Core Viewpoint - The cooling tower market is experiencing steady growth, driven by both traditional industry upgrades and emerging applications, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.39% from approximately $4.27 billion in 2024 to $7.46 billion by 2033 [1] Group 1: Market Demand and Structure - Cooling towers are essential heat dissipation facilities in energy and industrial systems, with stable market demand across various sectors including thermal power, petrochemicals, metallurgy, nuclear power, and data centers [1] - The global cooling tower market is expected to grow from approximately $4.27 billion in 2024 to $7.46 billion by 2033, indicating a CAGR of 6.39% [1] - The industry has a well-defined structure with clear divisions among upstream (electromechanical equipment, steel materials, chemical materials), midstream (cooling tower manufacturers), and downstream (heavy industries like petrochemicals and energy, as well as light industries like food and textiles) [1] Group 2: Technological Trends - The primary technology in cooling towers is wet cooling, which is efficient but has high water consumption; dry cooling is water-efficient but less effective; hybrid cooling towers balance efficiency and water usage, consuming about 20% of the water used by traditional wet towers [2] - The trend towards water conservation is accelerating the adoption of new cooling solutions [2] Group 3: Traditional and Emerging Applications - Traditional industries such as thermal power, petrochemicals, metallurgy, and nuclear power provide stable demand for cooling towers, with significant upgrades and renovations expected to drive further demand [3] - In the thermal power sector, the installed capacity is projected to reach 1,444 million kilowatts in 2024, accounting for 44% of the total, with upgrades driving cooling tower demand [3] - Emerging applications, particularly in data centers and nuclear power, are rapidly increasing demand for cooling towers, with data centers becoming essential for heat dissipation due to expanding computational power and liquid cooling solutions [3][4] Group 4: Data Center Growth and Liquid Cooling - The energy consumption of data centers is rising, with cooling systems accounting for about 40% of total energy use; by 2030, nearly 10 million edge computing nodes are expected to be deployed, increasing cooling demands [4] - Liquid cooling is becoming mainstream, enhancing the role of cooling towers in data center cooling systems, with the global data center cooling tower market projected to grow from $3.47 billion in 2024 to $6.78 billion by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 10.9% [4] Group 5: Nuclear Power Expansion - The expansion of nuclear power into inland areas is driving the need for upgraded cooling tower technologies that are water-saving, low-noise, and environmentally friendly [5] - Nuclear fusion research is accelerating the demand for cooling solutions, with significant energy release potential and a projected financing scale of $7.1 billion by 2024, indicating rapid industry expansion [5] - Cooling towers are critical components of cooling systems in nuclear fusion, with the market expected to grow significantly as the industry develops [5]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry and Company Overview - The conference call primarily discusses **Huawei** and its developments in the **data center** and **high-performance computing** sectors, particularly focusing on the **384 node system** and advancements in **liquid cooling** and **high voltage direct current (HVDC)** technologies. Core Insights and Arguments - **384 Node System**: The 384 node system is considered a transitional product with performance improvements over the 920B model, but still lacking in certain precision operations. Future products like the 950 and 960 are expected to enhance performance further [1][3][5] - **HVDC Adoption**: Huawei plans to adopt **800V or higher HVDC** systems to improve power supply efficiency and reduce energy consumption. A mixed mode of AC to DC UPS and HVDC is anticipated to be implemented by 2025-2026 [1][4][10] - **Liquid Cooling Technology**: Liquid cooling has become a standard configuration, with the 920C model reaching a maximum power of **600W**, while the upcoming 950 and 960 models are expected to reach **1,000W** and **1,200W** respectively. Liquid cooling is deemed necessary for high power density applications despite its higher cost compared to air cooling [1][11][14] - **Cost Analysis**: The cost of a liquid cooling system is approximately **20,000 yuan per square meter**, with a total cabinet cost around **120,000 yuan**. In contrast, air cooling systems cost between **15,000 to 20,000 yuan per square meter**, totaling around **80,000 yuan** for a cabinet [14][15] - **Market Projections**: Expected shipments for the 920C model in 2025 are around **300,000 units**, while the 920B is projected at **600,000 units**. The 950 model is set to launch in Q1 2026, but with lower yield rates [3][24][25] Additional Important Insights - **Partnerships**: Huawei's SVDC project collaborates with partners like **Kehua** and **Bank of China** to advance project development [7] - **UPS Systems**: The company utilizes both international brands like **Schneider**, **ABB**, and **Vertiv**, as well as domestic brands like **Kehua** in its UPS solutions, aiming for localization [8] - **Microchannel Technology**: This technology is being explored for high heat dissipation needs, particularly in the 950 series chips, although it currently has high material costs [20][22] - **Future Trends**: The data center industry is expected to gradually transition to liquid cooling systems, especially as power demands increase beyond **30 kW** per cabinet [28][29] - **Reliability Measures**: The 2N configuration in data center power systems ensures high reliability, with a design that allows for 99.9% uptime even in dual power failure scenarios [30][31] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting Huawei's strategic direction in the data center and cooling technology sectors.

