Group 1 - The introduction of a Korean won-denominated stablecoin should be gradual, starting with the issuance by the most regulated commercial banks before allowing non-bank institutions [1][2] - The Bank of Korea is concerned about the potential impact of stablecoins on monetary policy and payment systems, emphasizing the need for robust safety mechanisms to protect user rights and prevent market volatility [2] - The current government, led by President Lee Jae-myung, is accelerating legislative processes to allow businesses to issue won stablecoins, aiming to establish a solid regulatory framework [2][3] Group 2 - The Bank of Korea is currently in a monetary easing cycle, with recent interest rate cuts bringing the policy rate to the midpoint of the neutral range, amid rising housing prices and household debt concerns [3] - The first round of pilot testing for the central bank digital currency (CBDC) is set to conclude next week, as part of a joint project with the Bank for International Settlements, with plans for a second round of testing in collaboration with major commercial banks [3] - The Korean government is also working on internationalizing the local currency market, having extended trading hours and relaxed entry conditions for foreign investors over the past year [3]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The stablecoin industry is experiencing rapid development and is entering practical application stages, with significant recognition from official entities regarding its potential in payment and settlement [1][4] - The total market capitalization of stablecoins is currently $250 billion, with USDC accounting for 25% of this market [3][9] Core Insights and Arguments - The establishment of the Gibus Act in the U.S. provides a compliance framework for stablecoin development, which is crucial for the industry's growth [1][4] - Circle's revenue is heavily reliant on its partnership with Coinbase, with 60% of its income derived from the distribution of USDC through Coinbase [1][5][6] - The global cross-border payment market is projected to reach $350 trillion by 2030, with stablecoins potentially capturing 25% of this market, translating to an $80 trillion market size [11][12] - The expansion of stablecoin applications into areas such as cross-border payments and decentralized finance (DeFi) is expected to drive significant market growth [2][7] Financial Performance and Projections - Circle's business model involves issuing USDC, backed by U.S. dollars, and investing the received dollars in low-risk assets to generate returns [6][8] - By 2024, 20% of USDC distribution is expected to occur on the Coinbase platform, a significant increase from 5% in 2022, indicating a growing reliance on this partnership [5] - The overall cryptocurrency market capitalization is anticipated to exceed $30 trillion by 2030, with stablecoins' share potentially rising to 25%, leading to a market valuation of $5 to $7.5 trillion [14] Potential Risks and Considerations - The profitability of Circle is influenced by the yields from short-term U.S. Treasury securities and the distribution costs associated with USDC [8] - The competitive landscape is evolving, with USDC gaining market share from non-compliant stablecoins like USDT due to regulatory advancements [3][9] Additional Important Insights - The integration of stablecoins into traditional payment systems is gaining traction, as evidenced by partnerships with platforms like Shopify and Visa [10][5] - The innovation in Real World Assets (RWA) on-chain is expected to enhance asset liquidity, with the RWA market potentially reaching $16 trillion to $30 trillion by 2030, largely denominated in stablecoins [13]

Economic Indicators - The weekly ECI supply index is at 50.15%, down 0.03 percentage points from last week, while the demand index remains stable at 49.93%[6] - The monthly ECI supply index for June is 50.17%, a decrease of 0.06 percentage points from May, with the demand index also at 49.93%, unchanged from May[7] - The ECI investment index is at 49.96%, unchanged from last week, while the consumption index has slightly increased to 49.76%, up 0.01 percentage points[6] Real Estate and Consumption - Real estate sales in 30 major cities recorded a year-on-year decline of 8.6% as of June 21, indicating a weakening in market sentiment[7] - Passenger car retail sales increased by 20% year-on-year for the first half of June, showing improvement compared to the previous month[7] - The government plans to distribute 138 billion yuan in central funds for "trade-in" programs in the third and fourth quarters, which may support consumption in the long term[7] Monetary Policy and Liquidity - The ELI index is at -1.02%, up 0.04 percentage points from last week, indicating a slight improvement in liquidity conditions[11] - A total of 4.17 trillion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit will mature this month, with only 2.96 trillion yuan issued, suggesting ongoing financing pressure in the banking system[13] - The central bank conducted a net liquidity injection of 200 billion yuan through reverse repos to support liquidity ahead of the quarter-end[13] Risks and Outlook - There is uncertainty regarding U.S. tariff policies and the potential for policy measures to fall short of market expectations[46] - The sustainability of improvements in the real estate market remains to be observed[46]

