1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Copper: Cautiously bullish [7] - Arbitrage: On hold [7] - Options: Short put [7] 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The current tight supply at the mine end and the continuously low TC prices remain unchanged. Overseas smelters are exploring new processing fee pricing logics, and China's Non - Ferrous Metals Supply Association has proposed setting an upper limit on some non - ferrous metal smelting capacities. The positive factors on the demand side are mostly at the expected level, and actual consumption may not be outstanding. The November strategy is to mainly conduct buy - hedging on dips, with the recommended buying range between 85,500 yuan/ton and 86,000 yuan/ton. When the price approaches 89,000 yuan/ton, sell - hedging can be carried out [7]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Market News and Key Data 3.1.1 Futures Quotes - On November 4, 2025, the opening price of the main Shanghai copper contract was 87,430 yuan/ton, and the closing price was 85,740 yuan/ton, a - 1.79% decline from the previous trading day's close. In the night session, it opened at 85,000 yuan/ton and closed at 85,690 yuan/ton, a 0.06% decline from the afternoon close [1]. 3.1.2 Spot Situation - The domestic spot 1 electrolytic copper was quoted between 86,290 and 86,890 yuan/ton. The spot market showed a discount of 70 to a premium of 70 yuan/ton to the current - month contract, and the average price increased slightly by 5 yuan/ton compared to the previous day. The Shanghai copper price dropped from 86,800 yuan/ton to around 86,400 yuan/ton during the day, and the import loss of the current - month contract narrowed to about 800 yuan/ton. Downstream buyers generally expected the copper price to fall further and were conservative in purchasing. If the copper price falls below 86,000 yuan/ton, it may stimulate some purchases, but the market is still bearish. As the spread between near - and far - month contracts narrows, holders may lower premiums to promote transactions [2]. 3.2 Important Information Summary 3.2.1 Macro - news - The U.S. Senate failed to pass the federal government's temporary appropriation bill again, and the federal government's "shutdown" entered the 35th day, tying the longest "shutdown" record in U.S. history. The U.S. Supreme Court will hear whether Trump's tariff policy is legal this Wednesday [3]. 3.2.2 Mine End - The general election in Tanzania caused unrest, leading to the temporary closure of the Dar es Salaam Port, an important hub for African copper exports to China. About two - thirds of copper shipments to China are transshipped through this port, resulting in shipping delays, increased logistics and insurance costs, and some cargo being stranded in the port. Afenhao Mining announced that its Phase I concentrator at Pratt Reef started feeding on October 29, and the first batch of concentrates is expected to be produced in the next few weeks. Indonesia's Energy Ministry approved Amman Mineral to export 480,000 dry tons of copper concentrates for six months [3]. 3.2.3 Smelting and Import - Glencore plans to close its Horne copper smelter in Quebec, Canada, due to environmental issues and the need for millions of dollars in facility upgrades. The annual copper production of this smelter is expected to exceed 300,000 tons, which will intensify the global copper shortage expectation [4]. 3.2.4 Consumption - Yingtan City has transformed its investment - promotion concept, driving the high - quality development of the copper - based new materials industrial cluster. The revenue of local copper enterprises accounts for 15% of the national industry, and the copper product output ranks first in the country. AI data centers have extremely high power demand, and China plans to build 1,000 large - scale AI data centers in the next five years [4]. 3.2.5 Inventory and Warehouse Receipts - LME warehouse receipts decreased by 1,025 tons to 133,900 tons compared to the previous day. SHFE warehouse receipts increased by 1,081 tons to 41,147 tons. On November 3, the domestic electrolytic copper spot inventory was 200,100 tons, a change of 17,500 tons from the previous week [5][6]. 3.3 Copper Price and Basis Data | Project | 2025 - 11 - 05 | 2025 - 11 - 04 | 2025 - 10 - 29 | 2025 - 10 - 06 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SMM: 1 copper (spot, premium/discount) | 0 | - 5 | - 55 | 15 | | Premium copper | 60 | 60 | - 5 | 70 | | Flat - water copper | - 45 | - 30 | - 85 | - 30 | | Wet - process copper | - 90 | - 100 | - 145 | - 80 | | Yangshan premium | 51 | 51 | 53 | 54 | | LME (0 - 3) | - 26 | - 14 | - 24 | - 25 | | LME inventory | 133,900 | 133,600 | 134,575 | 139,550 | | SHFE inventory | 116,140 | - | 104,792 | - | | COMEX inventory | 325,213 | 322,649 | 315,465 | 296,716 | | SHFE warehouse receipts | 41,147 | 40,066 | 35,846 | 26,823 | | LME cancelled warehouse receipt ratio | 8.33% | 9.95% | 7.34% | 5.68% | | CU2602 - CU2511 (continuous three - month - near - month) | 50 | 70 | - 30 | - 300 | | CU2512 - CU2511 (main - near - month) | 40 | 40 | - 10 | - 240 | | CU2512/AL25 | 3.99 | 4.04 | 4.11 | 4.02 | | CU251/ZN25 | 3.78 | 3.87 | 3.90 | 3.81 | | Import profit | - 685 | - 872 | - 765 | - 528 | | SHFE - LME ratio (main contract) | 8.05 | 8.07 | 7.89 | 8.07 | [24][25][28]

