除了硬件成本之外，未来几年，电力生产、输送和冷却需求也将是大型人工智能数据中心面临的主要制约因素。有鉴于此，埃隆·马斯克近 日提出了一个颠覆性的愿景：将AI计算中心部署到太空。 马斯克身兼xAI、SpaceX和特斯拉的CEO，前两者分别从事AI大模型研发、商业航空，而特斯拉则涉足电动车、储能和机器人等多项业务。 把这些业务串起来，恰好可以给他的愿意提供近乎闭环的支持力量，一旦成功，他的公司可能也是最大受益者。 为何有此愿景？ 马斯克认为， 未来四到五年内，在轨道上运行大规模人工智能系统将比在地球上运行同类系统更具成本效益。 这主要得益于"免费"的太阳 能和相对容易实现的冷却技术。 他此前在美国-沙特投资论坛上表示："我估计，在地球潜在能源耗尽之前，电力成本和人工智能在太空领域的成本效益将远远优于目前地面 人工智能。我认为，甚至可能在4到5年的时间框架内，成本最低的人工智能计算方式将是使用太阳能人工智能卫星。 "我认为，从现在开始算，不会超过五年。"他补充说。 马斯克强调，随着计算集群的增长，对电力供应和冷却的综合需求会升级到地面基础设施难以跟上的地步。他声称，要达到每年200吉瓦至 300吉瓦的持续算力容量， ...

商业航天与卫星互联网：关注火箭产业链突破 20251123 摘要 商业航天迎来多重拐点：政策支持力度加大，部分核心公司三季度业绩 已显现积极变化，可回收火箭技术及 NTN 标准体系成为关注焦点，预示 行业进入加速发展期。 全球可回收火箭技术竞争加剧：SpaceX 猎鹰 9 号和星舰已成熟运行， Blue Origin 新格伦火箭实现一级回收，国内蓝箭等公司计划年底密集 发射，标志着全球商业航天进入新阶段。 算力上天面临挑战：带宽限制、太空环境复杂、设备折旧等问题制约发 展，需探索解决方案，这些因素对相关投资策略产生直接影响。 2026 年商业航天展望：作为"十五"规划首年，民商火箭密集发射将 降低成本，国家队也将推出可回收火箭，星网和垣信建设有望加速，推 动行业快速发展。 朱雀 3 号首发意义重大：作为民商火箭，其首发抢在国家队之前，采用 全舰不锈钢设计，借鉴猎鹰 9 号技术，成功将提升国内商业航天信心， 并推动技术发展。 Q&A 目前商业航天领域的三重拐点是什么？具体情况如何？ 商业航天领域的三重拐点包括两个确定性的拐点和一个可能出现的拐点。第一 个确定性的拐点是政策型的，主要体现在商业航天司的成立，这一机 ...

「Going Global 出海周报」 是创业邦推出的出海系列栏目，旨在为出海领域的创业者和投资人精选 出海大事件、海外大公司、投融资消息，本篇 为栏目第 309 篇报道。 整理丨 Lucas 11 月 22 日消息 ，志在打造 "跨境电商之城"的广州， 近期 联动 SHEIN 、亚马逊等持续举办"跨境 电商 + 产业带"活动， 带来 全市跨境电商进出口两位数 的 增长。 目前， 以 SHEIN 为 代表的跨境电商企业正在双向发力：一方面，赋能国内供应链上下游，引领产 业升级；另一方面，加速吸引全球品牌与卖家入驻，拓宽终端市场生态，推出 " SHEIN Xcelerator "品牌孵化 与扶持计划 。 大公司 滴滴旗下99出行加速电动化，电车服务已覆盖巴西5大城市 滴滴旗下的巴西出行平台99近日宣布，其电动车出行品类"99electric-Pro"已覆盖圣保罗、巴西利 亚、阿雷格里港、戈亚尼亚和库里提巴5大城市，持续拓展绿色出行服务。 本周（11 月 1 7 日至 11 月 23 日）出海大事件包括： 速卖通 在 巴西成交 额 创新高 ； 海内外品 牌加速入驻 SHEIN 平台 ； 滴滴旗下 99 出行加速电 ...

