那些值得期待的医学探索 "2025年是基因编辑取得突破之年"，美国博德研究所教授、著名基因编辑研究者刘如谦在接受英国《自 然》杂志采访时说。该刊预测，2026年基因编辑技术发展势头将更为强劲，其中两项临床试验最受医学 界关注。 为患有超罕见病的美国婴儿KJ·马尔敦进行个性化基因编辑技术治疗的团队，2026年计划在美国费城开 启基因编辑疗法临床试验，造福更多的罕见代谢疾病儿童。另一个团队将启动一项类似临床试验，治疗 一种免疫系统遗传疾病。 癌症防治方面，英国一项涉及超14万名参与者的癌症检测临床试验预计在2026年公布结果，可通过单次 血液检测在症状出现前发现约50种癌症。 新药研发方面，美国化学学会在年度预测中说，靶向钠通道的无阿片类疼痛缓解药物预计将成为2026年 大型制药公司的研发热点。在疾病的筛查和诊断方面，人工智能(AI)展示出不可小觑的潜力。美国化学 学会预测2026年生命科学领域新兴趋势之一就是AI技术驱动的生物标志物检测，"AI驱动的技术可能超 越检测、迈向预测"。 美国《福布斯》杂志报道认为，2026年，基因编辑与人工智能的交叉，将催生出针对癌症以及多种遗传 性疾病的有效新疗法。"未来一年，我 ...

Core Viewpoint - Europe aims to become an independent participant in the lunar exploration race, seeking to send European astronauts to the Moon, while still heavily relying on the U.S. Artemis program for its lunar ambitions [1][5]. Group 1: European Space Agency (ESA) Involvement - ESA is expected to play a key role in NASA's Artemis program, potentially sending European astronauts aboard U.S. spacecraft to the Moon [1][5]. - ESA's Director General, Aschbacher, indicated that the first European astronauts for the lunar missions are likely to come from Germany, France, and Italy, with four German candidates being the most promising [3][5]. - ESA has received nearly €22.1 billion from its member states for operations from 2026 to 2028, aiming to enhance Europe's independent access to space [5]. Group 2: Funding and Investment - Germany is the largest contributor to ESA, providing €5.1 billion, and emphasizes the need for increased investment in space as a contribution to European sovereignty and security [5]. - Despite budget constraints, Germany's Federal Minister for Research, Technology, and Space, Dorothee Bär, advocates for more funding in the space sector [5]. Group 3: Global Lunar Exploration Context - The U.S. Artemis program, initiated in 2017, aims for a manned lunar landing, with Artemis 3 now delayed to mid-2027 due to development challenges [6]. - China is progressing steadily with its lunar exploration plans, aiming for its first manned lunar landing by 2030, having already conducted multiple lunar missions [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and uncertainties surrounding the Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon by 2028, highlighting political, managerial, and technical issues that may hinder progress [1][4]. Group 1: Political and Managerial Challenges - The appointment of Jared Isaacman, a private astronaut with no prior federal experience, as the head of NASA raises concerns about potential conflicts of interest, particularly due to his close ties with Elon Musk and SpaceX [2][3]. - The Artemis program requires stable political support and funding, but the current polarized political climate in the U.S. poses risks to long-term projects, as evidenced by a recent 43-day government shutdown that halted most NASA operations [4]. - Historical comparisons show that NASA's budget has significantly decreased from over 4% of federal spending during the Apollo era to just 0.2% today, indicating a lack of broad national consensus and support for ambitious space missions [4]. Group 2: Technical and Progress Issues - The Artemis program is significantly behind schedule, with at least 8 out of 13 critical tasks reported to be severely delayed, primarily due to reliance on multiple contractors and technical design flaws [5][6]. - Specific issues include the Orion spacecraft's design defects and delays in the Space Launch System, which have raised concerns about the feasibility of meeting the 2028 deadline for a crewed lunar landing [5][6]. - NASA has indicated plans to reopen contracts for the Artemis 3 lunar lander due to delays from SpaceX, suggesting a shift towards involving more companies in the project to mitigate risks [5].