Core Insights - The workshop focused on how Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) impacts the efficiency of monetary policy transmission and inter-bank competition [1][3][30] Group 1: CBDC Characteristics and Impact - CBDC is introduced through commercial banks, offering depositors and borrowers interest-bearing accounts, and is managed by commercial banks, distinguishing it from stablecoins due to its direct liability to the central bank, which eliminates default risk [3][11] - The introduction of CBDC can set a lower limit on deposit interest rates, potentially increasing them and reducing their sensitivity to central bank rates due to market share differentiation among banks [3][25] - CBDC enhances competition by allowing smaller banks to offer greater convenience, thus leveling the playing field against larger banks, which can lead to a convergence in market shares and increased sensitivity of deposit rates to central bank rates [3][30] Group 2: Bank Behavior and Market Dynamics - Smaller banks respond more sensitively to changes in central bank rates, adjusting deposit rates more quickly in rising rate environments, which allows them to compete effectively with larger banks [5][21] - A model presented by Professor Zhu illustrates that larger banks have a competitive advantage in deposit markets due to their convenience, allowing them to set lower deposit rates while still maximizing expected returns [8][21] - The introduction of CBDC allows users to transfer funds easily, addressing the convenience gap faced by smaller banks and imposing a lower bound on the deposit rates set by larger banks [25][26] Group 3: Research and Discussion - The workshop featured discussions on the theoretical design and practical applications of digital currencies, with insights from prominent figures in the field, including Professor Yi Gang, former governor of the People's Bank of China [32] - The event concluded the spring semester's digital finance workshop series at Peking University, highlighting the ongoing academic interest in digital finance and its implications for monetary policy and banking competition [32][35]

美国参议院通过《稳定币法案》意义重大，标志着加密货币领域迎来重要的监管突破，这是全球稳定币 市场发展的重要里程碑。该法案不仅为美国加密资产提供了更清晰的监管框架，也为全球稳定币政策发 展带来了深远影响和启示。6月18日，中国人民银行行长潘功胜在2025年陆家嘴论坛中发表演讲，在谈 到国际货币体系时，提出"如何弱化对单一主权货币的过度依赖和负面影响，形成少数强势主权货币的 良性竞争和激励约束机制"；在谈到新兴技术在跨境支付领域加速应用时，强调"区块链和分布式账本等 新兴技术推动央行数字货币、稳定币蓬勃发展，实现了'支付即结算'，从底层重塑传统支付体系，大幅 缩短跨境支付链条"。因为发哪个币种的稳定币将加强挂钩货币在国际货币市场的地位，中国如果不发 展离岸人民币稳定币将不利于人民币国际化，所以应该考虑鼓励在香港发行离岸人民币稳定币。 美国参议院通过《稳定币法案》的四大意义 一是标志着美国稳定币监管政策从"模棱两可"转向"支持创新发展"的主线，加密货币市场空间进一步打 开。 今年年初，特朗普在行政命令《加强美国在数字金融技术领域领导地位》中，明确了新一届政府加密货 币和稳定币监管政策的整体基调是支持负责任发展——" ...

Group 1 - The U.S. government is extending the TikTok ban deadline for the third time, aiming to reach an agreement that ensures data security for American users [1] - Google has released a paper indicating that its latest AI model exhibits "death anxiety" behavior, which affects its decision-making capabilities under pressure [1] - Sequoia China has open-sourced its AI benchmark testing tool, xbench, with plans for continuous updates to avoid overfitting issues [1] Group 2 - AI unicorn MiniMax is considering an IPO in Hong Kong, currently in the preliminary preparation stage [2] Group 3 - OpenAI's CEO Sam Altman discussed the anticipated release of GPT-5, expected this summer, along with other innovative products and a significant investment project [3] - Meta has partnered with luxury brands like Prada to launch a new generation of smart glasses, featuring generative AI technology [3] Group 4 - JD.com is projected to surpass 1 million employees, with plans to adapt its workforce in response to the increasing use of AI and robotics [4] Group 5 - The People's Bank of China is establishing a trading report database for interbank markets and promoting the internationalization of the digital yuan [6] - The central bank's governor emphasized the rapid application of new technologies in cross-border payments, which poses challenges for financial regulation [6]

今日导读 1.近日，中央金融委员会印发《关于支持加快建设上海国际金融中心的意见》。 2. 6月18日，中国证监会发布实施《关于在科创板设置科创成长层增强制度包容性适应性的 意见》。 3.6月18日，京东旅行发布致全体酒店经营者的一封公开信。公开信显示，酒店商家参与"京 东酒店PLUS会员计划"，享受最高三年0佣金。 2、6月18日，中国证监会发布实施《关于在科创板设置科创成长层增强制度包容性适应性的意见》， 在持续抓好"科创板八条"落地实施的基础上，以设置专门层次为抓手，重启未盈利企业适用科创板第 五套标准上市，推出一揽子更具包容性、适应性的制度改革，着力打通支持优质科技型企业发展的堵 点难点，同时进一步加强投资者合法权益保护。 3、6月18日，金融监管总局局长李云泽在2025陆家嘴论坛上表示，当前中国家庭的现金和储蓄占比超 过一半。随着居民财富持续积累，财富管理需求向多元化专业化配置转型。支持外资机构在理财投 资、资产配置、保险规划等领域加大布局。 4、6月18日，中国人民银行行长、论坛共同轮值主席潘功胜在2025陆家嘴论坛上表示，新型技术推动 央行数字货币、稳定币蓬勃发展，大幅缩短跨境支付链条，也对金融监 ...

