Report Industry Investment Rating - Unilateral: Neutral - Inter - period: UR01 - 05 short at high prices - Inter - variety: None [3] Core Viewpoints - Urea demand is weak, spot prices continue to decline, and futures follow suit. Low - level trading has improved but the sustainability is average. Insufficient domestic demand has led to inventory accumulation in factories, while port inventory has decreased slightly. In the medium - to - long - term, urea supply and demand remain loose due to new capacity release. The market is currently affected by export sentiment, and attention should be paid to subsequent export policies and the procurement rhythm in Northeast China [2] Summary by Content Directory I. Price and Spread - Urea主力收盘1597元/吨（-12）；河南小颗粒市场价1530元/吨（-10）；山东小颗粒市场价1540元/吨（-10）；江苏小颗粒市场价1550元/吨（-10）；小块无烟煤750元/吨（+0）；山东尿素基差-47元/吨（+2）；河南尿素基差-57元/吨（-18）；江苏尿素基差-37元/吨（+2）；尿素生产利润10.0元/吨（-10.0）；出口利润982.4元/吨（+11.3） [1] II. Upstream Supply - As of October 12, 2025, the enterprise capacity utilization rate was 85.67% (+1.97%) [1] III. Downstream Demand - As of October 12, 2025, the compound fertilizer capacity utilization rate was 25.50% (-6.96%), the melamine capacity utilization rate was 65.47% (+4.0%), and the pre - received order days of urea enterprises were 7.00 days (-2.2) [1] IV. Urea Inventory - As of October 12, 2025, the enterprise in - factory inventory was 1.444 billion tons (+212,000), and the port inventory was 415 million tons (-38,000) [1]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In September, the domestic urea market was in a pattern of supply surplus, with weak demand support. The spot price continued to decline, and the futures price fluctuated downward. The urea market remained in a low - valuation and weak - driving situation, and it was recommended to wait and see or look for long - position opportunities after clear positive signals [12]. 3. Summaries According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Monthly Assessment and Strategy Recommendation - **Market Review**: In September, it was the off - season for domestic agricultural demand. Although exports continued, they could not digest domestic production. Enterprise inventories continued to rise, the supply surplus pattern remained unchanged, the spot price continued to fall, the futures price fluctuated, and both the basis and the inter - month spread reached historical lows [12]. - **Supply**: In September, domestic urea production was 5.75 million tons, a month - on - month decrease of 180,000 tons and a year - on - year increase of 110,000 tons. With the return of maintenance devices, the daily output returned to a year - on - year high level, and the supply pressure was high [12]. - **Demand**: In the off - season, the incremental demand mainly relied on exports. Exports increased significantly in August and were expected to remain at a high level in September. The production of compound fertilizers for autumn fertilizers began to decline, and the operating rate returned to a low level [12]. - **Fundamentals**: The spot price continued to decline, and both coal - based and gas - based production profits were at recent lows. The 1 - 5 spread reached a new low, the basis fluctuated at a low level, and the market structure was weak. The export profit was at a high level, and the domestic market was relatively undervalued [12]. - **Inventory**: In September, enterprise inventories increased by 130,000 tons, and the latest inventory was 1.44 million tons, a year - on - year high. Port inventories declined from a high level, and the latest inventory was 415,000 tons [12]. - **Strategy**: It was recommended to wait and see or look for long - position opportunities when the price was low [12]. 3.2 Futures and Spot Market - **Price Changes**: The prices of futures contracts such as 09, 01, and 05 all changed to varying degrees. The prices of domestic spot markets in Shandong, Henan, and other regions also declined. The prices of downstream products such as compound fertilizers and melamine decreased, and international prices generally declined [13]. - **Basis and Spread**: The 9 - 1 spread increased by 139, the 1 - 5 spread decreased by 2, and the 5 - 9 spread decreased by 137. The basis in Shandong, Henan, and other regions also declined [13]. 3.3 Profit and Inventory - **Production Profit**: The profit of fixed - bed production was at a low level compared to the same period, and the profit of gas - based production reached a new low in recent years [31]. - **Inventory**: After the holiday, enterprise inventories further increased, and port inventories declined from a high level [34]. 3.4 Supply Side - **Capacity**: There were planned production - expansion projects for urea, with some enterprises expected to put new production capacity into operation in 2024 - 2025 [45]. - **Operating Rate**: The operating rate of urea production returned to a medium - high level. There were many device maintenance situations, including policy - based, cost - based, and routine maintenance [47][50]. 3.5 Demand Side - **Consumption**: The monthly consumption of urea showed certain seasonal characteristics. The operating rate of compound fertilizers declined, and the profit of compound fertilizer production also changed [56][58]. - **Nitrogen Source Comparison**: The ratios of urea to synthetic ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and monoammonium phosphate all changed [61]. - **Melamine**: The operating rate, profit, and export volume of melamine all showed certain trends [64][66]. - **Terminal Demand**: The export volume of plywood, housing construction data, and real - estate transaction data all affected the demand for urea. The export profit of urea was good, and the export volume also changed [72][82]. 3.6 Option - related - The trading volume, open interest, and PCR indicators of urea options all changed, and the volatility of options also showed certain characteristics [93][95]. 3.7 Industry Structure Diagram - The report presented the urea industry chain, research framework, and industry characteristics through diagrams [106][108][110].

