Core Points - The National People's Congress passed the Private Economy Promotion Law, marking the first foundational law specifically for the development of the private economy in China, effective from May 20, 2025 [1] - The law emphasizes the dual commitment to support both public and private ownership, establishing a legal status for the private economy [1][8] - The law introduces a nationwide negative list for market access, allowing private enterprises to enter all sectors not listed, promoting fair competition [2][3] Group 1: Market Environment - The implementation of a unified negative list for market access is crucial for private enterprises to engage in economic activities and achieve fair competition [2] - The negative list has been reduced from 151 to 106 items since its full implementation in 2018, easing restrictions in various sectors such as healthcare and energy [3] - The law aims to create a fair market environment by breaking down barriers to entry, allowing capable private enterprises to participate in competitive sectors [4] Group 2: Legal Framework and Support - The Private Economy Promotion Law establishes the legal framework for private enterprises to participate in national major projects, enhancing their role and visibility [5] - The law includes provisions for encouraging private investment in strategic emerging industries and modernization of traditional sectors [4][5] - Legal protections for private enterprises are emphasized, providing a robust framework for their development and participation in the economy [9][10] Group 3: Expert Insights - Experts highlight that the law represents a milestone for the private economy, reinforcing the importance of private enterprises in high-quality economic development [7] - The law's principles include equal status, fair competition, and mutual cooperation, which are essential for ensuring that private enterprises can effectively compete and thrive [8] - The law is seen as a "legal backbone" for private enterprises, fostering an environment conducive to innovation and growth [10][11]

Core Points - The National Development and Reform Commission, along with the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration for Market Regulation, has released the "Negative List for Market Access (2025 Edition)," reducing the number of restrictions from 117 in 2022 to 106, indicating a further relaxation of market access and optimization of management [1][2] - The negative list system, implemented since 2018, has seen a reduction from 151 items to 106, representing a decrease of approximately 30%, which reflects significant institutional innovation and a response to developmental needs [1][2] - The government is focusing on reducing unnecessary market interventions while creating a stable and transparent institutional arrangement, which aims to foster a fair and open competitive environment for various business entities [2][3] Market Access and Competition - The continuous reduction of the negative list is aimed at enhancing market vitality, especially in light of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation, which presents both challenges and opportunities for traditional market access rules [3] - Recent policies have been introduced to lower barriers for private enterprises in sectors such as energy, railways, and telecommunications, promoting market competition and creating broader development space for private companies [3] - The opening of the first privately-held high-speed rail and the commencement of nuclear power projects with private capital involvement are examples of the competitive vitality exhibited by private enterprises under the ongoing policy benefits [3] Regulatory Balance - While the negative list has been streamlined, it is crucial to recognize that the remaining 106 items still include clear "red lines" related to financial security and ecological protection, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to reform [4] - Future efforts should focus on reinforcing the concept of "no restrictions outside the list," aligning provincial lists with the national version, and eliminating market access barriers [4] - Effective communication of favorable policies is essential to ensure that businesses truly experience the commitment to comprehensive regulation, fostering a competitive environment for accelerated development [4]