Core Viewpoint - Eaton announced the acquisition of Boyd's thermal management business for $9.5 billion, reflecting a significant shift in the competitive landscape of AI data center infrastructure, with a valuation premium of 22.5 times [1] Group 1: Company Overview - Eaton, founded in 1911 and listed on the NYSE in 1923, is a global intelligent power management company with projected sales of $24.9 billion in 2024 and operations in over 170 countries, employing more than 92,000 people [2] - The company focuses on improving quality of life and environmental quality through reliable, efficient, safe, and sustainable power management technologies, with applications in critical infrastructure such as data centers, power grids, and transportation [2] - Eaton has over 150 patents and has been recognized as one of Fortune's "World's Most Admired Companies" for seven consecutive years [2] Group 2: Transaction Details - The acquisition addresses two structural changes in AI data centers: the upgrade of technology architecture and the merging of traditional separated zones, requiring a shift from decentralized supply to system collaboration [3] - Eaton's strengths lie in the backend infrastructure (gray area), while Boyd excels in the IT equipment end (white area), making their combination a perfect fit for the industry's demand for "white-gray integration" [5] Group 3: Strategic Value of the Acquisition - The proliferation of 800V DC architecture has made complete power chain solutions a competitive necessity, allowing Eaton to move beyond high-voltage distribution to a full chain capability covering power access, distribution, chip power, and heat dissipation [6] - Boyd's strategic position within NVIDIA's ecosystem enhances Eaton's market access, enabling cross-selling opportunities and collaborative design for next-generation AI servers [7] - Boyd's projected revenue of $1.5 billion from liquid cooling in 2026 represents 12% of the current global liquid cooling market, positioning Eaton to capitalize on market growth [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rapid development and expansion of the solid-state battery industry, emphasizing the upcoming 2025 Solid-State Battery Industry Conference and the significant progress of companies like Nanhu Power in the lithium battery sector [2][3][4]. Group 1: Industry Events - The 2025 Solid-State Battery Industry Conference will take place on November 8, 2025, in Guangzhou, focusing on new technologies and ecosystem building [2]. - The event will feature over 1,000 participants and include concurrent exhibitions for solid-state and sodium batteries [2]. Group 2: Company Developments - Nanhu Power's new project in Zhejiang, with an investment exceeding 1 billion yuan, aims to achieve an annual production capacity of 5.6 GWh of lithium batteries, generating an estimated annual output value of nearly 5 billion yuan [3]. - The company is currently expanding its production capacity, with existing lithium battery cell capacity at 10 GWh and ongoing projects that will add another 14.76 billion yuan in construction [3][4]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - Nanhu Power's core growth driver is the surge in downstream orders, with a total of 8.9 billion yuan in unshipped orders, including 5.5 billion yuan for large storage systems [4]. - The company reported a revenue of approximately 5.9 billion yuan for the first three quarters, reflecting a 24.8% year-on-year decline due to reduced production in the lead-acid segment, but the main business has turned profitable since Q2 [4][5]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The company anticipates a significant increase in demand for data center backup batteries, projecting a global requirement of 30 GWh in the coming year, particularly in North America [5]. - Nanhu Power is also entering the solid-state battery market, with a recent contract for a 2.8 GWh storage project, showcasing its commitment to technological advancement and international expansion [5].