Core Viewpoint - The urea market is experiencing a weak downward trend in prices due to high supply levels and cautious purchasing attitudes from downstream sectors [1][2][3]. Supply Pressure - In September, urea production slightly decreased to 5.78 million tons, a month-on-month decline of 2.51%, while the year-on-year growth rate narrowed to 2.54% [2]. - Despite the production decline, urea inventories have accumulated for seven consecutive weeks, reaching 1.2182 million tons by September 25, an increase of 12.19% from the end of August and 20.15% year-on-year [2]. - New production capacities totaling 1.8 million tons were added in late August, further enhancing market supply capabilities [2]. - Weekly average production reached 201,500 tons by September 25, significantly higher than the same period last year, indicating ongoing supply pressure [2]. Demand Weakness - Downstream demand for urea remains weak, particularly in agriculture, where September is a traditional off-season for nitrogen demand [3]. - The demand from compound fertilizer producers is decreasing seasonally, and industrial demand, particularly from melamine and formaldehyde sectors, is also low [3]. - Despite falling urea prices, there has been no significant increase in purchasing willingness from downstream buyers, keeping prices under pressure [3]. Export Policy Impact - Urea production costs are under pressure due to fluctuating coal prices, with most production processes operating near breakeven [4]. - October is typically a low-demand season for electricity, leading to reduced coal consumption and potential short-term pressure on coal prices, which may weaken cost support for urea [4]. - However, with winter approaching, coal demand is expected to rise, and potential weather-related disruptions could support raw material prices in the long term [4]. Market Outlook - In the short term, the urea market is expected to maintain a loose supply structure with prices likely to remain weak [5]. - Long-term prospects may improve as supply-demand dynamics gradually stabilize and raw material costs provide potential support [5]. - The key factor for price recovery will be the actual evolution of supply-demand conditions in the fourth quarter, along with monitoring changes in export policies [5].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views - In Q3, urea prices were boosted multiple times by domestic anti - involution measures, urea export quota news, and the friendly relationship between China and India. After the domestic positive news was realized, domestic demand was weak, prices declined successively, and the spot decline was greater than the futures decline, gradually turning into futures premium [5]. - In the context of loose supply and demand, urea remains in a weak - running state. The spot price may remain oscillating at a low level around 1,500 - 1,700 yuan/ton. A negative feedback mechanism may form where low prices attract orders, but downstream buyers' "buy - on - rising" behavior leads to sporadic downstream demand. For the futures market, the 01 contract should pay short - term attention to the pressure level around 1,730 yuan/ton, and the 05 contract should focus on the 1,750/1,770 yuan/ton pressure levels. It is expected to mainly sell on rebounds in Q4 [6]. - On the supply side, affected by technological transformation in Shanxi and parade - related maintenance in Q3, urea production decreased quarter - on - quarter. However, with subsequent capacity expansion and the resumption of factory operations, it is expected that after the production recovers, the daily urea output will still fluctuate around 190,000 - 200,000 tons. In Q4 2025, production is expected to be higher than the same period last year due to high - level capacity [6][52]. - On the demand side, since Q3, the demand for autumn fertilizers has been realized, and the operating rate of compound fertilizer plants has rebounded but remained at the same level as previous years, without bringing new urea demand. Currently, most of the autumn fertilizers have been stocked, and the factory operating rate has declined to digest high - level inventories. Industrial demand is relatively sluggish. Although the consumption of thermal power denitration and vehicle urea has increased by about 8% this year, weak real - estate data has dragged down the expansion of urea industrial demand. Although the export policy has been relaxed, the export quota is far less than the surplus in urea supply and demand, making it difficult to fundamentally reverse the loose supply - demand pattern [6]. Summaries by Directory Q3 Market Review - Urea prices in Q3 showed a complex trend. Initially, prices were affected by factors such as gas - head