Group 1 - The global central bank net gold purchases reached 20 tons in May, approaching but still below the 12-month average of 27 tons [12][13] - The geopolitical tensions in the Middle East are likely to enhance the strategic appeal of gold for central banks, as countries seek to bolster their reserves against geopolitical shocks [13] - A record 43% of central bank officials indicated they plan to increase their gold reserves in the next 12 months, up from 81% last year [13] Group 2 - International oil prices declined across the board on July 4, with WTI crude oil down 0.75% to $66.5 per barrel, while Brent crude oil fell 0.42% to $68.51 per barrel [4][7] - OPEC's oil production increased by 270,000 barrels per day in June compared to May, raising concerns about oversupply in the market [7] - Barclays raised its 2025 Brent crude oil price forecast to $72 per barrel, indicating an improvement in demand outlook [7] Group 3 - International precious metal futures saw slight gains on July 4, with COMEX gold futures rising 0.11% to $3346.5 per ounce, marking a weekly increase of 1.79% [9][11] - COMEX silver futures also rose by 0.14% to $37.135 per ounce, with a weekly increase of 2.1% [11]

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing geopolitical tensions, particularly in the Middle East, and political uncertainties from the French elections are driving up global geopolitical risk premiums, which supports the demand for gold as a safe-haven asset [1] Geopolitical Factors - The Israel-Lebanon tensions and the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict have not shown signs of easing, contributing to market anxiety [1] - Political uncertainty from the French parliamentary elections is putting pressure on European markets, further increasing the appeal of gold [1] Central Bank Actions - Strong demand for gold from global central banks, especially in emerging markets, is a long-term structural factor supporting gold prices [1] - The motivations for central banks to diversify foreign exchange reserves and hedge against geopolitical risks are expected to persist in the medium to long term [1] Interest Rate Expectations - Despite hawkish comments from Federal Reserve officials, the market still anticipates potential interest rate cuts within the year, which could lower the opportunity cost of holding gold [2] - A clear dovish signal from the Federal Reserve could act as a catalyst for gold price breakthroughs [2] Technical Analysis - The key resistance level for gold is between $2400 and $2450 per ounce, which has been tested multiple times without a successful breakthrough [3] - Strong support levels are identified at $2300 per ounce and between $2270-$2250 per ounce, indicating a bullish overall technical structure as long as prices remain above $2300 [3] - Monitoring momentum indicators like RSI and MACD near resistance levels is crucial to identify potential short-term pullback risks [3] Trading Insights - Analysts suggest that the medium-term outlook for gold remains positive due to multiple supportive factors, despite facing strong resistance in the historical high range [3] - A strategy of waiting for gold to effectively break and stabilize above $2450 could signal a strong bullish trend, with targets set at $2500 and above [3] - If gold encounters resistance again in the $2400-$2450 range, opportunities for buying near the $2300-$2350 support area should be considered, with appropriate stop-loss measures [3] Risk Management - The volatility near historical highs may increase, necessitating strict stop-loss settings and position control [4] - The combination of geopolitical risks, ongoing central bank gold purchases, and expectations for global monetary policy easing provides solid support for gold prices [4] - A breakthrough above the $2450 resistance could initiate a new upward trend, with $2500 as the next significant target [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential for gold prices to break through 1200 yuan per gram in the second half of the year, analyzing key factors and predictions for the market [1][18]. Current Price and Target Gap - As of July 2025, domestic gold jewelry prices range from 1000 to 1010 yuan per gram, with brands like Chow Sang Sang at 1000 yuan and Chow Tai Fook at 998 yuan [1]. - The current international gold price is 3320 USD per ounce (approximately 760 yuan per gram), indicating that a target price of 1200 yuan per gram requires a 20% increase, necessitating the international price to exceed 4500 USD per ounce [3]. Historical Comparison - The peak price for gold jewelry in April 2025 was 1082 yuan per gram (with international gold at 3500 USD per ounce) [3]. - To reach 1200 yuan, gold prices must surpass the historical peak by 11%, which is significantly higher than current market momentum [3]. Supporting Factors for Price Increase - A continued depreciation of the US dollar could stimulate short-term gold price increases if the dollar index falls below 90 (currently at 99.7) [3]. - Expectations of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve (potentially 100 basis points this year) could also support gold prices, although the implementation of such policies remains uncertain [3]. - Escalating geopolitical conflicts, such as renewed violence in the Middle East and increased trade tensions with the US, may drive demand for gold as a safe haven [4]. Central Bank Purchases - In 2024, global central banks purchased a net total of 1045 tons of gold, and if this trend continues at a rate of 1000 tons annually, it could provide long-term support for gold prices [5]. Core Constraints - The premium pressure on gold jewelry is significant, with processing fees exceeding 200 yuan per gram. If international prices do not rise, retail prices may struggle to surpass 1100 yuan [6]. - A strong technical resistance level exists at 3400 USD per ounce, and breaking through this requires robust fundamental support [7]. - Consumer sentiment is currently low, with many potential buyers waiting for prices to drop to around 600-700 yuan per gram [7]. Institutional Perspectives - There are differing views among institutions regarding gold price forecasts: - Bullish outlooks from Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan predict prices reaching 3700 USD (approximately 1120 yuan) by year-end and potentially challenging 4000 USD (around 1200 yuan) by 2026 [9]. - Bearish views from CITIC Securities and Citigroup suggest that if risk appetite declines and the dollar strengthens, prices could fall to 2500-2700 USD (approximately 600-650 yuan) [9]. - Neutral perspectives from Nanhua Futures expect prices to remain in the 1000-1100 yuan range with increased volatility but unlikely to break previous highs [9]. Conclusion - The likelihood of gold prices breaking 1200 yuan per gram in the near term is low, with a more probable scenario being a range of 1000-1100 yuan per gram through 2025, with the target of 1200 yuan potentially delayed until 2026 [10].

