《参考消息》1月7日刊发秘鲁《商报》网站文章《2026，人类将再度聚焦太空的一年：月球与火星仍是 主要目标》。 0:00 新华社音视频部制作 ...

而在11月，特朗普又重新提名艾萨克曼。在本月早些时候的听证会上，艾萨克曼表示他将支持特朗普开采月球资源的愿望。此前特朗普明确表示，他希望美 国建立一个永久性月球基地，以便开采资源并作为通往火星的跳板。 当地时间12月17日，美国参议院正式批准任命亿万富翁、私人宇航员贾里德·艾萨克曼担任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）局长。据央视新闻报道，美国参议 院以67票赞成、30票反对的投票结果，确认其担任NASA第15任局长。 ▲贾里德·艾萨克曼 非典型掌舵人： 净资产12亿美元，两度太空旅行 本职是商人的艾萨克曼今年42岁，一直以来也是航天爱好者，他曾通过自筹资金进行地球轨道实验飞行，在航天领域声名鹊起。如今，他也成为第一位来自 政府之外的美国航天局局长。 艾萨克曼的净资产估计为12亿美元，主要来自他的支付处理公司以及出售一家培训飞行员并运营私人军用飞机机队的公司所得。美国航天局局长一职将是他 涉足政坛的第一份工作。 美国航天局的管理人员通常从科学家、工程师、学者或公务员中选拔。这使得身为科技企业家的艾萨克曼成为美国航天局一位非典型的领导人。尽管他在科 学界和华盛顿特区的部分人士中招致了一些批评，但也得到了一些支持。支 ...

路透社援引艾萨克曼的发言稿称，"美国将在我们的强大竞争对手之前重返月球，并将建立持久的存在，以充分认识并实现月球表面的科学、经济 和国家安全价值。"路透社分析称，尽管艾萨克曼没有在发言稿中直接点名中国为竞争对手，但中国计划在2030年前实现中国人首次登陆月球。 这是艾萨克曼第二次被提名为NASA局长。彭博社称，与4月第一次参加提名确认听证会的证词相比，艾萨克曼为3日准备的发言稿更明确提及与 中国的太空竞赛，表现出更强烈的紧迫感，甚至警告称落后于中国可能给美国带来严重后果。 中方曾多次强调，中国始终坚持和平利用外空，反对外空军备竞赛，也反对外空武器化。中国无意和任何国家搞太空竞赛，也不谋求所谓的太空 优势。 【环球时报特约记者 王逸】被美国总统特朗普提名出任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）局长的贾里德·艾萨克曼将于当地时间3日参加国会参议院 提名确认听证会，阐述与中国的登月竞赛以及深空探索计划。据路透社2日透露，艾萨克曼届时将表示，他希望扩大对核动力推进和商业努力的投 资，以帮助美国在中国之前重返月球。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes China's commitment to the peaceful use of outer space and its opposition to the militarization of space and arms races [1] - China expresses no intention to engage in a space race with any country and does not seek a so-called space advantage [1] - The article references a statement made by U.S. President Trump regarding the dominance of the U.S. in space over Russia and China, prompting the response from the Chinese Foreign Ministry [1]

