Core Insights - The overall asset quality of the banking industry in China remained stable in the first half of 2025, with a slight decrease in the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio, although there are regional disparities in credit quality [1] Summary by Category Asset Quality - As of June 2025, the average NPL ratio for commercial banks in China was 1.49%, with 16 out of 25 regions reporting an increase in NPL ratios compared to the beginning of 2025, indicating that while risks are generally controllable, localized pressures continue to be released [1] Regional Performance - Regions such as Gansu, Shanghai, Heilongjiang, and Hebei have successfully reduced both NPL ratios and the scale of NPLs, achieving improvements in one or both metrics [1] Bank Performance - The NPL ratios for state-owned banks and joint-stock banks were reported at 1.21% and 1.22%, respectively, both showing a decrease or remaining stable compared to the beginning of 2025 [1]

Group 1 - The LPR has remained unchanged for four consecutive months, with the 1-year rate at 3.0% and the 5-year rate at 3.5% [1][3] - Commercial banks' net interest margin has dropped to a historical low of 1.42% as of Q2 2025, down 10 basis points from the previous quarter [3][9] - The traditional banking model of earning interest from loans and deposits is under unprecedented pressure due to declining loan interest rates and limited room for deposit rate cuts [5][9] Group 2 - The current deposit rates for large commercial banks have reached historical lows, with demand deposit rates at 0.05% and 1-year fixed deposit rates at 0.95% [5][9] - The LPR pricing mechanism is influenced by the 7-day reverse repurchase rate, which has remained stable at 1.40%, limiting the potential for LPR decreases [5][7] - The net interest margin has fallen below the non-performing loan rate, indicating a significant imbalance between bank earnings and risks [9][14] Group 3 - Non-interest income from intermediary business has shown signs of recovery, with a 6.97% year-on-year growth in the first half of 2025, indicating banks are seeking new profit growth points [9] - The collaboration between banks and insurance companies has become a key focus, with significant growth in insurance sales through bank channels [9][11] - The global monetary policy landscape is diverging, with some countries maintaining their interest rates while others follow the U.S. Federal Reserve's lead [11][13]

证券时报记者谢忠翔 2025年上半年，全国银行业资产质量总体保持稳定，不良贷款率小幅下降，不同地区之间信贷质量有所 分化。 证券时报记者梳理国家金融监督管理总局网站数据发现，已公布2025年6月末银行业不良贷款数据的25 个地区（含省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市）中，16个区域不良贷款率较2025年年初有所上升，但相 对于全国商业银行1.49%的平均不良率水平，大多数区域仍低于该指标，反映出风险整体可控，局部压 力仍在持续释放。 其中，甘肃、上海、黑龙江、河北等地通过持续压降不良，实现不良率与不良贷款规模"双降"或单指标 改善。 多地不良率持续改善 2025年上半年，全国多数地区银行资产质量保持稳健，其中国有大行、股份制银行不良率分别为1.21% 和1.22%，较2025年初均有所下降或持平。 从全国不同地区看，各地银行业资产质量仍有所差异。据证券时报记者梳理，全国已公布2025年6月末 数据的25个地区中，若以全国商业银行不良贷款率1.49%为基准，高于该基准的地区有9个。而浙江、 江苏、北京、上海、厦门和安徽6个地区该项指标均低于1%。 今年上半年，甘肃、上海、黑龙江及河北等地不良贷款率实现下降，资产质量 ...