Group 1 - Goldman Sachs predicts gold prices could reach $3,700 per ounce by the end of 2025, supported by strong central bank purchases and emerging market demand [1][7] - Central banks are expected to maintain high gold purchase levels, with a notable example being 106 tons bought in February [1] - The probability of a U.S. recession in the next 12 months is assessed at 45%, which could lead to increased inflows into gold ETFs, potentially pushing prices to $3,880 [2] Group 2 - The Federal Reserve's anticipated interest rate cuts and a weakening dollar (with the dollar index at its lowest since 2022) are favorable for gold [3] - Geopolitical uncertainties, such as fluctuating tariffs and conflicts in the Middle East, are diminishing the credibility of the dollar and enhancing gold's safe-haven appeal [4] Group 3 - There is a significant divergence in institutional price targets for gold by the end of 2025, with Goldman Sachs at $3,700, UBS at $3,500, Citigroup at $2,500-$2,700, and Deutsche Bank at $3,400 [5] - Short-term volatility risks are present, as gold prices fell from $3,440 to $3,246 in June, with potential rebounds to the $3,200-$3,300 range if economic data exceeds expectations [5][6] Group 4 - The fundamental support for the $3,700 target remains intact, driven by central bank purchases, interest rate expectations, and geopolitical risks [7] - If the Federal Reserve cuts rates in September and central bank purchases remain above 80 tons per month, the likelihood of reaching the target increases significantly [8] Group 5 - Investors are advised to maintain a long-term allocation strategy, keeping gold assets to no more than 10% of total financial assets, and consider dollar-cost averaging into gold ETFs or bank gold bars [11] - Monitoring central bank gold purchase data and Federal Reserve policy developments is crucial, with September's rate cut being a key event [12] - Short-term strategies should focus on avoiding risks, as current gold prices are in a high volatility range of $3,240-$3,350, and non-professional investors should refrain from chasing price increases [13] Group 6 - The prediction of $3,700 by Goldman Sachs is a reasonable extrapolation based on current trends but is not guaranteed, requiring sustained central bank purchases, a Fed rate cut in September, and stable geopolitical conditions [14]