每经编辑｜段炼 当地时间11月21日，美国太空探索技术公司称，该公司升级版"星舰"火箭的助推器在测试中出现异常，具体原因目前尚未确定。据实时视频显示，助推器 在当天的测试过程中发生了爆炸。 累计投资已超50亿美元 马斯克：星舰是未来的太空飞机 SpaceX的"星舰"并不是一枚普通火箭。它被设计成全球最大、推力最强、完全可重复使用的航天运输系统，由"超级重型助推器"和"上部飞船"两部分组 成。整套系统高达121米；满载起飞推力约7600吨力，相当于15架波音747同时起飞的力量。其近地轨道设计运力可达150吨，明显超过美国国家航空航天 局（NASA）的太空发射系统。 马斯克的构想是：用"星舰"实现低成本、高频次的太空运输体系，从大规模发射"星链"卫星，到将货物与人类送往月球、火星，乃至实现"地球点对点超 高速运输"。他曾形容说，"星舰"不是一次性的火箭，而是一种未来的太空飞机。 这次，"星舰"搭载了升级后的猛禽2号发动机，采用更轻的结构与强化隔热瓦系统。与前10次相比，本次的重点是验证高温再入、防热瓦密封、发动机重 启和载荷释放系统。 过去10次试飞，"星舰"都没有一次能完整"活着回来"——要么在升空阶段爆炸， ...

Core Points - The Artemis lunar landing program, heavily politicized in the U.S., is facing significant delays, with the crewed lunar lander developed by SpaceX not expected to be ready until September 2028, pushing back NASA's planned Artemis 3 mission to at least 2028 [1][2][3] - Concerns are rising that China may achieve its lunar landing goals before the U.S. due to these delays [1][8] Timeline of the Artemis Program - NASA's original plan aimed to send astronauts to the Moon by mid-2027, but this timeline is now "almost certain" to be delayed further [2] - SpaceX's internal documents indicate that the first crewed lunar landing could occur as late as September 2028, following a series of critical tests scheduled for 2026 and 2027 [2][3] - The Artemis 2 and Artemis 3 missions have already been postponed from 2023 and 2024 to 2026 and beyond, respectively, with the average interval between missions now exceeding two years [7] Technical Challenges - The SpaceX Starship rocket, essential for the Artemis 3 mission, has faced multiple failures during testing, raising doubts about its reliability and the feasibility of the planned lunar missions [3][5] - NASA's acting administrator has criticized SpaceX for its slow progress and announced a restart of bidding for alternative lunar lander solutions, indicating a need for backup plans [5][6] Competitive Landscape - The U.S. lunar program's delays have led to fears of falling behind China, which is progressing steadily towards its goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by 2030 [8][10] - Blue Origin is emerging as a potential competitor to SpaceX, developing its own lunar lander for future Artemis missions, although its timeline may not surpass SpaceX's [10]

Core Points - Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket successfully launched and achieved its first stage recovery at sea, marking a significant milestone for the company in reusable rocket technology [1][3][5] - This launch positions Blue Origin as the second company globally, after SpaceX, to master rocket recovery technology [3][5] - The New Glenn rocket is designed for multiple uses, with the first stage expected to be reusable up to 25 times, enhancing its competitiveness in the launch market [6][7] Technical Specifications - New Glenn rocket features a two-stage design, with a height of 98 meters and a diameter of 7 meters, providing a launch thrust of 1,750 tons [6] - The first stage has a near-Earth orbit capacity of 45 tons and a geostationary transfer orbit capacity of over 13 tons [6] - The rocket's first stage is powered by seven BE-4 engines using liquid methane and liquid oxygen, while the second stage is equipped with two BE-3U engines [6] Mission Details - The rocket successfully deployed NASA's ESCAPADE twin satellites, which will study Mars' atmosphere, after approximately 34 minutes of flight [6][7] - The ESCAPADE mission will not directly head to Mars but will first enter a near-Earth orbit before making its journey to Mars in 2026 [7] - The launch faced multiple delays due to weather conditions and previous mission failures, highlighting the challenges in the aerospace industry [7] Industry Context - The successful launch of New Glenn adds pressure on China's commercial space sector, which is preparing for the maiden flight of its reusable rocket, Zhuque-3, expected in mid-November [8][11] - Other Chinese rockets, such as Tianlong-3 and Chang Zheng-12A, are also in development, indicating a competitive landscape in the global space launch market [11]

