新华社受权发布中华人民共和国民营经济促进法。其中提出，国家实行全国统一的市场准入负面清单制 度。市场准入负面清单以外的领域，包括民营经济组织在内的各类经济组织可以依法平等进入。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to systematically eliminate market access barriers for private enterprises, creating a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable development environment [1][3][7] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and other departments have initiated a campaign to clean up and rectify unreasonable market access barriers, aiming to ensure the "non-prohibition, immediate entry" principle is effectively implemented [2][3][5] - The new market access negative list has reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106 in 2025, indicating a 30% reduction since the first version in 2018, which enhances the accessibility for various business entities [5][6] Group 2 - The campaign focuses on 15 specific situations that violate market access regulations, including local approvals that contradict national policies and excessive requirements for market entry [3][4] - The NDRC has publicly reported 115 typical cases of violations of the market access negative list, demonstrating ongoing efforts to dismantle barriers that hinder market entry for businesses [2][5] - The implementation of the negative list management model has significantly simplified entry processes and reduced administrative intervention, thereby lowering institutional transaction costs for enterprises [6][7] Group 3 - The ongoing reforms aim to create a more favorable market environment for private enterprises, enhancing their participation in major national projects and reducing market entry barriers in sectors like energy and telecommunications [7][8] - The draft law on promoting the private economy is in its final review stage, which aims to provide legal backing for fair competition and equal market access for private enterprises [8][9] - The emphasis on a unified market access negative list system is expected to optimize the business environment and stimulate the vitality of the private economy [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for active participation of rights in the establishment of market access systems to create a stable and predictable negative list for market access [1][4] - The National Development and Reform Commission, along with other governmental bodies, has initiated a six-month action to clean up and rectify unreasonable market access barriers, aiming to foster a fair market environment [1][3] - The action targets various forms of local regulations and practices that violate market access requirements, including 15 specific scenarios where local approvals are still required despite national openness [1][3] Group 2 - The removal of market access barriers is expected to broaden market space, reduce non-market transaction costs, and improve investment marginal returns [3][4] - The article discusses the importance of recognizing the conflict between power and rights as a prerequisite for effective governance, suggesting that a good business environment acknowledges these conflicts [3][4] - The dynamic cleaning and rectification of market access barriers should establish a more open system for rights to engage with power, enhancing the participatory experience of rights holders [4]

Group 1 - The core point of the article is the release of the "Negative List for Market Access (2025 Edition)", which reflects China's deepening market-oriented reforms by reducing the number of restrictions from 117 to 106 items, indicating a more vibrant market environment [1][2][3] - The reduction of the negative list from 151 items in 2018 to 106 items in 2025 represents a 30% decrease, expanding the development space for enterprises, especially private ones, and facilitating a unified national market [2] - The new list emphasizes a "one national list" principle, preventing local governments from setting additional restrictions, thereby addressing hidden barriers and promoting a more open market [2][3] Group 2 - The adjustments in the negative list signify a shift in government resource allocation towards the market, enhancing the governance capacity of the government while ensuring risk control through legal and standardized methods [2] - The integration of foreign investment access measures with the domestic market access system in the new list indicates China's commitment to higher levels of openness and coordinated development of internal and external circulation [3] - The ongoing reform process highlights the need to address new barriers related to cross-border investment and data flow, as well as the implementation of dynamic monitoring through digital technology [3]