Group 1 - Shenzhen Kexin Innovation Source New Materials Co., Ltd. hosted a specific investor survey with 11 institutions including Fidelity Fund and Wan Jia Fund on September 17-18, 2025 [1] - The company discussed its data center business, focusing on thermal management solutions through its subsidiary, Shenzhen Chuangyuan Zhihuo Technology Co., Ltd., which includes products like siphon-type special cooling modules and liquid cooling plates [1] - The company plans to acquire Dongguan Zhaoke Electronic Materials Technology Co., Ltd., which specializes in thermal interface materials, and has completed equity integration with Kunshan Zhaoke [1] Group 2 - The growth in the new energy business is attributed to the increasing demand for electric vehicles, with the company's subsidiary, Ruitai Technology, advancing new production line construction and upgrading existing lines to maintain its leading position [1] - In the first half of 2025, the company's traditional polymer materials business showed steady development, focusing on waterproof sealing, fire insulation, and moisture-proof materials, while aiming to strengthen its core business in telecommunications, electricity, and automotive sectors [1]

Group 1: Investment Projects - The company has invested in a data center liquid cooling project through Hangyuan Photothermal (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., which utilizes advanced aerospace cooling technology, achieving a PUE of 1.1 and a WUE of less than 0.05 kg/kWh [2] - The company has invested 1,200,000 yuan in Chengdu Shuzhilian Technology Co., Ltd., holding a 0.915% stake as of August 31, 2025 [2] Group 2: Product Development - The company has developed a high-performance T1 AC SPD (surge protective device) for domestic photolithography machines, currently in the sample stage [2] - A new multifunctional protective device against lightning and electromagnetic pulses has been successfully validated in several defense projects [3] Group 3: Financial Performance and Shareholder Returns - Since its listing in 2015, the company has consistently prioritized investor interests, with a total cash dividend amounting to 9,878.11 million yuan over the years, representing 68.52% of the average net profit over the last three fiscal years [3] - The controlling shareholder has not reduced their stake since the company's listing and completed a share increase plan in August 2018, amounting to 1,000.22 million yuan [3] Group 4: Market Confidence and Management - The management expresses confidence in the company's future development despite market fluctuations, attributing any personal share reductions to individual financial needs [3]

Summary of Liquid Cooling Technology Trends and Product Pricing Industry Overview - The liquid cooling technology is becoming a necessary choice for high-power data center cooling, driven by strict policy requirements for data center PUE values, which must reach 1.3 for new data centers and below 1.25 for national projects [1][4] - Liquid cooling significantly reduces operational costs, as demonstrated by a client in Beijing who saved 57.5% in annual electricity consumption after upgrading [1][4] Key Points and Arguments 1. **Demand Drivers**: - The demand for liquid cooling technology arises from the need for high-power chip modules (e.g., AI chips, GPUs, ASICs) and high-performance memory and optical modules [3][4] - Domestic GPU manufacturers are increasing density and quantity to compensate for single-chip performance gaps, with companies like Huawei launching systems to compete with NVIDIA's NVL72 architecture [3][12] 2. **Liquid Cooling Solutions**: - Mainstream liquid cooling solutions include direct contact, immersion, and spray cooling, each with its advantages and disadvantages [7][8] - Direct contact cooling is cost-effective, costing approximately 3,000 to 4,000 RMB per kW, while immersion cooling is more efficient but at a higher cost [3][16] 3. **NVIDIA's Product Development**: - NVIDIA's roadmap shows a strong demand for liquid cooling, with power consumption of the Rubin series expected to reach 1,800 watts in 2026 and 3,600 watts in 2027 [1][4][5] - The GB300 liquid cooling system's value increased by approximately 23% compared to the GB200, reaching $85,000 [10] 4. **Market Trends**: - The expected shipment volume for the GB200 cabinet in 2025 is between 25,000 to 30,000 