Core Viewpoint - Blue Origin's "New Glenn" heavy rocket successfully completed its second orbital flight mission, marking a significant step in its development and a competitive challenge to SpaceX in the commercial space sector [1][3]. Group 1: Launch Details - The "New Glenn" rocket was launched on November 13, 2023, after multiple delays due to adverse weather conditions, successfully entering space and landing its booster on an unmanned platform in the Atlantic [1][2]. - This mission's primary objective was to deliver NASA's ESCAPADE dual Mars orbiter, representing NASA's first Mars exploration mission in five years [3]. Group 2: Development History - Blue Origin was founded by Jeff Bezos in 2000, while SpaceX was established by Elon Musk in 2002, leading to a competitive landscape where Blue Origin has been perceived as a follower [3][4]. - The development of the "New Glenn" rocket has been a lengthy process, with its core technology, the BE-4 engine, being in development since 2011, and the rocket's design evolving significantly over the years [5][6]. Group 3: Funding and Strategy - Blue Origin's funding model relies on Bezos's continuous investment from Amazon stock sales, allowing the company to focus on long-term goals without external financing pressures [6][8]. - The company has made strategic decisions, such as securing contracts for NASA's Artemis lunar program and Amazon's Kuiper satellite constellation, which provide stable revenue and technical validation opportunities [8]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - The competition between Blue Origin and SpaceX represents two distinct philosophies in space exploration, with Blue Origin adopting a more cautious, incremental approach compared to SpaceX's aggressive innovation strategy [4][11]. - The "New Glenn" rocket has a low Earth orbit capacity of 45 tons, while SpaceX's Starship can carry over 100 tons, highlighting the differences in their design philosophies and operational capabilities [11][12]. Group 5: Future Missions - Upcoming missions for the "New Glenn" rocket include the "Blue Moon Pathfinder 1" in January 2026, which will test a lunar lander prototype, and the deployment of Amazon's first 49 satellites for the Kuiper project [16][17]. - The rocket is expected to conduct up to eight launches per year, emphasizing a business model focused on timely launches, even if payloads are not ready [17].

Core Insights - The increasing demand for AI is pushing the limits of Earth's resources, prompting tech giants to explore the establishment of data centers in space as a potential solution [1][3] - Google has announced the "Suncatcher project," aiming to launch two prototype satellites equipped with its custom TPU AI chips by early 2027 [1][5] - Elon Musk's SpaceX is also planning to expand its Starlink satellite network to create a space-based data center [1][6] - Amazon's Jeff Bezos predicts that gigawatt-level data centers will emerge in space within the next decade [1] - Startups like Starcloud are entering the race, having successfully launched test satellites equipped with NVIDIA GPUs [1][7] Energy as the Driving Force - The primary motivation for moving data centers to space is energy, as terrestrial data centers are facing unprecedented growth in scale, power consumption, and cooling costs [3] - The Sun is identified as the largest energy source in the solar system, with an output of 3.86 × 10^26 watts, far exceeding human energy consumption [3] - Google believes that space-based data centers could be the most scalable solution while minimizing the impact on Earth's resources [3] Diverse Approaches by Tech Giants - Google envisions a solar-powered, interconnected satellite network to form an orbital AI computing cluster, with prototype satellites set for 2027 [5] - Musk's approach relies on expanding the existing Starlink V3 satellites, which are designed for high-speed internet [6] - Starcloud aims to establish a 2.5-mile-wide orbital data center with a power capacity of 5 gigawatts, leveraging NVIDIA's H100 GPUs [7] Challenges Ahead - The deployment of large computing systems in space faces significant technical and economic challenges, including launch costs, heat management, and system reliability [8][9] - Google indicates that launch costs must drop below $200 per kilogram by the mid-2030s for space-based data centers to be cost-competitive with terrestrial counterparts [9][10] - Heat management is a critical technical challenge due to the vacuum of space, which complicates cooling systems [11] - Reliability, high-bandwidth ground communication, and radiation protection are essential issues that need to be addressed for long-term operation [12]