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs maintains a target price of $3,700 per ounce for gold by the end of 2025, driven by central bank gold purchases, economic recession risks, and weakening dollar credibility [1][3]. Group 1: Forecast Timeframe - Key timeframe for the target price is set for the end of 2025, with potential for earlier achievement if central bank purchases exceed expectations or if recession risks intensify, possibly reaching $3,810 to $3,880 [1]. - An extreme scenario predicts a mid-2026 price of $4,000 per ounce under conditions of strong central bank purchases and geopolitical tensions [2]. Group 2: Current Progress and Supporting Logic - Central banks exceeded expectations with a purchase of 106 tons in February 2025, significantly above historical averages, with emerging markets like China and India driving diversification of foreign reserves [3]. - Goldman Sachs assesses a 45% probability of a U.S. recession within the next 12 months, which could lead to increased inflows into gold ETFs, thereby boosting prices [3]. - Factors such as anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and geopolitical instability are diminishing the attractiveness of the dollar [3]. Group 3: Market Performance Validation - Gold prices surpassed $3,500 in April 2025 but retreated to $3,278 by the end of June, before rebounding above $3,320 in early July, indicating strong market support [4]. - Central bank purchases and investment demand, such as daily sales of bank gold bars exceeding 5 tons, provide long-term support for gold prices [5]. Group 4: Institutional Perspectives - Various institutions have differing target prices for gold by the end of 2025, with Goldman Sachs at $3,700, UBS at $3,500, Citigroup at $2,500-$2,700, and Deutsche Bank at $3,400, reflecting a range of views on market dynamics [8][9]. Group 5: Recommendations for Retail Investors - Investors are advised to monitor key indicators such as monthly central bank gold purchase data, with a sustained rate above 80 tons per month significantly increasing the likelihood of reaching the $3,700 target [9]. - The Federal Reserve's policy decisions, particularly a potential rate cut in September, could act as a catalyst for gold price breakthroughs [10].

Core Viewpoint - The potential for gold prices to reach $3,500 per ounce by the end of 2025 is supported by various market dynamics, institutional forecasts, and influencing factors [1][17]. Group 1: Factors Supporting Price Increase - Major investment banks, including Goldman Sachs and UBS, have raised their forecasts multiple times, predicting gold prices could reach $3,700 per ounce by the end of 2025, with a possibility of $4,000 by mid-2026 due to geopolitical risks, weakening dollar credit, and ongoing central bank purchases [1]. - The long-term upward cycle for gold remains intact, with significant support from central bank purchases, as global central banks have been net buyers for 16 consecutive years, adding 244 tons in Q1 2025 [2][5]. - Expectations of a Federal Reserve interest rate cut could further weaken the dollar, which has already fallen to its lowest level since March 2022, potentially boosting gold prices [3]. Group 2: Geopolitical and Structural Demand - Ongoing geopolitical risks, such as the fragility of Middle East ceasefire agreements and fluctuating U.S.-China tariff negotiations, may reignite safe-haven demand for gold [4]. - The structural demand for gold is reinforced by the fact that 95% of central banks plan to continue increasing their gold reserves over the next 12 months [5]. Group 3: Risks to Price Increase - Technical analysis indicates that if gold prices fall below $3,165 per ounce, a technical correction of 10-15% could occur, potentially bringing prices down to the $2,500-$2,700 range [6]. - Current gold prices are detached from actual production costs, indicating a risk of valuation correction due to high price levels [7]. - If strong non-farm payroll data or inflation rebounds occur, the Fed may delay interest rate cuts, which could suppress gold prices [8]. Group 4: Institutional Divergence - There is a divergence among institutions regarding gold price forecasts, with Goldman Sachs predicting $3,700, UBS over $3,500, while Citigroup warns of a potential drop to the $2,500-$2,700 range [11]. Group 5: Investor Strategy Recommendations - Investors are advised to maintain rationality amid short-term volatility and avoid chasing price movements, as gold prices are highly sensitive to policy changes [12]. - A recommended allocation for gold in household financial assets is between 5-10%, with a strategy of dollar-cost averaging into gold ETFs to mitigate timing risks [12]. - Key policy anchors to monitor include the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions and the political landscape surrounding U.S. elections [13].

Core Viewpoint - The gold price has seen a significant increase in the first half of 2025, driven by geopolitical tensions, a weakening dollar, and central bank purchases, with expectations for continued upward movement in the second half of the year [1][2]. Group 1: Gold Price Trends - In the first half of 2025, the London spot gold price rose by 25.7%, marking the largest semi-annual increase since the second half of 2007 [1]. - The international gold price reached a historical high of $3,500 per ounce in April 2025, followed by a period of fluctuation in May and June [1]. - Currently, gold prices are oscillating between $3,200 and $3,400 per ounce, with increasing market competition between bulls and bears [1]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Gold Prices - The decline in confidence in the US dollar, with a 10.7% drop in the dollar index in the first half of 2025, has provided strong support for rising gold prices [1]. - Geopolitical conflicts have heightened market risk aversion, maintaining high demand for gold as a safe-haven asset [1][2]. - Central banks globally have shown a strong demand for gold reserves, with a net purchase of 256 tons in the first four months of 2025 [2]. Group 3: Central Bank Activities - As of the end of May 2025, China's gold reserves stood at 7,383 million ounces (approximately 2,296.37 tons), reflecting a month-on-month increase of 6,000 ounces (about 1.86 tons) [2]. - A survey by the World Gold Council indicated that 95% of central banks expect to continue increasing their gold holdings over the next 12 months, with nearly 43% planning to add to their reserves within the year [2].

