教育部：统筹用好中央预算内投资和超长期特别国债，支持高校持续改善办学条件 金十数据6月10日讯，教育部发展规划司司长郭鹏表示，在高等教育领域，今年"双一流"高校本科扩 招，对于刚参加完高考的同学来说是一个利好消息。下一步，将着力从三方面推动高等教育提质扩容。 一是"改善条件"，统筹用好中央预算内投资和超长期特别国债，支持高校持续改善办学条件。二是"优 化结构"，推动新增高等教育资源适度向中西部人口大省倾斜。支持布局新型研究型大学和高水平中外 合作办学。三是"产教融合"，引导高校面向经济社会发展需要完善学科专业设置调整机制，强化行业企 业实践培养，增强学生就业创业能力。 （中国网） ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government plans to issue 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special bonds by 2025, with 800 billion yuan allocated to support major strategic projects and key areas, including soil pollution remediation [1] Group 1: Current Issues in Soil Remediation Bond Application - There are significant issues in the application process for soil remediation projects, including insufficient preliminary planning and a lack of a dynamic project database [2] - Many local governments do not prioritize the identification of contaminated sites, leading to rushed applications and inadequate understanding of key information [2] - The selection of remediation projects often lacks precision and deviates from national policy guidance, resulting in weaker competitiveness [2] - Delays in essential procedures such as project approval and environmental assessments increase risks and compliance issues [2] Group 2: Quality of Application Materials - The quality of application materials for soil remediation projects is often low, with missing key elements and insufficient justification [3] - Performance targets are frequently vague, lacking quantifiable metrics such as remediation area and pollutant reduction [3] - Long-term monitoring and management considerations are often neglected, leading to a "one-time fix" mentality [3] - Coordination among various departments involved in the application process is inadequate, resulting in insufficient preparation of project materials [3] Group 3: Recommendations for Improving Application Quality - It is recommended to enhance preliminary planning and establish a project reserve system to improve application quality [4] - Local governments should prioritize selecting contaminated sites that align with national policy and focus on areas with severe pollution [4] - Establishing a departmental coordination mechanism is crucial for expediting the application process and ensuring timely approvals [5] Group 4: Enhancing Material Quality and Comprehensive Benefit Analysis - Improving the quality of application materials involves establishing a scientific quantitative indicator system for performance targets [5] - Comprehensive benefit analysis should quantify environmental, economic, and social impacts, emphasizing the importance of food security and urban renewal [6] - A long-term management mechanism should be established to ensure project sustainability, including funding and responsibility frameworks [6] Group 5: Professional Support and Organizational Assurance - Forming expert advisory teams can provide technical support for improving application quality [7] - High-level leadership and a structured reporting mechanism are essential for addressing challenges in the application process [6]

本文字数：981，阅读时长大约2分钟 2025.06. 09 作者 | 第一 财经 陈益刊 近期，一些消费者反映当地国家补贴无法领取引起了外界的广泛关注。恰逢"618"大促期间，消费 者担心，今年国补已经结束，后续不能再享受相关优惠。 笔者了解到，今年中央财政明确国补资金额度为3000亿元（不含地方部分），其中1620亿元已下达 至各省市，剩余1380亿元尚未下达，由此看来今年国补并未结束，大多数省份国补优惠活动也在正 常运行。 一些地方官员告诉笔者，有些地方无法领取国家补贴，一部分原因是少数省份对一些品类消费品暂停 了国补，属于正常的政策调整；还有一些省份由于消费者购物热情高涨，申报国补额度超过了当地政 府获得的现有额度，因此暂停国补，等待上级下达新一批国补额度。 为了提振消费，国务院去年下半年拿出1500亿元超长期特别国债资金，直接补贴消费者来推动家 电、汽车等以旧换新，消费者称之为国补。由于政策效果不错，今年国补资金额度提升至3000亿 元，补贴范围也扩大至手机等产品。 部分省份也可以统筹国补资金额度，适当回收一些国补资金闲置地区的额度，将其分配至国补资金使 用较快、管理较好的地区。在不同品类国补资金额 ...

今年1月和4月，两批共1620亿元用于国补的特别国债资金已经下达到地方。为了用好这笔资金，地方早 早启动今年国补活动，叠加商家促销活动，消费者热情高涨，致使一些省份国补资金额度申报进度很 快，甚至超过了当地获得的国补资金额度，客观上导致国补额度暂停或限流。 4月底的中共中央政治局会议提出，要加紧实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，用好用足更加积极的财政政 策和适度宽松的货币政策。加快地方政府专项债券、超长期特别国债等发行使用。基于国补资金基本来 自于中央财政发行的超长期特别国债，笔者建议，可加快发行超长期特别国债进度，并及时下达地方， 尤其是向国补资金短缺、使用管理效果明显的地区倾斜，以弥补地方国补资金缺口，稳定市场预期。 部分省份也可以统筹国补资金额度，适当回收一些国补资金闲置地区的额度，将其分配至国补资金使用 较快、管理较好的地区。在不同品类国补资金额度中，也可以优化额度分配，将更多额度分配至消费者 需求最大的品类。 今年消费品以旧换新额度方面，中央财政拿出3000亿元，地方整体配套拿出300亿元。相关部门可以视 后续国补资金使用情况、市场需求、经济形势、资金安全管理现状等，提前储备增发超长期特别国债， 增加国补 ...