device复产, changes in downstream factory operating rates, and export news, resulting in fluctuations including price drops, rebounds, and high - level consolidations. Eventually, after the export positive news was realized, domestic demand was insufficient, and the market was under pressure to decline due to oversupply [9]. - Due to continued capacity expansion and high - level inventory, urea prices have been lower year - on - year this year and are currently at the lowest level in the same period. It is expected to fluctuate between 1,500 - 1,700 yuan/ton in Q4. After the price fell below 1,600 yuan/ton, downstream buyers started to increase purchases as the futures price rebounded. However, domestic demand is expected to weaken after the National Day holiday, and a negative feedback mechanism may form [21]. - In terms of the term structure, urea maintains a contango structure with near - term weakness and long - term strength. The 1 - 5 spread remains in a discount state. With insufficient domestic demand and continuous inventory accumulation in the industry, the 01 contract oscillates at a low level. It is expected that the 1 - 5 spread will continue to be weak, and attention should be paid to reverse - spread opportunities [27]. - Currently, the basis is low, and the market is in a futures premium stage, suitable for selling hedging. After the basis strengthens, hedging supplies may enter the market, increasing market liquidity. The overall basis fluctuation is small, and it is expected to oscillate with a small amplitude in Q4 [37]. - According to Zhengshang Institute data, the settlement price of the 09 contract was 1,643 yuan/ton, with a 17 - yuan/ton premium for Henan spot and a 37 - yuan/ton premium for Hebei spot. The delivery volume of the UR2509 contract was about 4,274 lots, and the nominal delivery volume was about 85,480 tons, an increase of 3,204 lots compared to the 09 contract last year. The significant increase in futures delivery volume and registered warehouse receipts shows the loose market pattern of urea this year [41]. Supply Analysis - As of now, 3.12 million tons of new urea capacity have been put into operation in 2025, and another 3.56 million tons are expected to be commissioned in Q4. Although some backward capacity is being phased out, the overall capacity is still increasing [47]. - From January to August 2025, the cumulative urea production was about 47.4467 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 4.2092 million tons (+9.74%). Affected by technological transformation in Shanxi and parade - related maintenance in Q3, production decreased quarter - on - quarter. After subsequent capacity expansion and factory resumption, daily production is expected to fluctuate around 190,000 - 200,000 tons. In Q4 2025, production is expected to be higher than the same period last year [52]. - According to Longzhong's statistics, about 63.8 million tons of capacity within a 20 - year operating cycle account for 84% of the total capacity. The impact of anti - involution measures on urea production is limited. Although coal prices have increased significantly due to anti - involution, coal - based enterprises still have profits, so the impact on urea is currently small. However, if coal prices continue to rise or urea prices fall, cost support may emerge [56][60]. - As of September 25, the gross profit of fixed - bed urea production dropped to - 247 yuan/ton, and that of natural - gas - based production dropped to - 225 yuan/ton, while the water - coal - slurry production still had positive gross profit. The probability of large - scale production cuts by natural - gas - based enterprises is low due to long - term contracts with upstream suppliers [60]. - Historically, the urea price in the Shandong market was previously benchmarked against the fixed - bed production cost, and a rebound was likely when approaching the cost line. Since July 2024, the spot market price has gradually moved towards the water - coal - slurry cost, and currently, the cost support of water - coal - slurry is weak [65]. Demand Analysis - In terms of demand structure, agricultural demand is the most important, accounting for about 49%, and compound fertilizer demand accounts for about 25%, with the combined proportion close to 75% [74]. - It is estimated that the wheat sowing area in China in 2025 will be 355 million mu, a slight increase of 0.3% from the previous year. The corn sowing area will be about 44.269 million hectares, with a production of 298 million tons and a yield of 6,733 kg/ha, increasing by 1.08%, 2.76%, and 3.87% respectively compared to the previous year. The agricultural demand for urea is expected to increase steadily by about 5% in 2025 [78]. - The 2024 - 2026 national fertilizer commercial reserve project bidding document has adjusted the off - season storage rules. The proportion of urea in the reserve fertilizer has been reduced from not less than 30% to not less than 20%, and the single - target quantity in some provinces has been adjusted. The off - season storage enthusiasm is expected to increase this year, and the preparation time may be earlier and more dispersed than last year [80]. - Since July, the urea price has been oscillating downward, and the spread between compound fertilizer and urea has widened, leading to a recovery in factory profits. However, due to pre - emptive demand in the first half of the year and high finished - product inventories, factories are currently focusing on inventory digestion, and there has been no significant increase in the operating rate [85]. - As of September 26, the operating rate of compound fertilizer plants was 35.27%, with an average operating rate of 40% this year. After the demand was pre - empted in the first half of the year, the operating rate has been insufficient. Although the demand for autumn fertilizers has been realized in Q3, it has not brought new urea demand. Currently, most of the autumn fertilizers have been stocked, and the factory operating rate has declined [90]. - Other industrial demands include urea - formaldehyde resin, melamine, vehicle urea, and thermal power denitration. The consumption of thermal power denitration and vehicle urea has increased by about 8% this year. However, the real - estate market has been under pressure in 2025, with a 12.9% year - on - year decline in real - estate development investment and declines in new construction, construction, and completion areas, which has dragged down the expansion of urea industrial demand [94]. - As of September 26, the capacity utilization rate of China's melamine was 60.58%, and the average operating rate from January to September was 62%, flat year - on - year. Since August, the operating rate has been lower year - on - year. With the improvement of downstream demand and the resumption of previously - maintained factories, the demand for urea from melamine is expected to improve marginally [98]. - In 2025, the urea export policy has been relaxed, and domestic prices have been boosted multiple times since Q3. However, the export quota is far less than the surplus in supply and demand, making it difficult to fundamentally reverse the loose supply - demand pattern. As the export window closes, the boost from exports is expected to fade [104]. Inventory - As of September 25, the total inventory of urea enterprises was 1218,200 tons, a year - on - year increase of 204,300 tons. The in - factory inventory is at a relatively high level in the same period of the past five years, about 20% higher year - on - year. Since April, the in - factory inventory has been oscillating upwards. With high production and insufficient domestic demand, inventory has continued to accumulate even with the gradual opening of exports. It is expected that the inventory will continue to increase as there is no large - scale procurement demand for autumn fertilizers and the off - season storage is approaching [112]. - Since Q3, the number of days of pending orders for upstream urea factories has been higher year - on - year, mainly supported by export orders. As the export window closes, the shipment pressure of upstream factories may increase [112]. - India's urea inventory is currently at a relatively low level in recent years, and 6 - 9 months account for 70% of its annual demand. India has issued multiple tenders in Q3. The latest tender prices are lower than expected, and the domestic market has not been boosted, with the expected Chinese participation volume around 500,000 - 700,000 tons [114][116]. Supply - Demand Balance Sheet - The report provides a supply - demand balance sheet for urea from 2019 - 2025E, showing the production, export, various demand components, total domestic demand, and surplus volume in each year. In 2025E, the production is expected to be 69.76 million tons, exports 4 million tons, and the surplus is 130,000 tons [118].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - The futures market has stabilized at the bottom of the range, with a slight weekly increase, but the spot market continues to decline, the basis weakens, and the 1 - 5 spread fluctuates at a low level. The supply has recovered, but demand lacks drive, and the overall market sentiment remains weak. Prices are expected to remain in a low - level shock in the short term [12]. - Fundamentally, domestic urea plant operating rate has increased, production is at a high level, demand is average, and corporate inventories are rising. The market is currently characterized by low valuation and weak drive, and there is no significant one - sided trend. It is recommended to pay attention to long positions on dips [12]. 