[ 7月份，美国消费者物价指数（CPI）同比增长2.7%，核心CPI通胀为3.0%，较4月份分别高出0.4和0.2 个百分点。 ] 1951年，美联储与美国财政部签署协议，终结联储利率与国债利率的绑定，拉开了捍卫货币政策独立性 的序幕。此后，美联储与美国政府围绕货币政策主导权之争互有胜负。自上世纪80年代沃尔克铁腕加息 抗通胀，引领美国经济走出滞胀，进入增长稳定、通胀较低的大缓和时代后，美联储的独立性成为美元 国际信用的重要基石。 在疫情大流行背景下，受财政货币双刺激及供应链中断影响，2021年以来美国遭遇了40年一遇的高通 胀。但受益于通胀预期稳定，美联储2022年3月以来的激进紧缩在降低通胀的同时保持了增长和就业稳 定，到去年9月重启降息，美国经济"软着陆"几乎唾手可得。然而，特朗普重返白宫后有恃无恐地干预 美联储操作，成为今年上半年美元指数暴跌的重要推手。现在，美联储被置于三重险境，美元信用下降 和美元汇率颓势都恐尚未见底。 政策进退两难 特朗普在竞选期间标榜关税是其字典里最美的词汇。自今年1月二次入主白宫后，特朗普频频挥舞关税 大棒：以232条款和301条款为由，对钢铝、汽车等特定商品及其衍生品加征关 ...

Core Viewpoint - A-shares lead global markets, with the rapid appreciation of the RMB and a decline in the US dollar index driven by interest rate cut expectations, while gold surpasses $3,400 [1] Global Major Asset Performance - Last week (August 25-29, 2025), major economic stock markets showed mixed results, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 0.8%, while the emerging market stock index fell by 0.6% [6] - Most commodities saw price increases, with IPE Brent crude oil futures up by 0.5% and London gold rising by 2.2% [6] - The US dollar index remained stable, closing up by 0.1% for the week [6] - The 10-year US Treasury yield slightly decreased from 4.26% to 4.23% [6] US Economic Overview - The US second-quarter GDP growth rate was revised to 3.3% year-on-year [6] - The core PCE price index year-on-year growth rate increased, with July's PCE index rising by 2.60% and core PCE by 2.88% [6] - Initial jobless claims decreased to 229,000 [6] - Personal disposable income grew by 4.6% year-on-year, while personal consumption expenditure increased by 4.7% [6] - The consumer confidence index fell to 58.2 in August from 61.7 [6] - Inflation expectations rose, with the one-year inflation expectation increasing to 4.8% from 4.5% [6] European Economic Overview - The Eurozone consumer confidence index dropped to -15.5 in August from -14.7 [6] - The Eurozone economic sentiment index fell to 95.2 from 95.7 [6] Monetary Policy Insights - Multiple Federal Reserve officials hinted at a potential interest rate cut in September [6] - The US appeals court ruled that most of Trump's global tariffs were illegal but allowed the government to retain tariff measures [6] - Hopes for a trade agreement between the US and India appear dim, with the US imposing a 50% tariff on India [6] - The Bank of Japan indicated that the current economic environment is more favorable for interest rate hikes compared to April [6]

美联储被置于三重险境，美元信用下降和美元汇率颓势都恐尚未见底。 1951年，美联储与美国财政部签署协议，终结联储利率与国债利率的绑定，拉开了捍卫货币政策独立性 的序幕。此后，美联储与美国政府围绕货币政策主导权之争互有胜负。自上世纪80年代沃尔克铁腕加息 抗通胀，引领美国经济走出滞胀，进入增长稳定、通胀较低的大缓和时代后，美联储的独立性成为美元 国际信用的重要基石。 在疫情大流行背景下，受财政货币双刺激及供应链中断影响，2021年以来美国遭遇了40年一遇的高通 胀。但受益于通胀预期稳定，美联储2022年3月以来的激进紧缩在降低通胀的同时保持了增长和就业稳 定，到去年9月重启降息，美国经济"软着陆"几乎唾手可得。然而，特朗普重返白宫后有恃无恐地干预 美联储操作，成为今年上半年美元指数暴跌的重要推手。现在，美联储被置于三重险境，美元信用下降 和美元汇率颓势都恐尚未见底。 政策进退两难 特朗普在竞选期间标榜关税是其字典里最美的词汇。自今年1月二次入主白宫后，特朗普频频挥舞关税 大棒：以232条款和301条款为由，对钢铝、汽车等特定商品及其衍生品加征关税；以芬太尼问题为由， 对加拿大、墨西哥、中国等特定国家加征关税；以 ...