Core Viewpoint - Harbin Bank reported a net profit of 915 million yuan for the first half of 2025, marking a year-on-year increase of 19.96%, despite facing challenges such as a declining net interest margin and a relatively high non-performing loan ratio [1][2][6]. Financial Performance - The bank achieved an operating income of 7.386 billion yuan, up 2.59% year-on-year, and a net profit of 999.2 million yuan, reflecting a 17.28% increase [2]. - The average return on total assets was 0.22%, an increase of 0.02 percentage points year-on-year, while the average return on equity rose to 2.07%, up 0.57 percentage points [2]. - Interest income decreased significantly, with net interest income at 4.413 billion yuan, down 11.4% year-on-year [2]. Asset Quality - The non-performing loan ratio stood at 2.83%, only slightly down by 0.01 percentage points from the previous year, which is notably higher than the average of 1.76% for city commercial banks [1][6]. - The bank's non-performing loan balance was 11.27 billion yuan, with a provision coverage ratio of 209.95%, up 7.36 percentage points year-on-year [6]. Capital Adequacy - As of June 30, 2025, the core tier 1 capital adequacy ratio was 8.52%, down 0.16 percentage points from the end of the previous year, indicating pressure on capital replenishment [7]. - The total assets reached 927.528 billion yuan, a 1.23% increase from the end of the previous year, while customer loans and advances rose by 4.87% to 397.566 billion yuan [5]. Future Outlook - The bank anticipates continued pressure on net interest margin and net interest yield due to external uncertainties and intense competition [3]. - Harbin Bank plans to enhance its capital management and diversify its profit channels to improve its internal capital generation capacity [7].

Core Viewpoint - Jiangxi Bank reported a decline in both revenue and net profit for the first half of 2025, primarily due to a significant drop in investment income [4][5]. Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, Jiangxi Bank achieved revenue of 4.604 billion yuan, a decrease of 19.91% year-on-year [3]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was 558 million yuan, down 10.53% compared to the previous year [3]. - Interest income was 377.726 million yuan, a decline of 5.27% year-on-year [3]. - Net commission and fee income increased by 5.27% to 24.558 million yuan [3]. - Investment income plummeted to 461 million yuan, a decrease of 65.88% year-on-year, down 889 million yuan from the previous year [5][6]. Asset Quality - As of June 30, 2025, the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio was 2.36%, an increase of 0.21 percentage points from the end of 2024 [8]. - The total amount of non-performing loans reached 8.617 billion yuan, up 1.029 billion yuan from the end of 2024 [8]. - The overdue loan balance was 13.171 billion yuan, an increase of 3.189 billion yuan from the end of 2024 [8]. - The bank's provision coverage ratio was 154.85%, down 5.2 percentage points from the end of 2024 [8]. Investment Strategy - Jiangxi Bank's financial investment balance as of mid-2025 was 158.014 billion yuan, a decrease of 6.377 billion yuan year-on-year [7]. - The bank reduced its fund investments by 37.79% to 18.430 billion yuan while increasing bond investments by 8.98% to 127.008 billion yuan [6]. Regulatory and Compliance Issues - Jiangxi Bank was rated as "D" class in a recent evaluation of underwriters, indicating weak business capabilities and compliance issues [10][11]. - The bank faced administrative penalties for improper handling of non-performing loans and other regulatory violations [9][12].