Core Viewpoint - The release of the "Market Access Negative List (2025 Edition)" signifies a further reduction in market access restrictions in China, promoting a more open and competitive market environment [2][4][5]. Summary by Relevant Sections Market Access Negative List - The "Market Access Negative List" is a system that outlines industries and sectors where investment is either prohibited or requires government approval, allowing for equal access to all other sectors [2]. - The 2025 edition of the list has reduced the number of restricted items from 151 in 2018 to 106, representing a decrease of approximately 30% [3]. Policy Changes and Implications - The latest revision emphasizes a commitment to reducing unnecessary restrictions while ensuring that any new additions to the list are reasonable [5]. - Specific management measures have also been reduced from 486 to 469 at the national level, and from 36 to 20 at the local level, indicating a streamlined regulatory environment [5]. National Market Integration - The negative list system aims to create a unified national market, prohibiting local governments from imposing additional access restrictions outside the list [6]. - The government is required to publicly disclose legal bases, technical standards, and processing timelines for any permitted access items, enhancing transparency [6]. Foreign Investment Trends - In the first quarter, 12,603 new foreign-invested enterprises were established, a year-on-year increase of 4.3%, although the actual foreign investment amount decreased by 10.8% to 269.23 billion yuan [7]. - The government is actively working to boost foreign investor confidence through various initiatives, including easing restrictions in sectors like healthcare and telecommunications [7]. Ongoing Efforts to Remove Barriers - The government has been actively dismantling market access barriers, having reported 115 typical cases of violations against the negative list [8]. - Despite progress, challenges remain, such as unresolved access barriers and ineffective complaint mechanisms, prompting further actions to ensure the "non-prohibition, non-restriction" principle is effectively implemented [8].

Core Points - The new version of the Market Access Negative List (2025) reduces the number of items from 117 to 106, representing a decrease of 11 items, and the total number of specific management measures has been reduced from 486 to 469 [2][3] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) emphasizes that the new list optimizes management requirements and implements national treatment for domestic and foreign entities operating in China [2][3] Summary by Sections Adjustments in the New List - A number of national measures have been directly removed, such as changing the seal engraving industry from a licensing system to a filing system [3] - Several national measures have been relaxed, including the cancellation of management measures for establishing TV production units and the wholesale and retail of pharmaceuticals [3] - Local measures have also been eliminated, promoting the opening of transportation logistics and vehicle rental services across regions [3] Regulatory Framework - The new list introduces comprehensive regulatory requirements, ensuring that all levels of government enforce regulations and monitor compliance effectively [5] - A collaborative regulatory framework is proposed, combining government oversight, corporate self-discipline, industry self-regulation, and social supervision [5] Market Access Barrier Removal - The NDRC plans to conduct a market access barrier cleanup action to eliminate unreasonable regulations and practices that violate market access rules [6] - The focus will be on local regulations and practices that create barriers to market entry, ensuring a fair market environment [6] New Business Areas - The NDRC, along with other departments, has been working on policies to facilitate market entry in emerging sectors such as aerospace, biomedicine, and new energy [7] - Future initiatives will focus on creating pilot programs in key regions to further relax market access in strategic emerging industries [7] Market Access Negative List System - The Market Access Negative List system is designed to clearly outline industries and sectors that are prohibited or require government approval for investment and operation [8]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List has reduced the number of restricted items from 117 in 2022 to 106, further relaxing market access restrictions, which is expected to benefit private enterprises significantly [1][2][3]. Group 1: Market Access Negative List Changes - The number of items in the Market Access Negative List has decreased by approximately 30% from 151 in 2018 to 106 in 2025, indicating a substantial reduction in market entry barriers [2]. - The 2025 version has optimized several aspects, including national unified management requirements, implementation requirements, and the connection with other access regulations [2]. - National management measures have been reduced from 486 to 469, and local management measures have decreased from 36 to 20, reflecting a significant simplification of market access procedures [2]. Group 2: Benefits to Private Enterprises - The continuous reduction of items in the negative list and the simplification of access procedures are expected to release policy dividends, directly benefiting private enterprises [3]. - The reforms aim to lower market entry thresholds, enhance market transparency, and create a fairer market environment, which is anticipated to stimulate the internal motivation and innovative capabilities of private enterprises [3]. Group 3: Future Actions and Clean-up Initiatives - The National Development and Reform Commission and other departments will continue to enhance reform efforts, focusing on improving regulatory models and strengthening pilot projects [4]. - A market access barrier cleanup initiative will be launched to eliminate unreasonable regulations and practices that violate market access requirements [5][6]. - The cleanup will involve comprehensive reviews of local regulations and practices, with a focus on correcting any violations and establishing long-term mechanisms for monitoring and reporting [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List aims to further relax market access restrictions, reducing the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106, thereby optimizing market access management and enhancing market vitality [3][5][8]. Summary by Sections Market Access Negative List Overview - The Market Access Negative List system compiles industries and sectors that are either prohibited or require government permission for investment and operation. Outside this list, all entities can enter the market equally [2]. Changes in the 2025 Version - The 2025 version of the Market Access Negative List has reduced the number of items to 106, with a focus on a "national unified" management model, meaning no local or departmental negative lists can be created [3][5]. - The list includes 6 prohibited items, such as activities that do not meet functional area construction requirements and unauthorized financial activities [5][6]. Licensing and Permits - There are 100 items under the licensing category, covering various industries including agriculture, manufacturing, and finance. Specific licensing requirements are outlined for sectors like manufacturing and finance [6][7]. - The list aims to lower entry barriers and stimulate market activity by removing or simplifying several national and local measures [7][8]. New Business Models and Fields - The 2025 version also standardizes management measures for new business models and fields, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and e-cigarettes, ensuring compliance with existing laws and regulations [10][11]. - The government emphasizes the importance of optimizing the market access environment for emerging sectors, which is part of a broader strategy to enhance innovation and competitiveness [11][12]. Future Directions - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to continue reforming and innovating market access policies, focusing on key industries and strategic emerging sectors to promote a positive cycle of technological breakthroughs and industrial applications [15].

