远东研究·违约专题 2026 年 1 月 30 日 作者：简尚波 邮箱：research@fecr.com.cn 民企新增债券违约率环比下降，新增两家企业违约 ——2025 年第四季度信用债违约分析 摘 要 2025 年第四季度（简称"第四季度""本季度"），债券市场共 有 3 只债券新发生违约，涉及 3 家违约主体，违约时的债券余额 合计 24.14 亿元，第四季度新增违约债券只数和相关债券余额相 对上年同期有所下降。第四季度，债券市场新增主体违约率为 0.04%，较上个季度（0.07%）相比有所减少；新增债券违约率为 0.01%，低于上个季度（0.02%）水平。第四季度，民营企业新增 债券违约率为 0.04%，较上个季度（0.19%）显著下降；国有企业 未发生新增债券违约。 相关研究报告： 本季度债市新增首次违约主体 2 家，为上海华铭智能终端设 备股份有限公司（简称"华铭智能"）、天安人寿保险股份有限 公司，旗下各有 1 只债券违约。根据可获公开数据，华铭智能近 年经营状况持续亏损状态，自身造血能力均不足以对公司债务偿 还提供充分保障。近年来，该公司暴露信息披露违规等问题。2025 年 7 月，该公司被 ...

Group 1: Banking Sector - The report anticipates that banks will maintain a certain demand for bond allocation in 2026, with an estimated bond allocation amount of 9.19 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth rate of 5.4% [1][8] - In 2025, the bond allocation scale of banks increased significantly, with a cumulative bond allocation of 8.2 trillion yuan from January to October, representing a 24% increase compared to the same period in 2024 [7] - The report highlights a structural differentiation in bond allocation, with state-owned banks and city commercial banks increasing their allocation due to relatively sufficient funds, while rural commercial banks showed weaker allocation due to higher deposit pressure [7] Group 2: Defense and Military Industry - The defense industry is expected to focus on domestic demand and military trade breakthroughs, with a projected defense budget of 1.78 trillion yuan for 2025, a year-on-year increase of 7.15% [12] - Key investment areas include the military aircraft engine supply chain, infrared technology for dual-use, and laser weapons with high application prospects in anti-drone fields, with specific companies recommended for investment [2][13] - The report notes that the military-civilian integration will provide long-term alpha for military enterprises, emphasizing the importance of transitioning from scale expansion to high-quality development [2][13] Group 3: Macroeconomic Overview - The report indicates that economic growth momentum remains weak, particularly in domestic demand, with industrial and service sector growth rates continuing to decline [3][15] - November data shows a significant drop in fixed asset investment, with a cumulative decline of 2.6% from January to November, and a 30.3% year-on-year decrease in real estate development investment [16] - The central economic work conference emphasizes the need to expand domestic demand and implement more proactive fiscal policies to address the supply-demand imbalance [17] Group 4: Home Appliance Industry - The home appliance sector is advised to focus on leading companies with strong configuration value, particularly in the white goods segment, with recommendations for Haier and Midea [4][24] - The report highlights the importance of innovation in smart terminals and suggests monitoring companies like Anker Innovation and Roborock for potential growth opportunities [4][24] - The impact of subsidy policies and market sentiment is noted, with expectations for a stable domestic market for home appliances if subsidy policies continue [19][20]

Core Insights - The analysis by Western Fixed Income indicates a significant decline in credit bond defaults for 2025, suggesting an improvement in the credit environment [1] Group 1: Default Trends - The number and amount of credit bond defaults have continued to decrease, with 16 defaults totaling 15.084 billion yuan in 2025, representing a reduction of 54 defaults and 77.145 billion yuan compared to 2024 [2] - The historical peak of default amounts occurred in 2021, with a steady decline observed since then, indicating an improving credit environment [2] - Among the defaults, 11 were substantial defaults, while 5 were extensions, with substantial defaults making up 73.4% of the total from 2014 to 2025 [2] Group 2: Defaulting Entities - All 16 defaulting bonds in 2025 were issued by non-state-owned enterprises, with the real estate sector having the highest number of defaults (4 entities), followed by non-bank financials (3 entities) [4] - The total number of defaulting entities from 2014 to 2025 shows a significant predominance of non-state-owned enterprises, with 265 defaults compared to 46 from state-owned enterprises, indicating higher stability and risk resistance in state-owned enterprises [5] Group 3: Industry Distribution - Defaulting entities span across 30 primary industries, with real estate (57 entities), comprehensive (36 entities), and basic chemicals (18 entities) being the most affected [6] - The real estate sector experienced a peak in defaults from 2022 to 2023, but the number has decreased to 4 in 2025, although it remains a primary risk area in the credit bond market [6] Group 4: Default Rates and Recovery - The marginal default rate for 2025 is 0.22%, the second lowest since 2014, with a total of 5,568 effective issuers at the beginning of the year [9] - The overall recovery rate for defaults since 2014 is 13.76%, with state-owned enterprises achieving a recovery rate of 27.12%, significantly higher than the 10.28% for non-state-owned enterprises [9][11]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2025, the number and scale of credit bond defaults decreased significantly, and the credit environment improved. The number of defaulted bonds was 16, with a total default amount of 15.084 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 54 bonds and 77.145 billion yuan respectively [1][11]. - All first - time defaulting entities in 2025 were non - state - owned enterprises, and the number of defaults in the real estate industry decreased. Looking ahead to 2026, real estate may still be the main risk point in the credit bond market, and local risks of some