新华社受权发布中华人民共和国民营经济促进法。其中提出，国家实行全国统一的市场准入负面清单制 度。市场准入负面清单以外的领域，包括民营经济组织在内的各类经济组织可以依法平等进入。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to systematically eliminate market access barriers for private enterprises, creating a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable development environment [1][3][7] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and other departments have initiated a campaign to clean up and rectify unreasonable market access barriers, aiming to ensure the "non-prohibition, immediate entry" principle is effectively implemented [2][3][5] - The new market access negative list has reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106 in 2025, indicating a 30% reduction since the first version in 2018, which enhances the accessibility for various business entities [5][6] Group 2 - The campaign focuses on 15 specific situations that violate market access regulations, including local approvals that contradict national policies and excessive requirements for market entry [3][4] - The NDRC has publicly reported 115 typical cases of violations of the market access negative list, demonstrating ongoing efforts to dismantle barriers that hinder market entry for businesses [2][5] - The implementation of the negative list management model has significantly simplified entry processes and reduced administrative intervention, thereby lowering institutional transaction costs for enterprises [6][7] Group 3 - The ongoing reforms aim to create a more favorable market environment for private enterprises, enhancing their participation in major national projects and reducing market entry barriers in sectors like energy and telecommunications [7][8] - The draft law on promoting the private economy is in its final review stage, which aims to provide legal backing for fair competition and equal market access for private enterprises [8][9] - The emphasis on a unified market access negative list system is expected to optimize the business environment and stimulate the vitality of the private economy [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for active participation of rights in the establishment of market access systems to create a stable and predictable negative list for market access [1][4] - The National Development and Reform Commission, along with other governmental bodies, has initiated a six-month action to clean up and rectify unreasonable market access barriers, aiming to foster a fair market environment [1][3] - The action targets various forms of local regulations and practices that violate market access requirements, including 15 specific scenarios where local approvals are still required despite national openness [1][3] Group 2 - The removal of market access barriers is expected to broaden market space, reduce non-market transaction costs, and improve investment marginal returns [3][4] - The article discusses the importance of recognizing the conflict between power and rights as a prerequisite for effective governance, suggesting that a good business environment acknowledges these conflicts [3][4] - The dynamic cleaning and rectification of market access barriers should establish a more open system for rights to engage with power, enhancing the participatory experience of rights holders [4]

Group 1 - The core point of the article is the release of the "Negative List for Market Access (2025 Edition)", which reflects China's deepening market-oriented reforms by reducing the number of restrictions from 117 to 106 items, indicating a more vibrant market environment [1][2][3] - The reduction of the negative list from 151 items in 2018 to 106 items in 2025 represents a 30% decrease, expanding the development space for enterprises, especially private ones, and facilitating a unified national market [2] - The new list emphasizes a "one national list" principle, preventing local governments from setting additional restrictions, thereby addressing hidden barriers and promoting a more open market [2][3] Group 2 - The adjustments in the negative list signify a shift in government resource allocation towards the market, enhancing the governance capacity of the government while ensuring risk control through legal and standardized methods [2] - The integration of foreign investment access measures with the domestic market access system in the new list indicates China's commitment to higher levels of openness and coordinated development of internal and external circulation [3] - The ongoing reform process highlights the need to address new barriers related to cross-border investment and data flow, as well as the implementation of dynamic monitoring through digital technology [3]

Core Viewpoint - The release of the "Market Access Negative List (2025 Edition)" signifies a further reduction in market access restrictions in China, promoting a more open and competitive market environment [2][4][5]. Summary by Relevant Sections Market Access Negative List - The "Market Access Negative List" is a system that outlines industries and sectors where investment is either prohibited or requires government approval, allowing for equal access to all other sectors [2]. - The 2025 edition of the list has reduced the number of restricted items from 151 in 2018 to 106, representing a decrease of approximately 30% [3]. Policy Changes and Implications - The latest revision emphasizes a commitment to reducing unnecessary restrictions while ensuring that any new additions to the list are reasonable [5]. - Specific management measures have also been reduced from 486 to 469 at the national level, and from 36 to 20 at the local level, indicating a streamlined regulatory environment [5]. National Market Integration - The negative list system aims to create a unified national market, prohibiting local governments from imposing additional access restrictions outside the list [6]. - The government is required to publicly disclose legal bases, technical standards, and processing timelines for any permitted access items, enhancing transparency [6]. Foreign Investment Trends - In the first quarter, 12,603 new foreign-invested enterprises were established, a year-on-year increase of 4.3%, although the actual foreign investment amount decreased by 10.8% to 269.23 billion yuan [7]. - The government is actively working to boost foreign investor confidence through various initiatives, including easing restrictions in sectors like healthcare and telecommunications [7]. Ongoing Efforts to Remove Barriers - The government has been actively dismantling market access barriers, having reported 115 typical cases of violations against the negative list [8]. - Despite progress, challenges remain, such as unresolved access barriers and ineffective complaint mechanisms, prompting further actions to ensure the "non-prohibition, non-restriction" principle is effectively implemented [8].