还将开展市场准入壁垒清理整治行动。 备受市场期待的新版市场准入负面清单发布，市场准入限制进一步放宽，市场准入管理更加优化。 国家发改委会同商务部、国家市场监管总局24日发布《市场准入负面清单（2025年版）》（下称《清单 （2025年版）》），事项数量由2022年版的117项缩减至106项，事项下的全国性具体管理措施由486条 缩减至469条，地方性管理措施由36条缩减至20条。 国家发改委表示，经过四次修订，一大批行业准入限制得以放宽，各类经营主体都能看得见、摸得着、 进得去，"宽准入"红利切实赋能经济社会发展，做到了"清单越缩越短、市场越放越活"。 第一财经了解到，三部门还将开展市场准入壁垒清理整治行动。重点是以地方性法规、规章、规范性文 件、其他政策性文件等形式设立和实行的违反市场准入制度要求的各类规定文件，以及各级政府违规设 置市场准入壁垒的各类做法情形。 国家发改委宏观经济研究院副研究员张铭慎表示，新一版市场准入负面清单充分反映了行政审批制度改 革进展和全国统一大市场建设要求，推动市场准入门槛切实下降。突出"降低准入门槛"导向，有序放宽 市场准入限制，力争做到"宽准入"；突出"守住重要底线"导向，依 ...

21世纪经济报道记者周潇枭 北京、合肥、珠海、广州报道 4月24日，国家发展改革委、商务部、市场监 管总局联合对外发布《市场准入负面清单（2025年版）》（以下简称《2025年版清单》）。 市场准入负面清单制度，是以清单的形式将我国境内"禁止"和经政府"许可"才能够投资经营的行业、领 域、业务汇总列出；市场准入负面清单之外，各类经营主体皆可依法平等进入。 国家发展改革委经济研究所副所长郭丽岩表示，全国版市场准入负面清单于2019年、2020年、2022年、 2025年进行了四次修订，事项数量由2018年版的151项缩减至2025年版的106项，总体上不断放宽准入门 槛，进一步降低市场准入环节的交易成本。更好推动"非禁即入"模式落地生根，有利于鼓励社会资本尤 其是民间投资积极性，能够促进科技创新与产业良性竞争。例如，某一新兴行业或垄断行业的竞争性环 节未被列入市场准入负面清单或已从清单去掉，那么投资者无须申请准入许可，仅需完成经营主体登记 注册等常规程序即可进入。 2025年版市场准入负面清单事项数量，由2022年版的117项缩减至106项，市场准入限制进一步放宽，市 场准入管理更加优化。 国家发展改革委有关负 ...