Core Viewpoint - NASA's lunar program is facing delays, prompting the agency to consider opening contracts to other companies to ensure a timely return to the Moon ahead of China [1][2][4]. Group 1: NASA's Lunar Program - NASA's Artemis mission aims for a long-term human presence on the Moon and preparation for Mars exploration, with the Artemis III mission scheduled for 2027 [1][6]. - The Artemis III mission was initially planned for 2024 but has been delayed to 2027 due to various setbacks, including issues with SpaceX's Starship [5][6]. - NASA's acting administrator, Sean Duffy, has expressed urgency in competing with China for lunar exploration, indicating a willingness to replace SpaceX with other contractors if necessary [2][4]. Group 2: SpaceX's Role - SpaceX was awarded a $2.9 billion contract to provide the Human Landing System (HLS) for the Artemis III mission, but progress has been slow, with multiple flight failures since 2025 [1][5]. - Elon Musk has defended SpaceX's progress, claiming it is significantly faster than competitors and asserting confidence in the Starship's eventual success [5]. Group 3: Competitors and Industry Dynamics - Other companies, including Blue Origin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman, are also involved in supporting NASA's Artemis program [4]. - Duffy has hinted at the possibility of Blue Origin taking over SpaceX's role if they can deliver results more quickly [2][4]. - NASA is actively seeking proposals from SpaceX and Blue Origin to accelerate the development of the lunar lander by October 29 [5]. Group 4: China's Lunar Program - In contrast to the challenges faced by NASA, China's lunar exploration program is progressing steadily, with plans for a manned lunar landing by 2030 [8]. - China's advancements include successful tests of the Long March 10 rocket and ongoing development of various lunar mission components [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the competitive landscape between the United States and China in space exploration, particularly focusing on lunar missions, with NASA expressing determination to lead the race against China [1][2][4]. Group 1: NASA's Position and Plans - NASA Administrator Sean Duffy emphasized the urgency of the U.S. lunar program, stating that the agency must win the race against China to return astronauts to the Moon [1][2][3]. - NASA recently selected 10 new astronauts from over 8,000 applicants, which includes 6 women and 4 men, indicating a commitment to future missions, including potential Mars missions [7]. - The Artemis II mission, a crewed lunar flyby, is now scheduled for February 2026, showcasing NASA's efforts to accelerate its lunar exploration timeline [7][8]. Group 2: Challenges and Comparisons - NASA faces challenges with the Artemis program, including delays in the development of the SpaceX Starship, which is critical for lunar landings [8][9]. - In contrast, China's lunar exploration program is progressing steadily, with multiple successful missions paving the way for a manned lunar landing by 2030 [9]. - China's National Space Administration has expressed a commitment to international cooperation and sharing scientific findings, contrasting with the competitive rhetoric from NASA [9].