Core Points - The new version of the Market Access Negative List (2025) reduces the number of items from 117 to 106, representing a decrease of 11 items, and the total number of specific management measures has been reduced from 486 to 469 [2][3] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) emphasizes that the new list optimizes management requirements and implements national treatment for domestic and foreign entities operating in China [2][3] Summary by Sections Adjustments in the New List - A number of national measures have been directly removed, such as changing the seal engraving industry from a licensing system to a filing system [3] - Several national measures have been relaxed, including the cancellation of management measures for establishing TV production units and the wholesale and retail of pharmaceuticals [3] - Local measures have also been eliminated, promoting the opening of transportation logistics and vehicle rental services across regions [3] Regulatory Framework - The new list introduces comprehensive regulatory requirements, ensuring that all levels of government enforce regulations and monitor compliance effectively [5] - A collaborative regulatory framework is proposed, combining government oversight, corporate self-discipline, industry self-regulation, and social supervision [5] Market Access Barrier Removal - The NDRC plans to conduct a market access barrier cleanup action to eliminate unreasonable regulations and practices that violate market access rules [6] - The focus will be on local regulations and practices that create barriers to market entry, ensuring a fair market environment [6] New Business Areas - The NDRC, along with other departments, has been working on policies to facilitate market entry in emerging sectors such as aerospace, biomedicine, and new energy [7] - Future initiatives will focus on creating pilot programs in key regions to further relax market access in strategic emerging industries [7] Market Access Negative List System - The Market Access Negative List system is designed to clearly outline industries and sectors that are prohibited or require government approval for investment and operation [8]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List has reduced the number of restricted items from 117 in 2022 to 106, further relaxing market access restrictions, which is expected to benefit private enterprises significantly [1][2][3]. Group 1: Market Access Negative List Changes - The number of items in the Market Access Negative List has decreased by approximately 30% from 151 in 2018 to 106 in 2025, indicating a substantial reduction in market entry barriers [2]. - The 2025 version has optimized several aspects, including national unified management requirements, implementation requirements, and the connection with other access regulations [2]. - National management measures have been reduced from 486 to 469, and local management measures have decreased from 36 to 20, reflecting a significant simplification of market access procedures [2]. Group 2: Benefits to Private Enterprises - The continuous reduction of items in the negative list and the simplification of access procedures are expected to release policy dividends, directly benefiting private enterprises [3]. - The reforms aim to lower market entry thresholds, enhance market transparency, and create a fairer market environment, which is anticipated to stimulate the internal motivation and innovative capabilities of private enterprises [3]. Group 3: Future Actions and Clean-up Initiatives - The National Development and Reform Commission and other departments will continue to enhance reform efforts, focusing on improving regulatory models and strengthening pilot projects [4]. - A market access barrier cleanup initiative will be launched to eliminate unreasonable regulations and practices that violate market access requirements [5][6]. - The cleanup will involve comprehensive reviews of local regulations and practices, with a focus on correcting any violations and establishing long-term mechanisms for monitoring and reporting [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List aims to further relax market access restrictions, reducing the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106, thereby optimizing market access management and enhancing market vitality [3][5][8]. Summary by Sections Market Access Negative List Overview - The Market Access Negative List system compiles industries and sectors that are either prohibited or require government permission for investment and operation. Outside this list, all entities can enter the market equally [2]. Changes in the 2025 Version - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List has reduced the number of items to 106, with a focus on a "national unified" management model, meaning no local or departmental negative lists can be created [3][5]. - The list includes 6 prohibited items, such as activities that do not meet functional area construction requirements and unauthorized financial activities [5][6]. Licensing and Permits - There are 100 items under the licensing category, covering various industries including agriculture, manufacturing, and finance. Specific licensing requirements are outlined for sectors like manufacturing and finance [6][7]. - The list aims to lower entry barriers and stimulate market activity by removing or simplifying several national and local measures [7][8]. New Business Models and Fields - The 2025 version also standardizes management measures for new business models and fields, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and e-cigarettes, ensuring compliance with existing laws and regulations [10][11]. - The government emphasizes the importance of optimizing the market access environment for emerging sectors, which is part of a broader strategy to enhance innovation and competitiveness [11][12]. Future Directions - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to continue reforming and innovating market access policies, focusing on key industries and strategic emerging sectors to promote a positive cycle of technological breakthroughs and industrial applications [15].