3. Summaries According to the Catalog 3.1. Weekly Assessment and Strategy Recommendation - **Market Review**: The futures market stabilized at the bottom of the range, with a slight weekly increase, while the spot market continued to decline, the basis weakened, and the 1 - 5 spread fluctuated at a low level. The supply recovered, but demand lacked drive, and the market sentiment was weak. Prices are expected to remain in a low - level shock in the short term [12]. - **Fundamentals** - **Supply**: The domestic urea plant operating rate this week was 85.58%, a 4.36% increase from the previous week. Both coal - based and gas - based operating rates rebounded. Daily production rose to 199,300 tons and will remain high in the short term [12]. - **Demand**: The spot market weakened further, and profits from all processes fell to low levels. The pre - order days of enterprises were 6.71 days, a 0.53 - day increase from the previous week. The operating rate of compound fertilizers was 35.27%, a 3.36% decrease from the previous week, mainly due to seasonal decline. Agricultural demand is in the off - season, and exports and pre - orders before the festival provide some support [12]. - **Valuation**: Export profits are high, and the domestic market is relatively undervalued. Urea valuation is low [12]. - **Inventory**: Corporate inventories were 1.2182 million tons, a 52,900 - ton increase from the previous week, at a high level compared to the same period last year. Port inventories were 496,300 tons, a 52,900 - ton increase from the previous week [12]. - **Market Logic**: Supply and demand remain weak, the spot market continues to decline, and the current situation is characterized by low valuation and weak supply - demand, with narrowing price fluctuations [12]. - **Strategy**: Wait and see or look for long - position opportunities on dips [12]. 3.2. Futures and Spot Market - **Futures Contracts**: The 09 contract closed at 1,740, down 4 from the previous week; the 01 contract closed at 1,669, up 8; the 05 contract closed at 1,720, down 2 [13]. - **Spot Market**: Prices in Shandong, Henan, and Hebei all declined, with Shandong and Henan down 10 each, and Hebei down 30 [13]. - **Basis and Spreads**: The basis weakened, and the 1 - 5 spread fluctuated at a low level [12]. 3.3. Profit and Inventory - **Production Profits**: Profits from fixed - bed, water - coal slurry, and gas - based production continued to decline [28]. - **Inventory** - **Enterprise Inventory**: Corporate inventories were 1.2182 million tons, a 52,900 - ton increase from the previous week, at a high level compared to the same period last year [12]. - **Port Inventory**: Port inventories were 496,300 tons, a 52,900 - ton increase from the previous week [12]. 3.4. Supply Side - **Urea Capacity**: Some new production capacity was put into operation in 2024 and 2025 [40]. - **Urea Operating Rate**: The operating rate increased rapidly, with both coal - based and gas - based operating rates rising [12][42]. - **Device Maintenance**: Many enterprises carried out routine, loss - based, and policy - based maintenance, and some enterprises have planned maintenance in October [45][46]. 3.5. Demand Side - **Consumption**: Agricultural demand is in the off - season, and exports and pre - orders before the festival provide some support [12]. - **Compound Fertilizers**: The operating rate declined seasonally, but profits improved [53]. - **Nitrogen Source Price Ratio**: The price ratios of urea to synthetic ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and monoammonium phosphate are presented in the report [57]. - **Melamine**: The operating rate, profits, and export volume data of melamine are provided [59][60][63]. - **Terminal Demand**: Data on the export volume of plywood, housing construction, and real - estate transaction area are presented [69][73]. - **Export**: Export profits are good, and data on the export volume of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and other fertilizers are provided [79][80][82]. 3.6. Options - Related - Data on the trading volume, open interest, PCR, and volatility of urea options are presented [91][93][100]. 3.7. Industrial Structure Diagram - Diagrams of the urea industry chain, research framework, and industry chain characteristics are provided [103][105][107]. - A summary of the seasonal demand for chemical fertilizers in different regions in China and major countries around the world is given, showing that the demand for chemical fertilizers has obvious seasonal characteristics [110].