Group 1: Historical Context of Space Films - The first Soviet science fiction film, "Queen of Mars Alita," released in 1924, marked the beginning of space-themed cinema, inspired by the exploration of the universe [1] - Following the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, Soviet space films shifted towards hard science fiction, exemplified by "Road to the Stars," which accurately predicted human space exploration milestones [2] - In contrast, early American space films focused on soft science fiction themes, reflecting Cold War anxieties, with "The Day the Earth Stood Still" as a notable example [3] Group 2: Evolution of Space Film Genres - The success of the Apollo moon landing significantly increased public interest in space, leading to the emergence of iconic space-themed films like "Star Wars" and "Alien," showcasing diverse genres within the space film category [4] - After the Cold War, Soviet films transitioned from hard science fiction to exploring human nature, with Tarkovsky's "Solaris" questioning the purpose of space exploration [4] - Hollywood introduced disaster films in the space genre, such as "Armageddon," reflecting a societal optimism about technological solutions to crises [4] Group 3: Recent Developments in Space Filmmaking - Recent Hollywood films like "Gravity" and "The Martian" have benefited from NASA's expertise, while historical space events are being adapted into films, such as "Apollo 13" [5][6] - Russia produced "The Challenge," recognized as the first film shot in space, featuring a real-life rescue mission, which was filmed aboard the International Space Station [7] - Upcoming projects include a new space film by Hollywood producer Andre Ilvovino, which claims to be the greatest space love story, with 85% of its footage shot outside Earth's atmosphere [6][7]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. aims to return to the Moon before President Trump leaves office, with a focus on winning the "second space race" against China, despite warnings from experts about potential setbacks in the Artemis program [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Space Ambitions - NASA's acting administrator, Sean Duffy, expressed determination to return to the Moon and establish a lasting presence there [1]. - Duffy stated that the U.S. will reach the Moon before China, emphasizing the competitive nature of the space race [3]. - The Artemis program is seen as a stepping stone for future Mars missions, although the U.S. has not sent astronauts to the Moon since 1972 [3]. Group 2: Challenges and Risks - Experts at a Senate hearing warned that the U.S. risks losing the lunar competition to China due to delays, budget uncertainties, and wavering commitments [3][4]. - The Senate committee chairman, Cruz, indicated that setbacks in the Artemis program could lead to the U.S. conceding the Moon to China [3]. - Former NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine highlighted the detrimental impact of inconsistent U.S. government policies on long-term space missions [4]. Group 3: Dependency on Private Sector - Bridenstine cautioned that the U.S. lunar mission's success heavily relies on a fragile infrastructure dependent on SpaceX, which poses risks to mission designs [6]. - He noted that the operational readiness of the Starship is still pending, requiring multiple fuel supply launches for each lunar mission [6]. - The current trajectory suggests that without significant changes, the U.S. is unlikely to meet its timeline to surpass China's advancements in lunar exploration [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing space race between China and the United States, particularly focusing on the potential for China to land astronauts on the Moon before NASA, which could lead to significant embarrassment for the U.S. [1][2] Group 1: Space Race Dynamics - Eric Berger's article suggests that China may likely "defeat" NASA in returning humans to the Moon within this decade, raising concerns about U.S. competitiveness in space exploration [1] - The author, Mark Whittington, warns that if China successfully lands astronauts on the Moon first, it will lead to a significant debate in the U.S. about accountability for the loss in the space race [1][2] Group 2: NASA's Artemis Program - NASA's Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon, with Artemis 2 scheduled to send astronauts to lunar orbit in early 2026, but the success of subsequent missions depends on the SpaceX Starship's ability to land astronauts on the Moon [4][6] - The timeline for the Artemis 3 mission, which plans to land astronauts on the Moon in 2027, is considered unrealistic by many independent space observers, with 2028 being a more likely target [6] Group 3: China's Lunar Ambitions - China has made significant progress in its lunar exploration program, with plans to achieve a crewed lunar landing by 2030 and to establish a lunar research station thereafter [10][11] - The Chinese lunar exploration program has successfully conducted multiple missions, laying the groundwork for future scientific exploration [10] Group 4: Technological and Strategic Considerations - The article highlights the importance of establishing a permanent lunar base as a key objective in the new space race, suggesting that the winner may not be the first to land on the Moon but the first to establish a sustainable presence [7] - NASA is exploring the construction of a nuclear reactor on the Moon to support future missions, although experts question the feasibility of this plan by the 2030 deadline [8]

Core Viewpoint - NASA is accelerating the development of a lunar nuclear reactor, aiming to launch a 100-kilowatt fission reactor by 2030, which is seen as crucial for the Artemis lunar program and a strategic asset in the new space race [1][3][4]. Group 1: Lunar Nuclear Reactor Development - NASA plans to initiate industry bidding for the development of a 100-kilowatt lunar fission reactor system [1]. - The reactor is intended to provide a stable energy supply for a lunar base, which is essential for long-term human presence on the Moon and Mars [4][6]. - The project is driven by concerns over losing space dominance to countries like China and Russia, who are also pursuing lunar reactor projects [4][5]. Group 2: Technical Challenges - Experts highlight significant challenges in achieving the aggressive timeline, including engineering design, radiation protection, and stable operation in low gravity [3][9]. - Previous attempts to develop lunar nuclear power systems have faced hurdles, particularly with weight limitations, as none of the designs met the critical 6-ton weight threshold [6]. - The deployment of a nuclear reactor on the Moon involves overcoming unique challenges such as safe transportation of nuclear materials, temperature fluctuations, and waste heat management [9]. Group 3: Strategic Importance - The ability to establish a nuclear reactor on the Moon could allow the first nation to declare a restricted zone, impacting U.S. interests [5]. - The reactor's continuous power supply capability is deemed vital for scientific research and industrial operations on the Moon and Mars [4][6]. - The project reflects a broader strategy to secure U.S. leadership in space exploration amid increasing competition from other nations [4].