial support and incentives will be provided to encourage green development in the Miyun Reservoir basin [15][16] Group 4 - Violations of the regulations will result in penalties, including fines and potential criminal charges for severe infractions [17][27] - The regulation will take effect on December 1, 2025, establishing a framework for ongoing water source protection efforts [29]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a beautiful China is positioned as a key goal in the modernization of the socialist state and is essential for the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation [3][4]. Group 1: Importance of Building a Beautiful China - Building a beautiful China is a significant strategic deployment by the central leadership, focusing on harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and responding to the people's aspirations for a better life [4]. - The commitment to ecological priority is essential for achieving modernization that harmonizes human and natural relationships [5]. - A good ecological environment is fundamental for sustainable development, and the central government has prioritized ecological civilization since the 18th National Congress [4][5]. Group 2: Progress and Achievements - Since the 18th National Congress, significant progress has been made in ecological protection and restoration, with policies and actions being implemented effectively [8]. - The green industry transformation is accelerating, with coal consumption projected to decrease to 53.2% by 2024, a reduction of over 15 percentage points since 2012 [8]. - The national forest coverage rate is expected to exceed 25% by the end of 2024, surpassing the targets set for the 14th Five-Year Plan [9]. Group 3: Ecological Protection and Compensation - The establishment of a comprehensive ecological protection compensation mechanism has been a major achievement, with over 200 billion yuan allocated for ecological protection compensation by 2024 [9]. - More than half of the forests and grasslands in the country are now included in the compensation scope, with 30 cross-provincial ecological compensation mechanisms established [9]. - The introduction of market-based ecological protection compensation funds aims to enhance the effectiveness of ecological protection efforts [11][12]. Group 4: Future Directions - The focus will be on promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, with an emphasis on energy conservation and carbon reduction [10]. - The development of a circular economy and resource recycling systems will be prioritized to improve resource utilization efficiency [10]. - Major ecological projects will be advanced, emphasizing integrated protection and systematic governance of natural ecosystems [11].

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a beautiful China is positioned as a key goal in the modernization of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation, emphasizing ecological civilization and sustainable development [1][2][3]. Group 1: Importance of Ecological Civilization - The construction of a beautiful China is a strategic deployment by the central government to achieve harmony between humans and nature, responding to the people's aspirations for a better life [1][2]. - The emphasis on ecological protection is seen as essential for sustainable social development, with a commitment to prioritize ecological civilization in national work [2][3]. Group 2: Green Development and High-Quality Growth - The integration of high-quality development with high-level ecological protection is crucial, with a focus on treating ecological protection as a form of productivity [3][4]. - The need for a unified national approach to green development is highlighted, with support for key regions to prioritize ecological protection and high-quality ecological products [3][4]. Group 3: Progress in Ecological Protection - Significant advancements have been made in ecological protection and restoration projects, with millions of acres of land being reforested and desertified land being treated [6]. - The establishment of a comprehensive ecological protection compensation mechanism has been initiated, with substantial funding allocated for ecological protection [7]. Group 4: Economic and Resource Management - The acceleration of green industry transformation is underway, with specific action plans for energy-intensive industries aimed at reducing coal consumption and improving energy efficiency [5][8]. - The development of a circular economy is being promoted, with a focus on resource recycling and water conservation, achieving high rates of resource reuse [5][8]. Group 5: Future Directions and Policies - The implementation of the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations aims to enhance the legal effectiveness of ecological compensation and explore market-based funding mechanisms [9]. - The promotion of high-quality ecological industry development is emphasized, with a focus on innovative compensation methods and the integration of ecological protection with economic growth [9].