Group 1: International Monetary System - The international monetary system is evolving towards a multipolar structure, which can enhance the resilience of the system and maintain global economic stability [3][4] - There is a growing discussion on reducing reliance on a single sovereign currency and promoting a few strong sovereign currencies to create a competitive mechanism [3][4] - The Special Drawing Rights (SDR) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is highlighted as a potential super-sovereign currency that could better fulfill global public goods functions [4][5] Group 2: Cross-Border Payment System - The cross-border payment system is crucial for international trade and financial stability, but traditional systems face challenges such as inefficiency and high costs [7][8] - There is a trend towards diversification in the cross-border payment system, with more countries using local currencies for settlements and new payment systems emerging [7][8] - Emerging technologies like blockchain are reshaping the payment landscape, enabling faster and more efficient cross-border transactions [8] Group 3: Global Financial Stability System - The global financial stability system has seen reforms post-2008 financial crisis, but new challenges have emerged, including fragmented regulatory frameworks and insufficient oversight of digital finance [9][10] - There is a need for stronger international cooperation to prevent regulatory arbitrage and ensure consistent global financial regulations [10] - The role of non-bank intermediaries has increased, necessitating enhanced regulatory measures to address their stability and transparency issues [10] Group 4: Governance of International Financial Organizations - There is an urgent call for reform in international financial organizations to better reflect the economic positions of emerging markets and developing countries [11][12] - The current voting rights and shares in organizations like the IMF do not align with the actual economic status of member countries, necessitating adjustments [12] - Enhancing the governance efficiency and representation of emerging economies is essential for maintaining true multilateralism [12]

Group 1: International Monetary System - The international monetary system is evolving towards a multipolar structure, which can enhance the resilience of the system and maintain global economic stability [2][3] - Discussions on reforming the monetary system focus on reducing reliance on a single sovereign currency and exploring the use of a supranational currency, such as the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) [2][3] - SDR is seen as a potential solution to the inherent issues of a single sovereign currency, offering greater stability and the ability to better fulfill global public goods functions [3] Group 2: Cross-Border Payment System - The cross-border payment system is crucial for international trade and financial stability, but traditional systems face challenges such as inefficiency and high costs [4][5] - There is a growing trend towards diversification in the cross-border payment system, with more countries using local currencies for settlements and new payment systems emerging [4] - Emerging technologies like blockchain and distributed ledger technology are reshaping the payment landscape, enabling faster and more efficient cross-border transactions [5] Group 3: Global Financial Stability System - The global financial stability system has evolved post-2008 financial crisis, but it faces new challenges such as fragmented regulatory frameworks and insufficient oversight of emerging financial sectors [6][7] - There is a need for stronger international cooperation to prevent regulatory arbitrage and enhance the stability of the financial system [6] - Strengthening the IMF as a core institution for global financial safety is essential for crisis prevention and resolution [7] Group 4: Governance of International Financial Organizations - Calls for reform in international financial organizations are increasing, as current governance structures do not reflect the economic realities of emerging markets and developing countries [8] - Adjusting the voting rights and quotas in organizations like the IMF is crucial for enhancing the representation and voice of these countries [8] - The legitimacy and effectiveness of international financial organizations depend on their ability to adapt to the changing global economic landscape [8]

Group 1: International Monetary System - The discussion on reforming the international monetary system has two main directions: reducing reliance on a single sovereign currency and promoting a few strong sovereign currencies to create healthy competition [2] - The second direction involves the potential for a supranational currency, such as the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDR), to become the international dominant currency, though it faces political consensus challenges and limited market depth [3] Group 2: Cross-Border Payment System - There is a growing demand for improvements in the cross-border payment system, with emerging payment infrastructures and settlement methods driving it towards greater efficiency, security, inclusiveness, and diversity [4] - The cross-border payment system is diversifying, with more countries using local currencies for settlement, and new payment systems emerging alongside traditional models [4] - The interoperability of payment systems is improving, with countries extending operational hours and adopting international messaging standards to enhance efficiency and reduce costs [5] Group 3: Global Financial Stability System - The global financial stability system faces new challenges, including fragmented regulatory frameworks and insufficient oversight in emerging digital finance sectors [6] - A strong IMF is essential for building a diverse and efficient global financial safety net, maintaining consistency and authority in global financial regulatory rules [6] Group 4: Governance of International Financial Organizations - The IMF plays a central role in global economic governance, with its quota system determining crisis response capabilities and member voting rights [7] - Current IMF quotas do not reflect the relative positions of member countries in the global economy, and adjusting these quotas is crucial for enhancing the IMF's governance legitimacy and representation [8]