Core Insights - The essence of AI competition has shifted to an "electricity competition," with investment trends moving from traditional IT infrastructure to non-IT infrastructure such as power, cooling, and materials [1][6][12] - By 2030, China's non-IT infrastructure investment related to AI is expected to reach 800 billion RMB, with power systems dominating at 38%, followed by metals for data center construction at 12% and advanced cooling systems at 10% [2][9] Investment Trends - The investment wave in AI infrastructure is expanding beyond traditional chips and servers to include essential non-IT infrastructure [2] - Total capital expenditure for AI in China is projected to grow to 2-2.5 trillion RMB by 2030, with non-IT infrastructure accounting for one-third of this total [2] Power Consumption and Data Centers - The energy consumption of data centers in China is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18%, increasing from 102 TWh in 2024 to 277 TWh by 2030, representing 29% of global data center electricity consumption [3][9] - The rapid increase in power consumption is driven by the accelerated adoption of AI data centers (AIDC), which have significantly higher power requirements than traditional data centers [4] Key Drivers of Investment - The report identifies three main drivers for the surge in investment: the proliferation of AIDC, the deployment of high-performance chips, and the increasing power density of server cabinets [4][5][9] Opportunities in Power Supply - China has significant advantages in AI power infrastructure, including ample generation capacity, lower industrial electricity prices (30-60% lower than developed markets), a leading position in renewable energy supply chains, and a relatively young and robust power grid [12] - Five major investment opportunities are highlighted: nuclear power, electrical equipment, battery energy storage systems (BESS), diesel generators, and advanced power supply technologies [13][17][20][22][24] Cooling and Materials - Efficient cooling and essential raw materials are critical for AI infrastructure, with significant investment potential [25] - Liquid cooling technology is expected to grow rapidly, with a projected market size of 79 billion RMB by 2030, driven by the need for efficient heat management in high-density AI environments [26] - The demand for key metals such as copper and aluminum is also expected to rise, with copper consumption in AI data centers projected to reach approximately 1 million tons by 2030, accounting for 5-6% of national demand [27]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the growing importance of energy storage systems in addressing the electricity supply challenges faced by AI data centers, particularly in the context of increasing power demands and the need for energy efficiency [2][16]. Energy Storage Overview - Energy storage plays a critical role in the energy system, acting as an "energy bank" to match production and consumption over time and space, enhancing energy utilization flexibility and stability [6][7]. - Energy storage systems can store excess energy generated during peak production times and release it during high demand periods, addressing mismatches in electricity supply and demand [6][7]. Types of Energy Storage - Energy storage is categorized into three types: large-scale storage, commercial and industrial storage, and residential storage [8][9][10]. - Large-scale storage systems typically have capacities of 1000 kWh or more and are essential for grid stability and renewable energy integration [8]. - Commercial and industrial storage systems, with capacities ranging from 10 kWh to 1000 kWh, focus on cost reduction and energy security for businesses [9]. - Residential storage systems, usually between 3 kWh and 20 kWh, enable households to achieve energy independence through distributed solar power [10]. Global Energy Storage Landscape - The competitive landscape of the energy storage industry varies significantly by region, with core markets in China, the US, Europe, Australia, and emerging markets [11][12]. - The global energy storage market is expected to maintain high growth, with China projected to reach 150 GWh of installed capacity by 2025 and 200 GWh by 2026, driven by policy support and rising demand [12]. - The US market remains stable in profitability despite rising battery prices, while Europe shows a complex player composition with varying profit margins across regions [11][12]. Long-term Growth Potential - The long-term growth potential of the energy storage industry is driven by two main demands: the need for grid flexibility and the need for reliable electricity supply in underdeveloped regions [13]. - In developed regions, energy storage is increasingly replacing traditional fossil fuel-based frequency regulation, while in developing regions, solar storage solutions are seen as a cost-effective way to achieve electricity coverage [13]. China Market Insights - Following the cancellation of mandatory energy storage requirements in early 2025, the actual data showed a significant increase in energy storage demand, with tendering and winning volumes growing by 89% and 191% respectively in the first eight months of 2025 [14]. - The introduction of capacity pricing policies has improved project profitability, with examples showing substantial increases in internal rates of return for energy storage projects [14]. US Market Dynamics - The AI industry's