India embraces free(er) trade 纳伦德拉·莫迪政府推动传统封闭经济的历史性开放 © FT 合成图；法新社/盖蒂图片社/祖玛 上周，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪宣布与美国达成新的贸易协定，而就在一周前，印度刚刚与欧盟达 成了一项全面的贸易协定。印度议员们拍着桌子，高喊着莫迪的名字。 "这些协议将使印度的制成品关税税率达到两三年前根本无法想象的水平，"莫迪的前首席经济顾 问、现任彼得森国际经济研究所研究员的阿文德·苏布拉马尼亚说。 随着美印协议的细节在周末曝光，反对派指责莫迪在农产品关税和停止购买俄罗斯石油的承诺上 向特朗普"屈服"，但商务部长皮尤什·戈亚尔表示，该协议将"为印度出口商打开一个价值 30 万 亿美元的市场"。 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普本月宣布，美国将大幅削减对印度商品的关税。 © Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images 美国达成的这项协议反映了莫迪政府在国内和国际上面临的双重现实。印度如今发现自己夹在动 荡不安的国家之间，同时又需要大力发展劳动密集型制造业，以创造更多像其他亚洲国家那样以 出口为导向的增长。 分析人士称，莫迪自 2014 年上任以来一直积极推行贸 ...

Core Points - India and the US have reached a temporary trade agreement framework after a year of negotiations, with India asserting that the agreement protects its core agricultural interests, while domestic opposition views it as a compromise to the US [1][4] - The agreement includes provisions for India to lower tariffs on US industrial products and various food items, while the US will reduce its "reciprocal tariffs" on certain Indian goods from 25% to 18% [3][4] - The agreement aims to facilitate a bilateral trade deal, with plans for a formal signing in March [4] Trade Agreement Details - India will eliminate or reduce tariffs on US industrial products and multiple food and agricultural products, while the US will lower tariffs on some Indian goods [3] - India has committed to increasing imports from the US, targeting approximately $500 billion in energy products, aircraft, precious metals, technology products, and coking coal over the next five years [3] - The agreement also addresses non-tariff barriers, market access, economic security, and digital trade [3] Domestic Reactions - Indian officials, including Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal, have praised the framework as beneficial for Indian exporters, particularly farmers and small businesses, claiming it opens a $30 trillion market [5] - However, the agreement has faced strong criticism from opposition parties and organizations in India, which argue it compromises farmers' interests and national sovereignty [5][6] - The "United Farmers Front" has condemned the agreement, warning of potential nationwide protests if it is signed, citing concerns over tariff imbalances favoring US agricultural products [6] Key Factors Influencing Agreement - Analysts suggest that India's ability to reduce imports of Russian oil and the protection of Indian farmers' interests will be crucial for the successful finalization of the agreement [7][8] - The US has indicated that if India continues to import Russian oil, it may reinstate tariffs, complicating negotiations [7] - The potential impact on Indian agriculture and the trade balance with the US is a significant concern, with warnings that increased imports could erase India's trade surplus with the US [8] Future Negotiations - The issue of Russian oil procurement remains a focal point for future negotiations, with India likely to seek a compromise that satisfies both the US and its own energy needs [9] - There is a belief that India may gradually reduce its Russian oil imports to meet US demands while maintaining a balance in its foreign relations [9]

新华社柏林2月7日电 题：市场"用脚投票"——从德国外贸结构看德中合作韧性 新华社记者李函林 车云龙 德国联邦统计局最新数据显示，2025年德国对华贸易额达2530亿欧元，同比增长约2.7%，中国再次成 为德国最大贸易伙伴。国际观察人士指出，在美国滥施关税、抬高贸易壁垒的背景下，这一结构变化反 映出企业与市场的理性选择，凸显德中合作在复杂环境中的稳定和韧性。 中德经济高度互补 德国联邦统计局数据显示，2025年德国与美国贸易额为2416亿欧元，同比下降4.4%。该机构数据显 示，2016年至2023年，中国保持德国最大贸易伙伴地位。2024年，美国成为德国最大贸易伙伴。 分析人士认为，中国再次成为德国最大贸易伙伴是外部政策变化与市场内在需求共同作用的结果。荷兰 国际集团宏观研究主管卡斯滕·布热斯基说，美国关税政策正在削弱德国对美出口能力。同时，德中合 作在产业协同、供应链稳定性和市场互补性方面持续展现优势，反映出中国对自由贸易和多边主义的长 期承诺，以及两国经济结构的高度互补。 此外，德国化工巨头巴斯夫集团持续扩大在华布局，其在湛江建设的一体化基地去年底启动生产。这是 巴斯夫迄今最大的单笔投资项目，预计总投资 ...