units, primarily to North American cloud providers [2][11] - Domestic liquid cooling manufacturers are gaining recognition and certification from major companies like NVIDIA, with firms like BYD actively participating in the market [21] 5. **Challenges and Innovations**: - The use of fluorinated liquids poses environmental and safety concerns, prompting companies like Intel to explore new mineral oil alternatives [17] - The cost of immersion systems is high due to the need for large quantities of specialized liquids, which limits widespread adoption [18] 6. **Comparative Analysis**: - Compared to NVIDIA, other major players like Intel and AMD are progressing more slowly in high-power, high-density cooling solutions, relying more on traditional air cooling methods [6] 7. **Future Outlook**: - Domestic manufacturers are expected to achieve greater breakthroughs in the future as brand recognition increases and they establish long-term partnerships with leading clients in North America [21] Additional Important Content - The liquid cooling technology is widely applied in memory modules, optical modules, ASIC chips, and switch chips, with increasing power consumption necessitating these solutions [15] - The market share of traditional cooling methods remains significant, accounting for 70% to 80% of the market, due to lower modification costs and higher power density [18][20]

Investment Rating - The report rates the industry as "Positive" for investment, indicating an optimistic outlook for the sector over the next 12 months [6]. Core Insights - The liquid cooling technology is positioned as a crucial solution for data centers to address heat dissipation challenges, especially with the increasing power consumption driven by AI applications [14][20]. - The report highlights the significant advantages of liquid cooling over traditional air cooling, including higher cooling efficiency, lower energy consumption, and reduced total cost of ownership (TCO) [13][26]. - The domestic liquid cooling market is projected to reach approximately 4-5 billion yuan by 2025 and 7-8 billion yuan by 2026, driven by the increasing adoption of high-power servers [43]. Summary by Sections Cooling Technology Overview - Data centers require efficient cooling systems due to their high heat generation, with liquid cooling being a key upgrade from traditional air cooling methods [8][13]. - Liquid cooling methods include cold plate, spray, and immersion cooling, with immersion cooling further divided into single-phase and two-phase types [9][13]. Drivers of Liquid Cooling Adoption - **Driver 1: AI Power Consumption** The power consumption of CPUs and GPUs is rapidly increasing, pushing the limits of air cooling solutions [14][19]. - **Driver 2: Policy Control on PUE** The report emphasizes the need for more efficient cooling solutions to meet stringent PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) targets set by regulations, with liquid cooling achieving lower PUE values compared to air cooling [20][25]. - **Driver 3: Lower Lifecycle Costs** Liquid cooling systems demonstrate lower TCO compared to air cooling, particularly in terms of capital and operational expenditures [26][29]. Market Size and Growth - The report estimates that the domestic liquid cooling market will grow significantly, with projections of 40-50 billion yuan in 2025 and 70-80 billion yuan in 2026 [43][45]. - The market for liquid cooling components, such as CDU and manifolds, is expected to see substantial growth, with specific segments projected to grow by over 200% year-on-year by 2026 [49]. Investment Opportunities - The report identifies key investment opportunities within the liquid cooling supply chain, including liquid cooling plates, CDU, and manifold products, with a focus on domestic manufacturers [54][57]. - The trend towards domestic substitution in the liquid cooling market is highlighted, particularly for components currently dominated by foreign suppliers [58][61]. Key Players and Competitive Landscape - Major players in the liquid cooling market include companies like Invec, Feirongda, and Zhonghang Optoelectronics, which are positioned to benefit from the growing demand for liquid cooling solutions [78][84]. - The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging domestic manufacturers, with a focus on innovation and cost reduction in liquid cooling technologies [79][82].