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a beautiful China is positioned as a prominent goal in the modernization of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation, emphasizing ecological civilization as a key component of the Chinese Dream [1][2]. Group 1: Importance of Ecological Civilization - The construction of a beautiful China is a strategic deployment by the central government to achieve harmony between humans and nature, responding to the people's aspirations for a better life [2][3]. - The emphasis on ecological protection is seen as essential for sustainable social development, with a commitment to prioritize ecological civilization in national work [2][4]. Group 2: Green Development and High-Quality Growth - The integration of ecological protection with economic development is crucial, with the idea that protecting the environment equates to protecting productivity [3][5]. - The government aims to optimize land use, promote green and low-carbon development, and ensure that ecological protection supports high-quality economic growth [3][6]. Group 3: Public Welfare and Environmental Justice - A good ecological environment is viewed as a fundamental public good and a vital aspect of people's well-being, with increasing demand for clean water and air [4][5]. - The government is committed to addressing environmental equity and enhancing public engagement in ecological protection efforts [4][6]. Group 4: Progress and Achievements - Since the 18th National Congress, significant progress has been made in ecological protection, with policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting resource recycling [5][6]. - Major ecological projects have been implemented, resulting in increased forest coverage and improved water quality in key regions [6][7]. Group 5: Future Directions - The government plans to continue promoting green transformation across all sectors, focusing on energy conservation and carbon reduction [7][8]. - There is an emphasis on establishing a market-oriented ecological compensation system to incentivize ecological protection and sustainable development [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a joint initiative by ten departments, including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, to boost agricultural product consumption through a comprehensive implementation plan featuring 23 specific measures aimed at transforming rural natural resources into economic value and enhancing market activity [1] Group 1: Key Strategies - Continuous market development is essential, focusing on increasing market awareness among rural residents and guiding farmers to engage in ecological agricultural production that meets market standards [2] - Scientific management and development should align supply with the demand for green and organic agricultural products, exploring rural tourism and cultural resources to create diverse revenue streams [2] - Effective government support is crucial, involving policy backing for rural ecological product value realization and improving infrastructure to enhance the investment environment [2] Group 2: Mechanisms for Benefit Distribution - Establishing a benefit-sharing mechanism for farmers involved in ecological protection, ensuring that environmental protectors are rewarded and users pay for resources [3] - Creating a mechanism for farmers to gain from the scientific management of ecological products, encouraging them to invest in natural resources for shared profits [3] - Developing a multi-tiered distribution system for ecological product value, ensuring that initial distributions prioritize farmers' interests and subsequent distributions support environmental restoration and community welfare [4] Group 3: Value Enhancement and Capital Flow - Implementing a mechanism for the valuation of ecological products, incorporating costs related to natural resource management and environmental restoration to ensure product value retention [5] - Promoting the circulation of rural natural resources and attracting social capital to enhance farmers' cash flow through market-oriented ecological protection compensation mechanisms [5] Group 4: Focus Areas for Development - Establishing a negative list for agricultural industry access to regulate development practices and ensure sustainable agricultural practices [7] - Strengthening traditional agricultural upgrades by integrating ecological planting and breeding, and promoting eco-circular agriculture [7] - Building a public brand for ecological products to enhance recognition and marketability, while ensuring environmentally friendly production practices [8]

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Further Improving the Horizontal Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism" by the Ministry of Finance and other departments signifies a commitment to enhance ecological protection and promote high-quality development in river basins, addressing existing challenges in the compensation mechanism [1][2]. Group 1: Current Status and Challenges - 24 provinces in China have established cross-province ecological protection compensation mechanisms, but issues such as insufficient coordination, weak legal guarantees, and lack of social participation hinder the effectiveness of these mechanisms [1]. - The compensation process is not merely a financial transfer; it requires a unified governance system that integrates monitoring, law enforcement, and emergency response to ensure scientific and fair compensation agreements [1]. Group 2: Legal and Regulatory Framework - The existing ecological protection compensation regulations rely heavily on negotiations between local governments, which, while flexible, lack rigid constraints. There is a need for detailed regulations to clarify compensation standards, fund management, and the responsibilities of upstream and downstream local governments [2]. - Establishing clear rules and legal responsibilities is essential for ensuring that policies are effectively implemented and enforced [2]. Group 3: Engaging Social and Market Forces - The current reliance on government financial transfers for river basin protection limits the involvement of enterprises, social organizations, and the public. Innovative mechanisms are needed to mobilize market and social forces for ecological protection [2]. - Strategies such as enhancing the value realization of ecological products, promoting market transactions (e.g., carbon credits, water rights), and establishing green development funds can attract capital to eco-friendly industries [2]. - Expanding public participation and fostering a societal consensus on the value of ecology are crucial for sustaining long-term engagement in ecological protection efforts [2].