growth is driving increased investment in data centers, which are becoming major electricity consumers, leading to challenges in grid connection [16][18]. - Energy storage systems are seen as a solution to mitigate grid connection issues, helping data centers meet climate goals and reduce operational costs through peak shaving [21]. - By 2030, the demand for energy storage in US data centers is projected to reach between 122 GWh and 245 GWh [16][19]. Company Analysis - Companies like Sungrow are positioned as global leaders in the energy storage market, benefiting from strong overseas revenue and higher profit margins compared to domestic operations [20]. - Igor is identified as a key domestic supplier of energy storage transformers, with potential collaborations with major North American companies like Fluence and Tesla [23]. - The North American energy storage transformer market is estimated to have significant potential, with Igor expected to capture a substantial market share [24].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommendation" rating for the industry, indicating a positive outlook for investment opportunities in the sector [6]. Core Insights - The transition from Scale-out to Scale-up architecture in AI data centers is expected to drive significant growth in the interconnect technology market, particularly benefiting the switch chip market [3][4]. - Major technology companies are collaborating to establish new open standards like UALink to challenge Nvidia's dominance in AI data centers, which is anticipated to enhance interconnect capabilities [2][24]. - The domestic market for PCIe switch chips in China is projected to grow significantly, with estimates suggesting a market size of approximately 3.8 billion yuan in 2024, potentially reaching 17 billion yuan by 2029 [5][44]. Summary by Sections 1. Scale-up as an Upgrade Direction - Scale-up interconnect technology is becoming the preferred upgrade path for supernode solutions, addressing the limitations of traditional Scale-out architectures [1][15]. - The shift to Scale-up architecture aims to enhance performance by increasing the number of GPUs, CPUs, and storage resources within a single node, utilizing high-speed interconnect technologies like PCIe and NVLink [1][12]. 2. Growth of Switch Chip Market - The switch chip market is expected to benefit from the growth of Scale-up interconnect technology, with both PCIe switch chips and Ethernet switch chips poised for significant demand increases [3][26]. - The report highlights that the demand for AI large models will continue to drive the growth of Scale-up interconnects, positively impacting the switch chip market [3][26]. 3. Domestic Replacement Opportunities - The report identifies a substantial domestic replacement opportunity in the switch chip market, particularly for PCIe switch chips, as China is the largest market globally [5][44]. - The domestic PCIe switch chip market is expected to grow from 3.8 billion yuan in 2024 to 17 billion yuan by 2029, driven by the increasing demand for AI servers [5][44]. 4. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies with PCIe design capabilities, such as ZTE, Montage Technology, and others, as they are well-positioned to benefit from the growth in the switch chip market [5][54]. - Additionally, companies involved in Ethernet switch chip production, like ZTE and Sanken Communication, are also recommended for investment consideration [5][54].

Core Viewpoint - The global gas turbine market is expected to experience sustained growth in the coming years, driven primarily by demand from North America, the Middle East, and Europe [2] Group 1: Market Demand - North America is witnessing a surge in electricity demand due to the rapid expansion of AI data centers, making gas turbine power generation an optimal solution due to its quick construction cycle and stable power output [2] - The Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia and the UAE, is increasing gas turbine demand as part of their energy transformation plans aimed at creating global AI centers by 2030 [2] - Europe is advancing its energy transition, viewing natural gas as a crucial transitional energy source, which is leading to increased demand for gas turbines as key equipment for natural gas power generation [2] Group 2: Future Outlook - Over the next decade, gas turbines are expected to maintain a dominant position in the power structure, with their flexibility, environmental benefits, and economic viability making them essential for meeting global electricity demands and achieving energy transition [2] - The gas turbine industry is anticipated to have broader development opportunities driven by technological advancements and market demand [2]