Group 1: Core Insights - The U.S. government aims to return astronauts to the Moon by 2028 through the Artemis program, as outlined in an executive order signed by President Trump [1] - The Artemis program has faced significant delays and challenges, raising doubts about the feasibility of meeting the 2028 deadline [1] Group 2: Leadership and Conflicts - Jared Isaacman, a private astronaut and entrepreneur, was appointed as the head of NASA, raising concerns due to his lack of federal experience and close ties with Elon Musk [2][3] - Isaacman's relationship with Musk could potentially influence NASA's priorities, possibly diverting resources from the lunar mission to Mars exploration [3] Group 3: Political and Financial Challenges - The Artemis program requires stable political support and funding, which is uncertain in the current polarized political climate in the U.S. [4] - The U.S. government experienced a record 43-day shutdown this year, halting most NASA operations and highlighting the risks associated with long-term projects [4] Group 4: Project Progress and Technical Issues - The Artemis program is significantly behind schedule, with at least 8 out of 13 critical tasks lagging [5] - Technical design flaws have been identified in key components, such as the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System, contributing to delays and increased costs [5] - NASA plans to reopen contracts for the Artemis 3 lunar lander due to delays from SpaceX, indicating a shift in strategy to involve more companies [5] Group 5: Future Projections - The Artemis 3 lunar mission may face delays of several years due to issues with the lander [6]

Core Points - The article discusses President Trump's signing of an executive order titled "Ensuring America's Space Dominance," which aims to return Americans to the Moon by 2028 through the Artemis program [1] - Concerns are raised regarding the appointment of Jared Isaacman as NASA Administrator, given his lack of federal experience and close ties to Elon Musk, which may influence NASA's priorities [2][3] - The political environment poses uncertainties for the manned lunar program, as it requires stable funding and support, which is challenged by increasing political polarization and potential government shutdowns [4] - The Artemis program is significantly behind schedule, with at least 8 out of 13 critical tasks lagging, and issues with key components like the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System [5][6] Group 1: Executive Order and Artemis Program - President Trump signed an executive order to ensure the U.S. returns to the Moon by 2028 through the Artemis program, which has faced delays and challenges [1] - The Artemis program was initiated during Trump's first term but has seen slow progress, raising doubts about meeting the 2028 deadline [1] Group 2: Concerns Over NASA Leadership - Jared Isaacman, a private astronaut and entrepreneur, was appointed as NASA Administrator, raising concerns due to his lack of government experience and close relationship with Elon Musk [2][3] - Isaacman's potential influence on NASA's priorities could shift focus towards Mars exploration, possibly hindering the lunar landing plans [3] Group 3: Political and Funding Challenges - The manned lunar program requires long-term political support and funding, which is uncertain due to the current polarized political climate [4] - The U.S. government experienced a record 43-day shutdown, impacting NASA's operations and funding stability [4] Group 4: Project Delays and Technical Issues - The Artemis program is heavily reliant on outsourcing, with multiple companies involved in key components, leading to significant delays [5] - NASA's review reports indicate that critical tasks are falling behind schedule, with technical design flaws in the Orion spacecraft and delays in the Space Launch System [5][6] - NASA plans to reopen contracts for the Artemis 3 lunar lander due to delays from SpaceX, indicating ongoing challenges in meeting project timelines [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. aims to return to the Moon by 2028 through the Artemis program, but significant challenges and delays raise doubts about this timeline [1][2]. Group 1: Political and Administrative Concerns - The appointment of Jared Isaacman, a private astronaut with no prior federal experience, as NASA Administrator has raised concerns about potential conflicts of interest, particularly due to his close ties with Elon Musk [1][2]. - The Artemis program requires substantial political support and funding, which is uncertain in the current polarized political climate, as evidenced by a record 43-day government shutdown this year [2]. - The budget for NASA has drastically decreased from over 4% of federal spending during the Apollo program to only 0.2% today, indicating a lack of broad national consensus and long-term political backing for complex space missions [2]. Group 2: Project Progress and Technical Challenges - The Artemis program is significantly behind schedule, with at least 8 out of 13 critical tasks lagging behind the planned timeline due to technical design issues and reliance on multiple contractors [3]. - Key components such as the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System are facing delays and cost overruns, which have been criticized [3]. - NASA has indicated plans to reopen contracts for the Artemis 3 lunar lander due to delays from SpaceX, suggesting that the mission may be postponed by several years [3].