"可享受国家补贴""国补再减15%"……如今，无论是线上店铺，还是线下卖场，百姓在购买消费品时， 都可常见这些标语。 去年以来，我国持续实施消费品以旧换新政策，实打实的"真金白银"惠及消费者，激发消费活力。这 些"国补"资金是如何抵达消费者的？ 今年以来，财政等相关部门加快推进超长期特别国债的发行使用。截至目前，2025年超长期特别国债已 下达两批到地方，共计1620亿元。 从地方来看，各省份根据中央资金分配情况按比例安排配套资金，强化资金保障，优化资金管理。 "山东多措并举，多渠道筹措资金，认真落实地方15%的配套要求，切实提升对消费品以旧换新的资金 保障能力。"山东省财政厅有关处室负责人说。 这位负责人介绍，在省级层面的资金分配上，综合考虑常住人口、地区生产总值、汽车保有量等因素， 合理确定对各市支持资金规模，向人口多、经济活跃、消费潜力大的地区倾斜。 图为位于山东省泰安市的三源家电线下卖场里展示的"国补"政策。新华社记者申铖 摄 资金从哪来？ 根据去年和今年的政府工作报告及相关部署，实施消费品以旧换新政策的相关资金来自财政资金，中央 和地方都有"出资"。 具体来看，家电以旧换新、汽车报废更新等领域补贴资 ...

Core Points - The "Two Heavy" construction initiative involves issuing ultra-long-term special government bonds to support major national strategies and key areas of security capability building [3][5] - The initiative is a significant decision made by the central government, focusing on strategic, forward-looking, and comprehensive development [3][4] - It aims to address urgent development needs that cannot be solved by conventional means, particularly in cross-regional and cross-basin projects [3][5] Group 1: Infrastructure Development - Major airport expansion projects are underway along the Yangtze River, including in Chongqing, Changsha, Hefei, and Shanghai, to enhance airport layout in the economic belt [1] - High-speed rail construction is also progressing, significantly reducing travel times between cities such as Chengdu, Chongqing, and Shanghai [1] - In Shenzhen, the initiative will support the addition of over 49,000 childcare spots by 2024 to address the shortage of early childhood education resources [1] Group 2: Environmental and Agricultural Initiatives - The "Two Heavy" funds are supporting the "Three Norths" project, which includes comprehensive desertification control, afforestation, and grassland improvement across nearly 40 million acres [1][3] - The initiative also focuses on water resource allocation projects in Guangxi to enhance agricultural irrigation and food security [3] Group 3: Economic and Social Impact - The initiative is expected to allocate 700 billion yuan in ultra-long-term special government bonds to support 1,465 projects in 2024, with nearly 500 billion yuan already arranged for this year [5] - It emphasizes both "hard investment" in infrastructure and "soft construction" in policy and institutional innovation [7][8] - The "Two Heavy" initiative is designed to benefit the public by improving transportation, education, and healthcare services in key urban areas [3][11]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the promotion of private enterprises through the implementation of the Private Enterprise Promotion Law, focusing on equal treatment, fair competition, and mutual development [1] - The government plans to launch high-quality projects in key sectors such as transportation, energy, water conservancy, new infrastructure, and urban infrastructure, with a total investment scale of approximately 3 trillion yuan [1] Group 2 - The new regulations prioritize private enterprises' participation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, allowing them to independently or predominantly hold stakes in market-oriented projects [2] - Private enterprises can participate in government investment projects through various mechanisms, including agency construction, mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises, urban renewal, and standardized factory construction [3][4][5][6] Group 3 - Private enterprises can engage in government-led industrial funds as limited or general partners, and participate in asset securitization of government-owned assets [7][8] - The issuance of ultra-long special government bonds is planned to support major strategic projects, allowing private enterprises to participate through investment or technical cooperation [9] Group 4 - Various provinces have released lists of major projects, with significant investment scales aimed at driving economic development and enhancing project quality [11] - Specific provincial investment plans include Beijing's 1.4 trillion yuan for key projects, Tianjin's 2.02 trillion yuan for 1,129 projects, and Guangdong's approximately 9.2 trillion yuan for 1,500 projects [13][14][20]