Report Title - Urea Weekly Report: Nissan Rises, Supply Pressure Increases [1] Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoint of the Report - The market is currently weak, with rising enterprise inventories and falling spot prices. Although the valuation is at a low level, there is limited downside space, but there is no driving force for an upward trend. It is recommended to wait and see or pay attention to long - position opportunities on dips [12]. Summary by Directory 1. Weekly Assessment and Strategy Recommendation - **Market Review**: The futures market continued to fluctuate weakly, closing slightly lower for the week, with prices approaching the lower edge of the range. Enterprises faced pressure to receive orders before the holiday, and the spot market remained weak. The basis and inter - month spreads fluctuated weakly at low levels [12]. - **Supply**: The domestic urea plant operating rate was 81.22%, a 1.88% increase from the previous week, and it is expected to continue rising. The latest daily production was 196,000 tons, and supply pressure has increased again. The enterprise's advance orders were 6.18 days, a decrease of 0.7 days from the previous week, and market sentiment remained cautious [12]. - **Demand**: The compound fertilizer operating rate was 38.63%, a slight increase from the previous week, and it is currently mainly producing wheat fertilizer. It is the off - season for agricultural demand, and there has been no concentrated release of agricultural demand. Coal - based production profits have further declined, and attention should be paid to cost support [12]. - **Fundamentals**: The inter - month spreads and basis were generally weak, both at low levels compared to the same period last year. The export profit was high, and the domestic market was relatively undervalued. Urea was undervalued [12]. - **Inventory**: Enterprise inventories were 1.1653 million tons, a 32,600 - ton increase from the previous week, and at a high level compared to the same period last year, indicating weak domestic demand. Port inventories were 516,000 tons, a 33,400 - ton decrease from the previous week [12]. - **Strategy**: Wait and see or pay attention to long - position opportunities on dips [12]. 2. Futures and Spot Market - **Futures Contracts**: The prices of the 09, 01, and 05 contracts were 1,744, 1,661, and 1,722 respectively. The 09 contract increased by 174, the 01 contract decreased by 2, and the 05 contract increased by 4 compared to the previous week. The 9 - 1 spread increased by 176, the 1 - 5 spread decreased by 6, and the 5 - 9 spread decreased by 170 [13]. - **Spot Market**: The latest prices in Shandong, Henan, and Hebei were 1,640, 1,650, and 1,680 respectively. The Shandong price remained unchanged, while the Henan and Hebei prices increased by 10. The Shandong, Henan, and Hebei basis were - 21, - 11, and 19 respectively, with increases of 2, 12, and 12 compared to the previous week [13]. - **Downstream Prices**: The prices of compound fertilizers (45%S) in Shandong and Hubei were 2,930 and 2,950 respectively. The Shandong price decreased by 20, while the Hubei price remained unchanged. The prices of melamine decreased by 17. The export profit of urea increased by 85 [13]. 3. Profit and Inventory - **Production Profit**: The profit of fixed - bed production decreased again [28]. - **Inventory**: Enterprise inventories were 1.1653 million tons, a 32,600 - ton increase from the previous week. Port inventories were 516,000 tons, a 33,400 - ton decrease from the previous week [12]. 4. Supply Side - **Urea Capacity**: There were planned production - increasing devices in some enterprises, such as Anhui Quansheng Chemical, Henan Jinkai Yanhua, etc. [42]. - **Urea Operating Rate**: The supply has recovered, and the domestic urea plant operating rate was 81.22%, a 1.88% increase from the previous week [12]. - **Enterprise Maintenance**: Many enterprises carried out maintenance, including Hebei Zhengyuan Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc. Some enterprises also have planned maintenance in the future, such as Shanxi Tianze Coal Chemical Group Co., Ltd. [47][48]. 5. Demand Side - **Consumption Forecast**: There are seasonal characteristics in domestic and international fertilizer demand. The peak season in China is from March to July, while in India it is from June to October, and in the United States it is about one month earlier than in China [111][112]. - **Compound Fertilizer**: The compound fertilizer operating rate was 38.63%, a slight increase from the previous week, and it is currently mainly producing wheat fertilizer [12]. - **Nitrogen Source Price Ratio**: Attention should be paid to the price ratios of urea to synthetic ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and monoammonium phosphate [59]. - **Melamine**: The operating rate and profit of melamine have changed, and the export volume also shows certain trends [62][64]. - **Terminal Demand**: The terminal demand is affected by factors such as the real estate market and export volume [70][73]. - **Export**: The export profit is good, and the export volume shows certain changes [80][81]. 6. Option - related - **Urea Options**: The trading volume and open interest of urea options, as well as the PCR of open interest and trading volume, show certain trends. The volatility of urea options also has a certain relationship with the futures price [92][94][101]. 7. Industrial Structure Diagram - **Urea Industry Chain**: It shows the characteristics and structure of the urea industry chain, as well as the research framework analysis [104][106][108].