2026年1月27日，印度和欧盟宣布达成被称为"所有协议之母"的自由贸易协定，这场谈了近20年的协议终于落地。欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩称其为"历史性成 就"，印度总理莫迪则强调协议将覆盖全球25%的GDP和三分之一贸易额，惠及20亿人口。协议直接反击了美国特朗普政府的高关税政策——美国对印度商 品加征50%关税后，印度转身与欧盟联手，用全球最大自贸区之一的市场向保护主义"叫板"。 根据协议细则，印度将对欧盟取消或降低96.6%商品的关税，欧盟则对印度99.5%的商品减免关税。最受关注的是汽车领域：印度此前对欧盟汽车征收高达 110%的关税，协议规定5年内降至10%，并给予欧盟每年25万辆汽车的进口配额。这一突破对大众、奔驰等欧洲车企是重大利好，此前欧洲品牌在印度440 万辆年销量的市场中占比不足4%。 同样大幅降税的还有酒类。印度对欧盟葡萄酒的关税从150%先降至75%，最终稳定在20%左右；橄榄油关税5年内从45%降为零。欧盟则向印度的纺织品、 海产品、珠宝等劳动密集型产品全面开放市场，这些产品关税直接归零。欧盟预计，协议生效后每年可节省40亿欧元关税成本，到2032年对印度出口额将翻 番。 印欧自贸谈判始于 ...

Core Insights - The "Export to China" initiative is a proactive measure by China to expand its openness, increase imports, and promote balanced trade development [1][3] - The first event of the "Shared Market · Export to China" series took place in Beijing, attended by over 150 guests, including ambassadors from various countries [1] - China is projected to surpass 140 trillion yuan in economic output and 50 trillion yuan in retail sales by 2025, with imports expected to reach 18.5 trillion yuan [1] Group 1: Event Overview - The "Export to China" series aims to enhance cooperation and trade balance, inviting countries like the UK, Kazakhstan, and Kenya to participate as annual theme countries [3] - The UK became the first country to sign a memorandum of understanding with China regarding the "Export to China" initiative, establishing a cooperation mechanism to explore export potential [3][5] - The initiative is seen as a timely follow-up to the memorandum signed during UK Prime Minister Starmer's visit to China, focusing on enhancing trade facilitation and promoting quality goods [3][4] Group 2: Market Opportunities - The initiative is expected to provide unique value for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the UK, facilitating their access to the Chinese market [5] - German companies view China as a key market for high-tech and high-quality products, recognizing the increasing competition and the need for innovation [6] - The Italian market sees significant opportunities in exporting high-quality goods to China, particularly in machinery, healthcare, and traditional industries like fashion and food [7]

奥尔西表示，乌方恪守一个中国原则，坚定支持习近平主席提出的系列全球倡议，期待同中方密切 高层交往，积极参与共建"一带一路"，深化各领域合作，加强多边协调。 央广网北京2月4日消息 据中央广播电视总台中国之声《新闻和报纸摘要》报道，2月3日下午，国 务院总理李强在北京人民大会堂会见来华进行国事访问的乌拉圭总统奥尔西。 李强表示，习近平主席同总统先生举行会谈，就进一步深化中乌关系达成重要共识。中方愿同乌方 一道遵循两国元首战略引领，在涉及彼此核心利益问题上相互支持，继续坚持开放共赢，拓展贸易、科 技和产业创新、绿色经济等领域合作，加强人文交流，更好造福两国人民。双方要密切多边协调，维护 多边主义、自由贸易，捍卫全球南方共同利益。 吴政隆参加会见。 ...