Core Insights - The construction of a maritime recovery system for reusable rockets in Hainan is set to begin, with an expected delivery by the end of 2026, providing a public service platform for China's commercial rockets [1] - Blue Arrow Aerospace's "Zhuque-3" rocket has successfully completed the first phase of its maiden flight, aiming to challenge rocket recovery technology with a planned launch in 2025 [1] - China is gradually closing the gap in reusable launch technology with global leaders, moving towards autonomous and sustainable space capabilities [1] Group 1: Historical Context - The concept of rocket recovery is not new, with the first successful vertical landing demonstration by McDonnell Douglas's DC-X in 1993, which proved the technical feasibility of returning rockets [1] - The DC-X project, despite its initial success, was abandoned by NASA in 1996 due to budget constraints and a lack of market demand for cost-saving measures at the time [4][5] - The resurgence of interest in rocket recovery coincided with the rise of commercial spaceflight, leading to renewed focus on this technology [5] Group 2: SpaceX's Role - Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002 with the goal of reducing launch costs and achieving rocket reusability, which he deemed essential for making Mars exploration feasible [7] - SpaceX faced numerous challenges in its early attempts at rocket recovery, but achieved a significant milestone in December 2015 with the first successful landing of a Falcon 9 rocket [7][8] - The company has since established a routine of reusing rockets, significantly lowering launch costs from an industry average of $60 million to around $15 million [8] Group 3: Global Landscape - Currently, SpaceX is the only company with a fully operational reusable rocket system, while other players like Blue Origin and various Chinese companies are in different stages of development [10][11] - The global landscape shows a clear division, with the U.S. leading in operational capabilities, while China is rapidly advancing with multiple companies working on reusable technology [11][12] - Other countries, including those in Europe, Russia, Japan, and India, are lagging behind in the development of reusable rocket technology [11][12] Group 4: Technical Challenges - Rocket recovery involves overcoming significant technical challenges, including precise guidance, control, deceleration, and resistance to disturbances during descent [20][21][22][23] - The integration of advanced technologies in materials, propulsion, control systems, and algorithms is crucial for achieving successful rocket recovery [25][26][27] Group 5: China's Commercial Space Race - China is witnessing a competitive race among several private companies to develop reusable rocket technology, with notable players like Blue Arrow Aerospace and others aiming for key technology validations by 2025 [29][30] - The success of these companies will not only depend on technological advancements but also on establishing a sustainable commercial model for frequent launches [30][31] - The ongoing developments signify a shift in China's commercial space sector from merely building rockets to achieving reusable capabilities [29][30]

Core Insights - The "Zhuque-3" rocket is set to make its maiden flight in mid-November, marking a significant milestone as China's first operational reusable launch vehicle [1] - "Zhuque-3" is the world's first all-stainless steel liquid oxygen-methane rocket, designed for enhanced reusability and future scalability, similar to SpaceX's "Starship" [1] - The launch cost target for "Zhuque-3" is under 20,000 yuan per kilogram, comparable to SpaceX's Falcon 9, which costs approximately 3,000 USD per kilogram [1] Industry Impact - The debut of "Zhuque-3" has garnered significant attention both domestically and internationally, including interest from SpaceX founder Elon Musk, who noted its potential to disrupt the reusable rocket market [3] - Musk predicts that "Zhuque-3" could surpass the Falcon series within five years if development proceeds smoothly [3] - The Chinese aerospace sector is experiencing rapid growth, with other projects like Tianbing Technology's "Tianlong-3" and CAS Space's "Lijian-2" also preparing for their maiden flights [5]