Core Viewpoint - Urea futures prices have shown a downward trend in early September, with a weak spot market and a bearish sentiment prevailing due to a lack of significant positive drivers [1][2]. Supply Summary - Despite some maintenance leading to a temporary drop in daily production to 190,000 tons, overall domestic urea supply remains relatively high [2]. - The capacity utilization rate is at 79.34%, up 1.24 percentage points from the previous period, with expectations for further increases as maintenance decreases [2]. - Domestic urea companies' total inventory stands at 1.1327 million tons, a 50% year-on-year increase, indicating significant inventory pressure [2]. - Production profits for urea have declined significantly, with new gas flow bed production profits around 300 CNY/ton, traditional fixed bed profits at 50 CNY/ton, and natural gas process profits at 150 CNY/ton [2]. Demand Summary - Urea apparent demand from January to July was 41 million tons, an increase of 2.5 million tons or 8% year-on-year [3]. - Agricultural demand is currently in a seasonal lull, with compound fertilizer companies holding high finished goods inventory and low operating rates [3]. - Industrial demand, particularly from plywood and melamine sectors, remains weak due to sluggishness in the real estate industry, leading to lower operating rates in plywood factories [3]. - Urea futures prices have dropped below 1,700 CNY/ton, with expectations for continued weak fluctuations in prices due to the prevailing supply-demand imbalance [3].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided 2. Core View of the Report - Last week, under the situation of weak supply and demand of urea, both spot and futures prices declined. The high inventory of urea factories restricted the upward space of prices. Currently, the price has dropped to an acceptable low - price range in the market. After the futures sentiment improved, spot low - price purchases began, and the futures market started a technical rebound [2] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Spot Market Dynamics - Last week, affected by the continuous decline of futures, the domestic demand was insufficient, and the spot market was weak, showing a continuous price - reduction trend. Since the weekend, the urea price continued to decline steadily, and new orders had not improved. However, there was an intention to purchase at the current price. Today, affected by the futures rebound, the low - price spot transactions were smooth [4] 3.2 Futures Dynamics - Last week, the urea futures on the disk continued to decline. By September 12, the main January contract of urea closed at 1,663 yuan/ton, a decrease of 55 yuan/ton compared with the settlement price on September 5. The weekly trading volume was 1,496.18 million tons, a week - on - week decrease of 388.56 million tons; the open interest was 817.164 million tons, a week - on - week increase of 146.72 million tons. The futures decline was weaker than the spot decline, and the basis weakened. As of September 15, the 01 contract basis was - 43 yuan/ton, a weekly decrease of 27 yuan/ton; the 1 - 5 spread was - 48 yuan/ton, a weekly decrease of 8 yuan/ton. On September 15, the number of urea warehouse receipts was 8,613, a week - on - week decrease of 154 [6][9] 3.3 Urea Supply End - Last week, the weekly output of urea increased. From September 4 to September 10, the weekly output of urea was 1.2993 billion tons, an increase of 20.3 million tons compared with the previous period, a week - on - week increase of 1.59%, and the average daily output was 185,600 tons. It is expected that the probability of output increase in the next cycle is relatively large. The coal price decreased, and the domestic liquefied natural gas price also declined last week. The price center of synthetic ammonia moved down, while the methanol spot price increased [13][15][16] 3.4 Urea Demand End - Last week, the compound fertilizer price remained flat compared with the previous week. After the parade, the operating load of compound fertilizer factories rebounded, and the finished product inventory of compound fertilizer factories decreased continuously this month. However, the fertilizer stockpiling was nearly 70% - 80%, and the subsequent increment was limited. The capacity utilization rate of melamine decreased, and the demand for urea increased insufficiently [18] 3.5 Inventory Data - As of September 12, 2025, the total inventory of Chinese urea enterprises was 1.1327 billion tons, a week - on - week increase of 37.7 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 382.8 million tons. The port sample inventory was 549.4 million tons, a decrease of 71.5 million tons compared with the previous week [21] 3.6 International Market - India's NFL's urea import tender on September 2 determined a transaction of about 2.03 billion tons, and it is estimated that China's urea supply in this tender may be 700 - 800 million tons. As of September 12, the FOB prices of small - and large - particle urea in different regions showed different trends of increase and decrease [23]