Summary of Conference Call on Liquid Cooling Solutions Industry Overview - The conference call focused on the liquid cooling solutions industry, particularly advancements related to NVIDIA's GP300 and B300 server trays and their collaboration with various suppliers in the liquid cooling infrastructure sector [1][5][21]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Increased Liquid Cooling Components**: The number of liquid cooling plates in NVIDIA's GP300 server trays increased significantly from 36 in GB200 to 117 in GP300, reflecting a growing demand for enhanced cooling performance [1][2]. 2. **Power Density Improvements**: The GP300's power density has risen from 1.2 kW to 1.4 kW per card, necessitating independent liquid cooling plates for each GPU and CPU [2][3]. 3. **Collaboration with Suppliers**: NVIDIA is actively introducing new suppliers like Cooler Master and others to diversify its supply chain and enhance product offerings [1][21][22]. 4. **Testing and Validation**: NVIDIA has conducted concentrated testing of liquid cooling products, with participation from domestic companies, although results have not yet been disclosed [1][24]. 5. **Market Demand Trends**: There is an anticipated continuous growth in demand for efficient cooling solutions, particularly from North American ASIC chip manufacturers due to the release of higher power products [5][51]. 6. **Competitive Landscape**: The market is currently dominated by Taiwanese companies, but domestic firms are expected to disrupt the existing structure through cost control and technological innovation [5][31]. 7. **Cost Analysis**: The value of the B300 single machine is approximately $160,000, with CPUs accounting for $90,000 of that total [3][36]. The cooling infrastructure is valued at about $120 per kW [37]. 8. **Future Market Outlook**: The data center construction cycle is projected to plateau by 2028, leading to a slowdown in equipment demand [51]. Additionally, cooling machine prices have risen by 10% in the past six months and are expected to stabilize [52]. Additional Important Insights 1. **Technological Innovations**: The introduction of a new type of quick connector in GP300, which is more compact and customized compared to the standard NV UQD04 used in GB200, indicates a shift towards more advanced technology [4][5]. 2. **Supply Chain Dynamics**: The B300 project has shifted its supply chain dynamics, with Cooler Master becoming a primary supplier for liquid cooling components, indicating a strategic move to enhance production efficiency [21][22]. 3. **Challenges for Domestic Suppliers**: Despite opportunities for domestic companies to enter NVIDIA's supply chain, challenges remain due to established Taiwanese competitors and stringent quality requirements [31][32]. 4. **Emerging Players**: Companies like Yingwei and others are positioning themselves in the liquid cooling market, but their actual market share and impact remain uncertain [39][40]. This summary encapsulates the critical developments and insights from the conference call, highlighting the evolving landscape of the liquid cooling solutions industry and NVIDIA's strategic initiatives within it.

Group 1: Business Relationships - The company is not a direct supplier to Chengfei Group but acts as a supporting supplier to its direct suppliers [1] - The company has established relationships with multiple domestic and international manufacturers in the new energy vehicle sector [2] Group 2: Product Development - The company offers various specifications of integrated inductors, which are produced using metal powder die-casting technology, featuring high current, low resistance, and high reliability [1] - Integrated inductors have been delivered in bulk and are applied in industrial, communication equipment, server, automotive electronics, and medical fields [1] Group 3: Technological Advancements - The company has reserves of RF devices for millimeter-wave radar and has made financial investments in related projects [1] - Long-term plans may include data computation and application, supported by ongoing data collection and analysis in lightning protection [1] Group 4: Market Validation - The company's magnetic components have passed validation from several domestic new energy vehicle manufacturers and the first new energy vehicle manufacturer in Vietnam, Vinfast [2] - The company supplies lightning protection devices for charging stations used by electric vehicle manufacturers such as NIO [2]