Group 1 - Chinese concept stocks surged, with Alibaba's stock price rising over 11% [2][4] - Alibaba's significant profit increase of 76% year-on-year, reaching 42.382 billion yuan, exceeded market expectations [5] - The development of a new AI chip by Alibaba, which is expected to fill the gap left by NVIDIA's challenges in the Chinese market [6] Group 2 - The Nasdaq index fell over 1%, contrasting with the rise in Chinese concept stocks, influenced by the news regarding Alibaba's chip [2][6] - The core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index rose by 2.9% in July, matching expectations but accelerating from the previous month [6] - Consumer sentiment weakened in August, with the core consumer confidence index dropping to 58.2, a decrease of 5.7% from July and 14.3% year-on-year [7][8]

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury market remains relatively calm despite increasing criticism from President Trump towards the Federal Reserve, indicating growing investor concerns about potential interference in central bank decisions [1][3] - The 10-year breakeven rate reached a six-month high of 2.46% before falling to 2.41%, driven by a decline in TIPS yields to a four-month low of 1.81% due to increased demand for risk hedging [1][3] - Since April, inflation expectations among bond investors have been rising, nearing the peak of 2.52% reached in February, as Trump continues to pressure the Fed for interest rate cuts [3][4] Group 2 - The potential appointment of another Federal Reserve governor by the government could lead to a majority of Trump-appointed officials on the Fed board, raising concerns about the independence of the central bank [4] - The yield spread between 30-year and 5-year Treasury bonds has widened to the highest level since 2001, reflecting a market shift towards a potential policy paradigm change that may push the economy towards overheating [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Central Bank of Egypt has significantly cut interest rates by 200 basis points, marking the third rate cut of the year, driven by declining inflation and improving employment conditions [1][3]. Monetary Policy - The overnight deposit rate has been reduced from 24.00% to 22.00%, and the overnight lending rate from 25.00% to 23.00% [3]. - The Central Bank aims to anchor inflation expectations and maintain a downward trajectory of inflation through this rate cut [3]. - The unemployment rate decreased from 6.3% in Q1 2025 to 6.1% in Q2 2025, indicating a positive trend in the job market [3]. Inflation Outlook - The Central Bank forecasts that the average inflation rate for 2025 will be between 14% and 15%, with a target of 7% by Q4 2026 and 5% by Q4 2028 [3][5]. - Despite the positive outlook, inflation remains above the target level, indicating ongoing challenges [5]. Economic Growth - Egypt's economy is showing signs of recovery, with a real GDP growth rate of 5.4% in Q2 2025, compared to 2.4% in the previous fiscal year [4]. - The non-oil manufacturing sector grew by 16.03%, contributing 1.9 percentage points to GDP growth [7]. - The tourism sector, particularly restaurants and hotels, experienced a growth of 23% [7]. - Exports of goods and services surged by 54.4% in Q2, significantly outpacing the 18.7% increase in imports, contributing approximately 2.7 percentage points to GDP growth [7]. Sectoral Performance - The communication and information technology sector grew by 14.7% [7]. - However, the Suez Canal's transport volume has decreased due to geopolitical tensions, leading to a 23.1% decline in related revenues [7]. - The oil and gas sector is facing challenges but is expected to recover with new development projects [7].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints - A-shares stabilized and rebounded, while commodities showed differentiation. The fundamentals in July remained resilient, with economic data in China and the US showing a mixed picture. Powell's attitude turned dovish, which may pave the way for a Fed rate cut in September. The current commodity fundamentals are still weak, and the volatility of commodity prices may remain high. The strategy is to go long on industrial products on dips [1][2][3][4] Summary by Related Catalogs Market Analysis - In July, the global economic data remained resilient. China's official manufacturing PMI in July dropped to 49.3, while the non-manufacturing sector maintained expansion. China's exports in July increased by 7.2% year-on-year in US dollars, higher than expected. The money supply in financial data exceeded expectations, but the financing and loan data were still weak. Investment data in economic data still faced significant pressure. On August 29, more than 2,800 stocks in the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing stock markets were in the green. The total turnover of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 2.97 trillion yuan, a decrease of more than 190 billion yuan from the previous trading day. In the bond market, Treasury bond futures tumbled in the afternoon, with the 30-year main contract falling more than 0.7%. In the commodity market, domestic commodity futures continued to decline, with the container shipping index falling more than 3% and lithium carbonate once falling more than 5%. The onshore RMB against the US dollar closed at 7.1385 on August 28, up 237 points from the previous trading day. In the US, the non-farm payrolls data in July was below expectations, but the PMI in August continued to improve [1] Tariff Policies - On July 31, the White House issued an executive order to reset the "reciprocal tariff" rate standards for some countries. On August 19, the US Commerce Department announced that 407 product categories would be included in the steel and aluminum tariff