Group 1 - The article highlights significant scientific events to watch for in 2026, focusing on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), gene editing, and space exploration [1] - AI-driven scientific research is expected to achieve major breakthroughs, with the potential for AI "agents" that integrate multiple large language models to be widely applied, requiring minimal human intervention [1] - In the biomedicine sector, gene editing technology is progressing rapidly, with two clinical trials anticipated to start next year aimed at developing personalized gene therapies for children with rare genetic diseases [1] Group 2 - The article notes that 2026 will be a busy year for lunar exploration, with China planning to launch the Chang'e 7 probe to land near the Moon's south pole, and NASA's Artemis 2 mission set to send four astronauts on a lunar flyby [2] - Japan plans to launch a Mars satellite probe to visit the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, while the European Space Agency aims to launch the Plato space telescope to monitor over 200,000 stars [2] - The article also mentions significant upgrades to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN for future high-intensity experiments and the completion of the Mu2e detector at Fermilab to explore the mysteries of the muon particle [2]

Core Viewpoint - The current U.S. lunar program, particularly the Artemis plan, faces significant engineering challenges, as highlighted by former NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, who warns that the program is accelerating in a direction that may be increasingly difficult to correct [1][9][21] Group 1: Engineering Challenges - Griffin, a key figure in the U.S. lunar program, asserts that the existing lunar plan is not feasible from an engineering perspective, indicating a systemic issue within the program [1][9] - The Artemis program is criticized for its complexity and the accumulation of new engineering nodes without adequate risk assessment, leading to a potential engineering inflation process [12][14][17] Group 2: Historical Context - The article contrasts the current Artemis plan with the earlier Constellation program, which was designed to separate crewed and cargo missions, thereby reducing complexity [6][8] - The Constellation program was halted due to political shifts, but its engineering logic is echoed in China's current lunar plans, suggesting a convergence in approaches to complex engineering problems [8][9] Group 3: Political and Commercial Dynamics - The integration of commercial spaceflight into the Artemis program is seen as a potential cost-saving measure, but the challenge lies in embedding commercial capabilities within a politically charged and complex lunar mission framework [11][12] - The upcoming appointment of Jared Isaacman as NASA's new administrator introduces a variable that may lead to a reassessment of the Artemis plan, although systemic constraints may limit significant changes [20][21]

Group 1 - The "Orion" spacecraft for NASA's Artemis 2 mission has successfully docked with the Space Launch System rocket, marking a significant step towards the first crewed deep space flight in over half a century [2] - China successfully launched the Gaofen-14 02 satellite, which will provide high-precision imagery and geographic information for national economic and defense projects, including the Belt and Road Initiative [2] - A breakthrough in the field of photoresists has been achieved by a research team at Peking University, which has developed a method to significantly reduce defects in photoresists through advanced imaging techniques [2] - The ChuanTou Luzhou natural gas power generation project has completed the commissioning of its two units, with a total capacity of 1400 MW, expected to save 348,100 tons of standard coal and reduce CO2 emissions by 912,000 tons annually [2]

Group 1 - The core discussion between China and the US includes topics such as export controls, tariff suspensions, fentanyl cooperation, and trade expansion, leading to a preliminary consensus [1] - The State Council's report emphasizes the need for a moderately loose monetary policy to support economic recovery and enhance financial regulation [2][6] - A breakthrough in photoresist technology has been achieved by a research team at Peking University, which could significantly reduce defects in lithography processes [3] Group 2 - The latest report on state-owned assets reveals that by the end of 2024, the total assets of state-owned enterprises (excluding financial enterprises) amount to 401.7 trillion yuan, with state capital equity at 109.4 trillion yuan [4] - The successful launch of the Gaofen-14 02 satellite enhances capabilities for high-precision imaging and digital terrain mapping [5] - The storage industry is experiencing disruptions, with some manufacturers halting quotes for DRAM and Flash products, impacting the domestic supply chain [10] Group 3 - A Chinese research team presented new clinical data on a transcatheter aortic valve system at a global cardiovascular conference, showcasing innovation and effectiveness in treating aortic valve regurgitation [9] - The Ministry of Science and Technology emphasizes the importance of original innovation and key technology breakthroughs to support China's modernization and technological independence [11]