Core Viewpoint - The company reported a decline in revenue and gross profit for Q3 2025, primarily due to changes in product mix, with expectations for growth driven by key business segments in 2026 [1][2][3] Group 1: Financial Performance - Q3 2025 revenue was 42.68 billion RMB, down 2.0% year-on-year, with gross profit at 2.946 billion RMB, a decrease of 20.0%, resulting in a gross margin of 6.9%, down 1.6 percentage points year-on-year [1] - Net profit fell 9.0% year-on-year to 1.407 billion RMB due to the decline in gross profit [1] Group 2: Business Growth Drivers - In 2026, the North American client’s components, new energy vehicles, and AI data center businesses are expected to be the three core growth engines, with a focus on business progress [1] - The North American client’s foldable screen new model is anticipated to drive an increase in metal middle frame shipments and average selling price (ASP), significantly boosting revenue [1] - The company plans to expand capacity by adding a large number of CNC machines in Q4 2025 to H1 2026, while enhancing automation and operational efficiency [1] Group 3: Sector-Specific Insights - The revenue forecast for the new energy vehicle business in 2025 has been lowered due to BYD's adjustment of its annual sales target from 5.5 million to 4.6 million vehicles, but high-level intelligent driving and suspension products are expected to drive up the unit value in 2026 [2] - AI data center liquid cooling and power product deliveries have been delayed, with the company focusing on expanding its product lines and system-level capabilities, while also increasing customer numbers [2] Group 4: Profit Forecast and Valuation - The net profit forecast for 2025 has been reduced by 11% to 4.319 billion RMB, with further reductions for 2026 and 2027 by 18% and 17% respectively, to 5.241 billion RMB and 6.203 billion RMB [3] - The current market valuation corresponds to P/E ratios of 17x, 14x, and 12x for 2025-2027, with a maintained "overweight" rating due to expected growth from key business segments [3]

Background and Policy Changes - The initial market skepticism regarding energy storage demand was influenced by policies such as Document No. 136, which mentioned "no mandatory renewable energy storage." However, actual domestic energy storage configurations are primarily driven by an indicator scoring mechanism rather than being entirely mandatory [5]. - Under market-oriented trading, the real demand for energy storage from solar and wind power continues to increase. Following policy adjustments, energy storage demand has consistently exceeded expectations, leading some companies to announce price increases for storage batteries in Q3, confirming industry prosperity [5]. - The rapid construction of AI data centers, especially in the U.S., has resulted in a surge in grid load, while grid upgrades are slow due to lengthy approval processes and tight equipment capacity. Traditional power sources like gas turbines and nuclear power have long construction cycles of 3-4 years, which cannot match the 1-2 year construction speed of data centers [5]. - China mandates that new data centers must have over 80% of their electricity from renewable sources, while Canada limits AI load to a maximum of 400 megawatts, pushing for wind-solar-storage solutions. NVIDIA's white paper lists energy storage as a standard configuration for data centers, further reinforcing expectations [5]. Data Center Energy Storage Demand - Energy storage advantages include clean energy, quick deployment, low costs, participation in grid frequency regulation/arbitrage, peak load smoothing, and enhanced power supply reliability [5]. - Conservative estimate (10% off-grid penetration): 24 GWh of energy storage demand by 2026. - Neutral estimate (30% penetration): nearly 100 GWh. - Optimistic estimate (70% penetration): over 200 GWh. - Even under conservative estimates, annual energy storage installations in the U.S. (currently about 50 GWh) are expected to increase significantly [5]. - U.S. solar-storage projects typically include 4 hours of storage to balance grid support and redundancy needs. Abu Dhabi's solar-storage data center includes 6 hours of storage, while Google's Belgium project includes 2 hours, and Microsoft's European project includes 80 minutes [5]. Demand Projections - Demand estimates based on a 6-hour storage configuration: - China: 150 GWh by 2025, 250 GWh by 2026 (67% growth), benefiting from data center and wind-solar storage demand. - U.S.: 52 GWh by 2025 (+40%), 82 GWh by 2026 (+58%), with data centers contributing approximately 20 GWh of elasticity. - Europe: 51 GWh by 2026 (+55%), primarily driven by large-scale storage. - Global: 445 GWh of installed capacity by 2026 (+65% year-on-year) [5].

Group 1: Company Performance and Capacity Utilization - The company currently has a full order book, maintaining a high capacity utilization rate [2] - The annual sales revenue compound growth rate is approximately 24%, with R&D expenses increasing in proportion to performance growth [3] Group 2: Product Advantages and Applications - The company has developed a new series of tantalum capacitor products suitable for various fields, including communications, consumer electronics, AI data centers, automotive electronics, and industrial control [2] - Tantalum capacitors meet the high-temperature and high-voltage stability requirements of AI server applications [3] Group 3: Automotive Electronics Business - The automotive electronics sector is a key strategic area for the company, with products covering electric vehicle systems and extending to intelligent driving and smart cockpit applications [3] - The company anticipates healthy growth in the automotive electronics field, driven by new product introductions and market share expansion among core customers [3] Group 4: Investment and Expansion Plans - The company operates in a capital-intensive industry, necessitating ongoing expansion to sustain growth [4] - There will be no large-scale expansion in traditional product capacity; instead, the focus will be on supplementing bottleneck processes to improve existing product line utilization [4]