list, with a 50% tariff rate. Trump said he would announce semiconductor tariffs within two weeks, with a possible rate of 300%. He also threatened to impose about 200% tariffs on China for rare earth magnet supplies and implement export restrictions and tariff measures against foreign digital taxes. The EU reiterated its right to formulate digital rules and refuted the US accusations. The EU plans to legislate to cancel US industrial product tariffs this week to exchange for the US to lower automobile tariffs. The US's 50% tariff increase on India has officially taken effect, and Indian exporters said a large number of orders have been cancelled [2] Central Bank Stances - On August 22, Powell's speech at the global central bank annual meeting turned dovish. He believed that the current situation means that the downside risk to employment has increased, and this change in the risk balance may mean that the policy stance needs to be adjusted. He clearly abandoned the 2020 flexible average inflation target framework and emphasized that the idea of "intentionally allowing inflation to moderately overshoot" is no longer applicable. After Powell's dovish turn, it paves the way for the Fed to cut interest rates in September, making the path of rising overseas inflation smoother. The European Central Bank's July meeting minutes showed that officials believed the inflation risk was "generally balanced" [2] Commodity Analysis - The black and new energy metal sectors are the most sensitive to the domestic supply side. The energy and non-ferrous sectors are more significantly benefited from overseas inflation expectations. Fundamentally, the black sector is still dragged down by the downstream demand expectation, and attention should be paid to the fact of "anti-involution". The supply constraint in the non-ferrous sector has not been alleviated. In the chemical sector, the "anti-involution" space of varieties such as methanol, PVC, caustic soda, and urea is also worthy of attention. Agricultural products are driven by tariffs and inflation expectations in the short term, but they still need to wait for signals from the fundamentals. Currently, the commodity fundamentals are still weak, and a cautious attitude should be maintained towards the implementation of current policy expectations. The volatility of commodity prices may still be high [3] Strategy - For commodities and stock index futures, go long on industrial products on dips [4] To-Do List - The main goal is to make important progress in the construction of a modern people's city by 2030, with continuous improvement of policies and systems suitable for high-quality urban development, accelerated transformation of old and new driving forces, obvious improvement of living quality, in-depth promotion of green transformation, strong consolidation of the safety foundation, full display of cultural charm, and significant improvement of governance level; basically build a modern people's city by 2035 [6] Market Trends - The market rebounded after hitting a low during the day. The Shanghai Composite Index rose more than 1% at the end of the session, the ChiNext Index rose more than 3%, and the STAR 50 Index soared more than 7%. More stocks rose than fell, with more than 2,800 stocks in the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing stock markets in the green. The total turnover today reached 3 trillion yuan. As of the close, the Shanghai Composite Index rose 1.14%, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 2.25%, and the ChiNext Index rose 3.82% [6] Exchange Rate - The onshore RMB against the US dollar officially closed at 7.1385 at 16:30 Beijing time, up 237 points from the official closing price of the previous trading day and up 115 points from the night session closing price of the previous day [6] Legal Dispute - On August 28, Fed Governor Lisa Cook filed a lawsuit in court, challenging President Trump's attempt to remove her from office on the grounds of fraud in her mortgage application. This move has triggered a historic legal battle over the Fed's independence [6] Economic Data - The revised annualized quarterly growth rate of the US real GDP in the second quarter was 3.3%, higher than the expected 3.1% and the previous 3%. The revised annualized quarterly growth rate of the US core personal consumption expenditure (PCE) price index in the second quarter was 2.5%, in line with expectations and the previous value. Data shows that the US economic growth rate in the second quarter was slightly faster than the initial level, thanks to the rebound in corporate investment and strong trade. Net exports contributed nearly 5 percentage points to GDP, a record high; previously, net exports dragged down GDP growth in the first three months of this year [6] Central Bank Meeting Minutes - The European Central Bank's July meeting minutes showed that most officials believed the inflation risk was "generally balanced", and their outlook for consumer prices still applied. The meeting summary released on Thursday showed that although further interest rate cuts were mentioned, keeping the deposit rate at 2% after eight interest rate cuts was considered a "prudent" approach. "Most members believed that the risks to the inflation outlook were generally balanced. The resilience shown in recent eurozone economic data has been fully reflected in the baseline scenario of the June forecast, and this forecast has been widely verified. Most policymakers believed that the current interest rate level was reasonable, the inflation rate was maintained around the 2% target, and the economy has so far shown resilience to headwinds such as tariffs and wars. In July, the EU and the US reached a trade agreement, locking in a 15% tariff for most export commodities in the region [6]