Market Overview - Urea futures prices have declined, with the 2601 contract closing at 1663 CNY/ton on September 12, down 64 CNY/ton or 3.67% from the end of August, primarily due to weak demand and disappointing Indian tender results [3][5] - The domestic spot market also showed weakness, with prices in various regions dropping between 60 to 90 CNY/ton compared to the end of August [3] Supply Side - Domestic urea production capacity utilization rate was 79.34% as of September 12, down 3.05 percentage points from the end of August, with a daily average production of 18.56 million tons, a decrease of 71.42 million tons from the end of August [7] - Despite a slight decrease in daily production, supply pressure remains due to high overall production levels, with expectations of a rebound in production as previously shut-down facilities resume operations [6][7] Demand Side - Agricultural demand is currently slow, with a seasonal gap in demand for urea, leading to cautious purchasing behavior among downstream distributors [9] - Industrial demand has not shown growth compared to previous years, with fertilizer manufacturers operating at low capacity utilization rates and high inventory levels [9][12] Inventory Levels - Urea production companies have seen an increase in inventory, with factory stock reaching 113.27 million tons as of September 12, up 4.69 million tons from the end of August [15] - Port inventory decreased slightly, but overall inventory levels remain high, indicating ongoing supply pressures [15] Cost Factors - The profitability of urea production has decreased due to falling prices, with various production methods experiencing reduced or negative margins [18] - Coal prices have stabilized, but overall demand remains limited, affecting the cost structure of urea production [18] Conclusion - The urea market is characterized by strong supply and weak demand, leading to continued price pressure [19] - Future demand may see some support from seasonal agricultural needs, but overall market conditions suggest limited upside potential for prices in the near term [19]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core View of the Report - The urea market is currently in a state of overall over - supply in China, with the daily production and operating rate remaining at a relatively high level and the inventory at a high position. Although the international urea price is strong and the export profit is high, the export policy has not been significantly liberalized. The market is expected to be volatile today, influenced by factors such as the international price and domestic demand changes [4][5]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Urea Overview - **Fundamentals**: The urea futures market has seen a volatile decline recently. The previous price increase was due to rumors of export liberalization, but market sentiment has since cooled. The daily production and operating rate are high, and inventory is at a high level. Industrial demand from compound fertilizers and melamine has slightly rebounded, while agricultural demand has reached a short - term peak. The overall supply exceeds demand in the domestic market, and the export policy has not been significantly liberalized. The spot price of the delivery product is 1760 (unchanged), and the fundamentals are generally bearish [4]. - **Basis**: The basis of the UR2601 contract is 89, with a premium - discount ratio of 5.1%, indicating a bullish signal [4]. - **Inventory**: The UR comprehensive inventory is 1.41 million tons (+0.8), which is a bearish factor [4]. - **Disk**: The 20 - day moving average of the UR main contract is downward, and the closing price is below the 20 - day line, suggesting a bearish trend [4]. - **Main Position**: The net long position of the UR main contract is increasing, which is a bullish sign [4]. - **Expectation**: The main contract of urea is expected to fluctuate. With the international urea price being strong and the export policy not being more liberal than expected, the domestic over - supply situation remains obvious [4]. Factors Affecting Urea Price - **Bullish Factors**: The international urea price is strong [5]. - **Bearish Factors**: The operating rate and daily production are at a high level, and domestic demand is weak [5]. - **Main Logic**: The main influencing factors are the international price and the marginal change of domestic demand [5]. Market Data - **Spot Market**: The price of the spot delivery product is 1760, unchanged; the FOB price in China is 2919 [6]. - **Futures Market**: The price of the 01 contract is 1671 (+2), the basis is 89 (-2); the price of the UR05 contract is 1719 (unchanged), and the price of the UR09 contract is 1595 (-18) [6]. - **Inventory Data**: The warehouse receipt is 8897 (unchanged), the UR comprehensive inventory is 1.41 million tons (unchanged), the UR manufacturer's inventory is 917,000 tons (unchanged), and the UR port inventory is 493,000 tons (unchanged) [6]. Supply - Demand Balance Sheet - From 2018 to 2024, the urea production capacity has been increasing year - by - year, with growth rates ranging from 8.4% to 15.5%. The output, net import volume, apparent consumption, and actual consumption have also shown corresponding changes. In 2025E, the production capacity is expected to reach 49.06 million tons, with a growth rate of 11.0% [9].