Core Viewpoint - Harbin Bank reported a revenue of 7.386 billion RMB for the first half of 2025, marking a year-on-year growth of 2.59%, and a net profit of 992 million RMB, which represents a 17.28% increase compared to the previous year [1][2]. Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, Harbin Bank's net interest income was 4.413 billion RMB, down 11.37% from 4.979 billion RMB in the same period of 2024 [2]. - The bank's net fee and commission income increased by 29.72% to 269.3 million RMB compared to 207.6 million RMB in the previous year [2]. - Operating expenses rose by 6.85% to 2.245 billion RMB, while credit impairment losses were 4.457 billion RMB, reflecting a 2.15% increase [2][5]. - The pre-tax profit was 681.3 million RMB, down 7.17% from 733.9 million RMB in the previous year [2]. Profitability Metrics - The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 915.4 million RMB, a 19.96% increase from 763.1 million RMB in the same period of 2024 [2]. - The bank's net profit for 2023 and 2024 was reported at 888 million RMB and 1.082 billion RMB, with year-on-year growth rates of 24.65% and 21.88%, respectively [2]. Asset Quality - As of June 30, 2025, Harbin Bank's non-performing loan (NPL) balance was 11.270 billion RMB, with an NPL ratio of 2.83%, a slight decrease from 2.84% at the end of the previous year [3][4]. - The provision coverage ratio improved to 209.95%, an increase of 7.36 percentage points from the previous year [3]. Loan Composition - The total amount of customer loans and advances was 397.566 billion RMB, with normal loans accounting for 91.2% of the total [4]. - The bank's non-performing loans were categorized as follows: 6.0% under special mention, 0.4% under substandard, 0.1% under doubtful, and 2.3% under loss [4]. Management Changes - In November 2024, the board of Harbin Bank approved the resignation of Deng Xinquan as executive director and chairman, with Yao Chunhe being elected as the new chairman [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - China Minsheng Bank's performance is challenged by rising loan impairment losses and declining net profit, despite a growth in revenue [2][5]. Financial Performance - In the first half of the year, China Minsheng Bank reported operating income of 72.384 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.83%, while net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 4.87% to 21.38 billion yuan [5]. - The increase in credit impairment losses was significant, rising by 26.70% year-on-year, which heavily impacted net profit [5][6]. Loan Quality - The bank's non-performing loans (NPLs) increased, with the NPL amount reaching 66.052 billion yuan, a growth of 0.67% from the end of the previous year, resulting in an NPL ratio of 1.48%, up by 0.01 percentage points [6]. - The migration rates for substandard and doubtful loans also saw a significant rise, with substandard loan migration rate at 171.38%, up by 84.53 percentage points [6]. Regional Performance - The Bohai Rim region experienced a substantial decline in performance, with operating income dropping by 18.41% to 6.551 billion yuan and a total profit loss of 2.034 billion yuan [7][8]. - In contrast, other regions showed mixed results, with only two regions reporting a decline in total profit without incurring losses [8].

Core Insights - The operating conditions of small and medium-sized banks in China have shown significant differentiation and competition, with new changes emerging in their performance during the first half of the year [2][5]. Group 1: Performance of Listed Banks - As of mid-2023, the total asset scale of 42 A-share listed banks reached approximately 321 trillion yuan, with 27 city commercial banks and rural commercial banks accounting for about 36 trillion yuan, an increase of over 3 trillion yuan compared to the end of last year [3]. - City and rural commercial banks have seen their share of total assets among listed banks rise from less than 11% at the end of last year to approximately 11.21% [4]. - Jiangsu Bank has overtaken Beijing Bank to become the new leader among city commercial banks, with an asset scale of 4.79 trillion yuan, growing at a rate of 21.16%, the highest among all listed banks [5][6]. Group 2: Financial Metrics - Jiangsu Bank reported revenue of 448.64 billion yuan and a net profit of 202.38 billion yuan for the first half of the year, with growth rates of 7.08% and 8.05% respectively, while Beijing Bank's revenue and net profit growth were only 1.02% and 1.12% [5][6]. - The net interest margin (NIM) among listed banks shows significant variation, with the highest being 2.58% for Changshu Bank and the lowest at 1.08% for Xiamen Bank [9][10]. - The overall NIM for commercial banks was reported at 1.42%, with city commercial banks at 1.37% and rural commercial banks at 1.58% [9]. Group 3: Asset Quality and Risks - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio for city and rural commercial banks remains a critical risk factor, with the highest NPL ratio reported at 1.81% for Lanzhou Bank, and several banks exceeding 1.7% [10][12]. - Qingnong Bank's NPL ratio for real estate loans surged from 7.17% to 21.32%, indicating significant risk exposure in this sector [12][13]. - The report highlights that personal loans and loans to the real estate sector are primary areas of risk exposure for banks [12]. Group 4: Non-Listed Banks - Non-listed small and medium-sized banks have also experienced changes, with some rural commercial banks seeing significant declines in asset scale, such as Ningbo Yinzhou Rural Commercial Bank, which dropped by 15.45% [14]. - The reliance on financial investments has increased among banks, particularly rural commercial banks, with some reporting financial investments constituting over 45% of their total assets [14][15].