Group 1 - The traditional negative correlation between gold prices and real interest rates has weakened, leading to a new pricing framework for gold [1][3] - Prior to 2022, the relationship between gold prices and real interest rates was stable, with rising real rates leading to decreased demand for gold and vice versa [3] - Since 2022, gold prices have remained strong even in the context of significant increases in real interest rates, challenging the traditional pricing logic [3] Group 2 - Central bank gold purchases have become a significant driver of gold prices, with over 1000 tons bought in the past three years, double the average from 2010 to 2021 [4] - Concerns over the dominance of the US dollar and the need for diversified asset allocation have led to increased central bank demand for gold [4] - The uncertainty in the monetary system is reshaping gold's role as a store of value, with investors viewing it as a core asset to mitigate monetary risks rather than just an inflation hedge [4] Group 3 - The importance of gold as a diversification tool in investment portfolios has increased amid global economic uncertainty [4] - Institutional investors are beginning to see gold as a necessary long-term allocation rather than a short-term trading asset, providing ongoing support for gold prices [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complex market dynamics of gold prices following the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes, highlighting three distinct phases of price evolution after the last rate increase in July 2024. Group 1: Short-term Volatility Driven by Expectations - Prior to the July 2024 rate hike, gold prices fell from $2468 per ounce to $2380 per ounce, a decline of approximately 3.6% as the market had already priced in the rate increase [3] - Following the rate hike, if the Federal Reserve signals a dovish stance, gold may rebound quickly; for instance, after Chairman Powell indicated that inflation was under control, gold prices rose to $2420 per ounce within 48 hours, an increase of 1.7% [3] Group 2: Mid-term Dynamics of Real Interest Rates and the Dollar - After the rate hike, changes in real interest rates (nominal rates minus inflation expectations) become crucial; for example, in March 2025, the 10-year Treasury yield fell from 4.58% to 4.24%, leading to a 12.5% increase in gold prices from 905 yuan per gram to 1018 yuan per gram [4] - Conversely, if inflation expectations decline unexpectedly, rising real interest rates could suppress gold prices; in June 2025, gold prices fell from 1018 yuan per gram to 984 yuan per gram, a decrease of 3.3% due to an increase in core PCE inflation expectations to 3% [4] Group 3: Long-term Support from Structural Factors - Central bank gold purchases provide long-term support; in Q1 2025, net gold purchases by central banks reached 289 tons, a year-on-year increase of 62%, with China's gold reserves hitting a record high of 2292 tons [4] - Despite a temporary strengthening of the dollar index post-rate hike, central bank purchases supported a 19% annual increase in gold prices, significantly outperforming the commodity index [4] - Investors should monitor three key signals: the "critical point" of a shift in Federal Reserve policy (e.g., unemployment rate exceeding 4.5%), the correlation between geopolitical risk indices and gold ETF holdings (e.g., a 5-ton increase in gold ETF holdings during Middle East conflicts in June 2025), and the spillover effects of industrial policies like carbon tariffs on precious metals with industrial properties [4]

证券研究报告 | 2025年06月30日 相关研究报告 宏观经济专题研究 去美元化下的央行购金行为研究 去美元化下的储备资产重分配。（1）GDP 与货币国际地位的关联及例外 情况。理论上，各国 GDP 份额与外汇交易份额应呈相关性。但中国和美 国是明显例外，中国 GDP 占比 16.67%，外汇储备占比仅 2.29%；美国 GDP 占比 26.10%，外汇储备占比却达 58.42%，两国货币化水平均大幅偏离 经济地位。（2）金价与美元储备地位的关系。中长期看，金价与美元 储备地位高度相关，美元储备占比上升时金价往往下降，反之则上涨。 （3）央行购金行为的趋势。2022 年以来，各国央行黄金需求大增， 2011-2021 年央行年均黄金需求 509.1 吨，2022-2024 年平均达 1072.3 吨。2024 年各国央行持有的黄金储备接近布雷顿森林体系时代水平，按 市场价格计算，黄金成为全球第二大储备资产，仅次于美元。买入黄金 的央行主要是波兰、土耳其、印度和中国等新兴国家央行，2022 年后新 兴国家央行大幅增持黄金。 如何观测央行购金行为。（1）官方黄金储备数据的局限性。人民银行官 方黄金储备数据存在延 ...