（来源：沈阳日报） 转自：沈阳日报 临近春节，智利车厘子有望再度成为中国消费者的年货"顶流"。在智利圣安东尼奥港商务经理克里斯蒂 安·舒维特看来，这份跨越半个地球的新鲜与甜蜜，是智利整条车厘子产业链、进出口企业与智中政府 长期共同努力的成果。 圣安东尼奥港位于智利中部太平洋沿岸，是智利车厘子输华主要出口通道之一。不久前，该港口刚刚送 走2025/2026年产季最后一艘直达中国的海运"车厘子快线"货船。数据显示，该港口在当前产季共运出 14690个满载车厘子的集装箱，较上一产季增加17%。 "车厘子出口呈现稳健增长态势，这对该产业长期发展来说是积极信号。"舒维特说。智利农业部和央行 统计数据显示，2025年9月至12月，智利车厘子出口量达25.7万吨，同比增长37%；2025年智利车厘子 全年出口额约33.8亿美元，约占该国对外贸易总收入的3%。 智利塔尔卡大学农学院车厘子研究小组主任米格尔·帕尔马表示，中国每年消费智利车厘子出口总量的 约九成，中国市场对智利车厘子产业发展有着重要影响。 智利车厘子缘何在中国市场实现快速增长？帕尔马认为，一方面，智利作为南半球车厘子产区，恰巧能 在中国的冬季实现反季供应，弥补本 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent ruling by the Panama Supreme Court declaring the concession rights of China’s Long Jiang He Ji as "unconstitutional" has been celebrated by some U.S. politicians and media as a significant victory in curbing Chinese influence, reflecting Washington's geopolitical arrogance and interference in commercial cooperation [1][2]. Group 1: Geopolitical Context - The U.S. has historically viewed the Panama Canal as a strategic asset, despite officially transferring control in 1999, and has repeatedly expressed intentions to regain control over it [1]. - The ruling raises questions about its independence, given the U.S. pressure on Panama to eliminate Chinese influence [1]. Group 2: Economic Implications - Long Jiang He Ji has operated the ports for nearly 30 years, contributing to local development and global free trade, with the U.S. also benefiting from this arrangement [2]. - The focus on the Panama port operations should center on the conflict between free trade and hegemonic practices, as well as the contrast between contractual integrity and power politics [2]. Group 3: Legal and Investment Concerns - The manipulation of commercial contracts by political pressures undermines global investment credibility, leading to fears that no long-term investment is safe within the Western system [2]. - The U.S. is seen as eroding the foundational trust of capitalism by using diplomatic coercion to influence legal outcomes, which could ultimately damage its international credibility and the space for multinational business interactions [2][3]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The Panama Canal, a crucial maritime trade route, is set to undergo global bidding, and there is hope that Panama will demonstrate true independence and provide a fair competitive environment for all participants [3]. - The trend of politicizing economic issues and weaponizing legal tools poses a threat to the international economic order, potentially leading to a breakdown of trust in the rules-based system [3].

Core Insights - The signing of the free trade agreement between India and the EU marks a significant shift in global trade dynamics, creating a super trade zone that encompasses a population of 2 billion and accounts for a quarter of global GDP and a third of global trade volume [2][3]. Trade Dynamics - The agreement results in the elimination or substantial reduction of tariffs on over 90% of EU export goods, with India committing to phase out tariffs on more than 90% of EU goods within seven years [4]. - Notably, India's import tariff on European cars will be reduced from a high of 110% to 40%, with potential further reductions to 10%, facilitating access for major European automotive brands to the Indian market [4]. Labor Mobility - The agreement includes provisions for labor mobility, allowing EU member states to issue up to 100,000 multi-year work permits and at least 35,000 graduate residence permits to Indian citizens over the next five years [5][8]. Historical Context - The negotiation process for the free trade agreement spanned nearly 20 years, beginning in 2007, and faced significant challenges, particularly in areas such as automobiles and agriculture, leading to a nine-year stalemate [9][10]. - The negotiations were revitalized in 2022, influenced by external pressures, particularly from U.S. trade policies under the Trump administration, which prompted both India and the EU to seek closer cooperation [12]. Strategic Considerations - The cooperation between India and the EU extends beyond trade and labor mobility, encompassing security and defense partnerships aimed at enhancing strategic autonomy and balancing regional influences, particularly concerning China [13][16]. - The agreement is viewed as a strategic choice for both parties, driven by mutual interests and geopolitical considerations, potentially reshaping the global trade landscape and fostering new opportunities for both populations [15].

新华网国际看点｜英首相时隔8年再访华，中英合作迎来哪些新机遇？ 英国首相斯塔默于1月28日至31日对中国进行正式访问。此次访问，中英达成了哪些重要共识？两国在 经贸、多边主义等领域合作迎来哪些新机遇？西方多国近期为何不约而同"向东看"？本期"新华网国际 看点"连线中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所所长陈旸和北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院 教授崔洪建，对此进行深度解读。 新华网：英国首相时隔8年再次访华，哪些重要因素促使斯塔默选择在此时来访？ 中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所所长陈旸：原因我觉得有三个：从双边关系上讲，英国首相已经8 年未曾到访中国。这8年里，其他欧洲大国纷至沓来。现在连特朗普都想来。英国在发展对华关系上属 实落后了，急需补课。斯塔默明确表示不与中国接触就是失职，他将访问中国看成改善对华关系的新起 点，也是其任内必须完成的使命任务。 从经贸关系上看，中英合作有利可图。中国是英国的第三大贸易伙伴，中英贸易为英国提供了数十万的 就业岗位。中国莫大的市场红利是英国无法忽视的机会目标。搭上中国经济的快车，是斯塔默将首相外 交转化为经济利益，进而转化为政治资本最为可靠和客观的路径。 从战略上看，英国 ...