Core Viewpoint - The operational performance of most small and medium-sized banks in the first half of the year shows a continued trend of differentiation and competition, with notable changes emerging in the landscape [1] Group 1: Performance of Listed Banks - The total asset scale of 42 A-share listed banks reached approximately 321 trillion yuan, with 27 city commercial banks and rural commercial banks accounting for about 36 trillion yuan, an increase of over 3 trillion yuan compared to the end of last year [2] - City and rural commercial banks have seen their asset share in listed banks rise from less than 11% at the end of last year to approximately 11.21% [3] - Jiangsu Bank has overtaken Beijing Bank to become the new leader among city commercial banks, with an asset scale of 4.79 trillion yuan, reflecting a growth rate of 21.16%, the highest among all listed banks [3][4] - The top six city commercial banks achieving over 10 billion yuan in net profit include Jiangsu Bank, Ningbo Bank, Beijing Bank, Nanjing Bank, Shanghai Bank, and Hangzhou Bank [5] Group 2: Financial Metrics and Risks - The net interest margin (NIM) among listed city and rural commercial banks shows significant differentiation, with a gap of 150 basis points between the highest and lowest [7] - Some banks have reported non-performing loan (NPL) ratios exceeding 21%, particularly in the real estate sector, with individual banks experiencing extreme cases of low NIM and high NPL ratios [1][7] - As of the end of the first half, the NPL ratio for listed banks showed that four city commercial banks and one rural commercial bank had the highest ratios, with Lanzhou Bank at 1.81% [8][10] Group 3: Non-Listed Banks and Overall Trends - Non-listed small and medium-sized banks have also shown varied performance, with some experiencing significant asset declines, such as Ningbo Yinzhou Rural Commercial Bank, which saw a 15.45% drop [12] - The reliance on financial investments has increased among banks, particularly rural commercial banks, with some having over 45% of their assets in financial investments [12] - The overall trend indicates that while many banks maintain positive growth, challenges remain in asset quality and profitability, with only one-fifth of banks achieving an increase in NIM [13]

Core Viewpoint - The overall non-performing loan (NPL) ratio of listed banks in China remains at an excellent level in the first half of 2025, with most banks showing stable or improved asset quality, while some retail loan segments are experiencing increased pressure on asset quality [1][7]. Group 1: Non-Performing Loan Ratios - Among A-share listed banks, 20 banks reported a decrease in NPL ratios, with declines ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 percentage points, while 15 banks maintained stable NPL ratios [2]. - Sixteen listed banks have NPL ratios below 1%, with Chengdu Bank reporting the lowest at 0.66% [2]. - Xi'an Bank achieved the largest reduction in NPL ratio, decreasing by 0.12 percentage points to 1.6% by the end of June [2][3]. Group 2: Risk Management Trends - The risk management trends highlighted by bank executives include the ongoing clearance of risks in real estate and local government financing platforms, while retail sectors like personal loans are under pressure [1][4]. - Agricultural Bank of China reported a 0.05 percentage point decrease in the NPL ratio for real estate loans by the end of June [4]. - The overall NPL ratio for state-owned banks averaged 1.21%, outperforming the industry average by 0.28 percentage points [3]. Group 3: Retail Loan Quality Concerns - Several banks, including Huaxia Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, have seen increases in personal loan NPL ratios compared to the beginning of the year [7]. - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China noted that retail loan asset quality is generally declining due to market conditions, but expects improvements as economic policies take effect [7][8]. - Credit card transactions and personal loans are facing significant challenges due to consumption downgrades and adjustments in the real estate market, as stated by China Merchants Bank [7]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Analysts from Huatai Securities believe that the asset quality of corporate loans is improving, particularly in the real estate sector, with expectations for continued improvement in the second half of the year [6]. - Despite the overall stability in NPL ratios, there are concerns about the underlying asset quality, particularly in retail loans, which may face pressure from the actual economic conditions [8].