Group 1: "Two Major" Construction Projects - The "Two Major" construction projects focus on strategic implementation and key area safety capability enhancement, targeting technology self-reliance, urban-rural integration, regional coordination, high-quality population development, food security, energy resource security, and ecological safety [2][3] - In 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has allocated over 700 billion yuan in special long-term bonds for major projects, with nearly 500 billion yuan planned for 2025, supporting infrastructure along the Yangtze River, urban underground networks, and other significant projects [2] - Aiming for high-quality implementation, the NDRC plans to finalize the list of "Two Major" construction projects by the end of June, emphasizing both "hard investment" and "soft construction" to enhance project efficiency [3] Group 2: "Two New" Policies - The "Two New" policies involve large-scale equipment updates and consumer product exchanges, with the NDRC leveraging special long-term bond funds to accelerate these initiatives, which are crucial for boosting consumption, stabilizing investment, and improving livelihoods [4] - In April, retail sales of major household appliances and cultural products saw significant year-on-year growth, contributing to a 1.4 percentage point increase in total social retail sales [4] - Investment in equipment and tools rose by 18.2% year-on-year from January to April, with related manufacturing sectors also experiencing substantial growth [4][5] Group 3: Economic Performance and Outlook - Despite a complex external environment, China's economy shows stable growth, with retail sales reaching 16.2 trillion yuan in the first four months, a 4.7% year-on-year increase [6][7] - Manufacturing investment grew by 8.8%, and exports of lithium batteries and electric vehicles surged by 44.4% and 25.7%, respectively [7] - The NDRC is committed to implementing policies to stabilize employment and promote high-quality development, with most measures expected to be in place by the end of June [8]

Core Insights - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is establishing a mechanism for the direct and rapid enjoyment of funds from ultra-long-term special government bonds to support economic stability and growth amid external pressures [1][2] Group 1: Economic Stability and Growth - China's economy is demonstrating strong resilience and internal momentum, with key economic indicators such as industrial output, consumption, and investment showing stable growth despite external challenges [1] - As of May 5, sales in five major product categories, including automobiles and home appliances, contributed approximately 830 billion yuan to retail sales, indicating robust consumer activity [1][2] Group 2: Policy Implementation and Investment - The NDRC plans to accelerate the implementation of policies aimed at stabilizing employment and the economy, with most measures expected to be in place by the end of June [1] - In the first four months of the year, investment in equipment and tools increased by 18.2%, contributing 64.5% to overall investment growth [2] Group 3: "Two New" and "Two Heavy" Policies - The "Two New" policies are enhancing consumption and investment, with significant growth in retail sales of home appliances and office supplies, which increased by 38.8% and 33.5% year-on-year, respectively [2] - The "Two Heavy" projects focus on critical areas such as technological self-reliance and urban-rural integration, with plans to finalize the project list by the end of June [4][6] Group 4: Future Directions - The NDRC aims to improve the efficiency of fund utilization and streamline the subsidy application process to enhance consumer experience and reduce financial pressure on businesses [3] - Upcoming efforts will include a focus on both "hard investment" in infrastructure and "soft construction" to ensure effective project implementation and operation [5][6]

Core Points - The Chinese government is increasing financial support for key projects and policies, specifically enhancing funding for "Two New" and "Two Heavy" initiatives [1][4] - The People's Bank of China is raising the quota for re-loans aimed at technological innovation and equipment upgrades from 500 billion to 800 billion yuan [3][4] - The issuance of long-term special government bonds will continue, with 1.3 trillion yuan planned for 2025, allocating 800 billion yuan for "Two Heavy" projects and 500 billion yuan for "Two New" policies [4][5] Group 1: Financial Support and Re-loans - The government aims to support financial institutions in innovating financial tools and increasing medium to long-term loan issuance [1][2] - The re-loan mechanism is designed to optimize credit structure by allowing commercial banks to independently choose and bear risks while lending to enterprises [2][3] - As of March 2025, contracts for loans to technology enterprises and equipment upgrade projects have exceeded 1.4 trillion yuan [3] Group 2: Special Government Bonds - The issuance of special long-term government bonds is intended to support various infrastructure projects, including sewage systems and land restoration [4][5] - In 2024, 1 trillion yuan in special long-term bonds will be issued, with 700 billion yuan allocated for "Two Heavy" projects [4][5] - The government is committed to accelerating the implementation of these projects to stimulate investment and consumption [4][5] Group 3: Consumer Support and Credit - The government is expanding the scope of consumer subsidies for replacing old products, increasing the support fund to 300 billion yuan [7][8] - As of late April, significant numbers of vehicles and appliances have been replaced under the old-for-new policy, driving sales exceeding 720 billion yuan [7] - Financial institutions are enhancing consumer credit offerings, with personal consumption loans exceeding 1.8 trillion yuan, reflecting a proactive approach to support consumer spending [8]