weak - qualified small and medium - sized financial institutions should be vigilant, but the probability of a systemic impact on the market is low [1][13]. - The default rate dropped to a historically low level. In 2025, the marginal default rate was 0.22%, the second - lowest since 2014 [1][22]. - Last week, after an important meeting released a signal of monetary easing, credit bond yields turned downward in the second half of the week but the repair momentum was weak. Looking forward, due to the impact of wealth management funds returning to the balance sheet at the end of the quarter, incremental funds may be limited, and there is insufficient impetus to compress credit spreads. It is recommended to focus on the coupon strategy [2]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 2025 Credit Bond Market Default Feature Summary - **Default Quantity and Scale Decreased Significantly, Credit Environment Improved**: In 2025, the number and amount of defaulted credit bonds continued the downward trend of the previous year. There were 16 defaulted bonds with a total amount of 15.084 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 54 bonds and 77.145 billion yuan respectively. From 2014 - 2025, substantial defaults were the main type in the credit bond market (73.4%), and in 2025, there were 11 substantial defaults and 5 extensions [11]. - **First - time Defaulting Entities were All Non - state - owned Enterprises, Real Estate Industry Default Quantity Decreased**: The 16 first - time defaulted bonds in 2025 came from 12 non - state - owned enterprise issuers, covering 6 industries such as real estate and non - bank finance. Historically, non - state - owned enterprises had significantly more defaults than state - owned enterprises. The real estate industry was still the main risk point in 2026, and local risks of some small and medium - sized financial institutions should be watched out for [13][17]. - **Default Rate Dropped to a Historically Low Level**: In 2025, the marginal default rate was 0.22%, the second - lowest since 2014. The overall recovery rate from 2014 to 2025 was 13.76%, with state - owned enterprises having a higher recovery rate of 27.12% than non - state - owned enterprises at 10.28% [22]. 3.2 Credit Bond Yield Overview - Last week, after an important meeting released a signal of monetary easing, credit bond yields turned downward in the second half of the week but the repair momentum was weak. Overall, credit bond yields showed mixed trends, with financial bonds performing better than non - financial credit bonds, and the 3 - year non - financial credit bonds performing better [27]. - Wealth management scale and the proportion of broken - net products decreased. The average yield of wealth management products had been declining for 6 consecutive weeks since early November. Looking forward, due to the impact of wealth management funds returning to the balance sheet at the end of the quarter, incremental funds may be limited, and there is insufficient impetus to compress credit spreads. It is recommended to focus on the coupon strategy. Institutions with stable liability ends can moderately participate in 3 - year medium - and high - grade bank secondary and perpetual bonds and securities firm subordinated bonds with relatively high spreads [29][36]. 3.3 Primary Market - **Issuance Volume**: Last week, the issuance scale of credit bonds increased both month - on - month and year - on - year, while the net financing scale decreased month - on - month and increased year - on - year. The net financing scale of urban investment bonds and financial bonds decreased month - on - month, while that of industrial bonds increased [37]. - **Issuance Cost**: The average issuance interest rate of credit bonds increased slightly. The average issuance interest rate of urban investment bonds increased month - on - month, while that of industrial and financial bonds decreased [45]. - **Issuance Term**: The average issuance term of credit bonds decreased month - on - month. The issuance terms of industrial and financial bonds decreased, while that of urban investment bonds increased [47]. - **Cancellation of Issuance**: The number and scale of cancelled credit bond issuances decreased last week [53]. 3.4 Secondary Market - **Trading Volume**: Except for the trading volume of securities firm subordinated bonds, the trading volume of other types of credit bonds rebounded last week, with the trading volume of bank secondary capital bonds increasing by over 13 billion yuan. The trading terms of different types of bonds showed different trends in terms of remaining maturity and implied rating [57][58]. - **Trading Liquidity**: The turnover rates of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds increased last week. The turnover rates of different terms of each type of bond also showed different trends [59]. - **Spread Tracking**: Last week, most urban investment bond spreads widened, with the 10 - year AA + grade urban investment bond spreads widening the most. Most industrial bond spreads also widened, with the real estate industry having the largest spread widening for both AAA and AA grades. Most bank secondary and perpetual bond spreads narrowed, while the spreads of securities firm subordinated bonds widened across the board, and most insurance subordinated bond spreads narrowed [65][73][76]. 3.5 Weekly Hot Bonds Overview Based on qeubee's bond liquidity scoring, the top 20 urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds in terms of liquidity scores were selected for investors' reference [80]. 3.6 Credit Rating Adjustment Review Last week, 3 bonds had their debt ratings downgraded, and there were no upgrades [84].