Group 1 - The independence of the Federal Reserve is facing significant challenges for the first time in decades, posing major risks to markets and the economy [1] - Trust in central banks is crucial for anchoring inflation expectations, and the effectiveness of monetary policy is enhanced by their independence [1] - Recent pressures from U.S. President Donald Trump, including attempts to dismiss Federal Reserve officials, have intensified the debate around central bank independence [1] Group 2 - Europe has a strong tradition of central bank independence, which is legally enshrined in EU treaties, reducing the likelihood of a similar situation as in the U.S. [2] - The European Central Bank is closely monitoring inflation trends, with expectations to maintain the deposit rate at 2% for the second consecutive month [2] - Geopolitical uncertainties and trade wars are overshadowing economic prospects, with inflation expected to fall below the 2% target in the short term due to various factors [2]

Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller advocates for an immediate interest rate cut, supporting a 25 basis point reduction at the upcoming September meeting, with expectations for further cuts in the next 3 to 6 months [1][3]. Summary by Sections Interest Rate Policy - Waller supports a 25 basis point rate cut at the Federal Reserve's next monetary policy meeting on September 16-17, 2023, and anticipates additional cuts in the following months [1][3]. - He emphasizes that the neutral interest rate is around 3%, significantly lower than the current target range of 4.25%-4.50% [3]. Economic Indicators - Waller notes that the potential inflation rate is nearing the Fed's long-term target of 2%, while labor market weakness is becoming a concern [3]. - The recent non-farm payroll data showed a significant drop in job growth, with only 73,000 jobs added in July, and the unemployment rate rising to 4.2% [5]. Internal Fed Dynamics - Waller and fellow voting member Michelle Bowman expressed a rare divergence in opinion, advocating for a rate cut while others preferred to maintain the current rates [4]. - This internal disagreement highlights differing assessments within the Fed regarding tariffs and economic outlook [4]. Market Reactions - The market data supports the case for a rate cut, as the labor market shows signs of deterioration, which may prompt the Fed to adjust its policy stance [5].

Group 1 - Federal Reserve Governor Waller supports a 25 basis point rate cut in September and anticipates further cuts in the next 3 to 6 months unless there is a significant deterioration in August employment data and inflation remains controlled [1][2] - Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook has filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration, challenging the legality of her dismissal, and claims that any issues with mortgage documents may be mere "clerical errors" [1] - The European Commission proposed two legislative measures to implement a joint tariff declaration with the U.S., which includes the U.S. reducing tariffs on EU cars and parts from 27.5% to 15% [1] Group 2 - The Bank of Korea maintained its benchmark interest rate at 2.5%, indicating a pause in easing policies until financial imbalances in real estate, credit, and foreign exchange markets are significantly alleviated [1] - The Bank of Korea raised its 2025 economic growth forecast from 0.8% to 0.9% and increased its inflation forecast from 1.9% to 2.0% [1] Group 3 - Eurozone economic sentiment index fell to 95.2 in August, down from 95.7 in July, indicating continued weak market confidence and unclear economic recovery prospects [2] - U.S. Q2 real GDP annualized revised growth rate increased by 3.3%, surpassing expectations of 3.1% and the initial estimate of 3.0% [2] - Initial jobless claims in the U.S. were 229,000, lower than the expected 230,000, indicating stability in the job market [2] Group 4 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose by 0.16% to 45,636.9 points, the S&P 500 increased by 0.32% to 6,501.86 points, and the Nasdaq Composite climbed by 0.53% to 21,705.16 points, with both the Dow and S&P reaching new closing highs [3] Group 5 - COMEX gold futures increased by 0.82% to $3,476.9 per ounce, while COMEX silver futures rose by 1.27% to $39.71 per ounce [4] Group 6 - U.S. crude oil futures rose by 0.27% to $64.32 per barrel, and Brent crude oil futures increased by 0.31% to $67.65 per barrel [5] - The 2-year U.S. Treasury yield rose by 1.64 basis points to 3.627%, while the 5-year yield fell by 1.24 basis points to 3.687%, the 10-year yield decreased by 3.29 basis points to 4.201%, and the 30-year yield dropped by 4.68 basis points to 4.872% [5] - The U.S. dollar index fell by 0.33% to 97.87, with the euro rising by 0.38% against the dollar to 1.1682 [5]