2025年08月24日 证券研究报告 | 数据中心互联技术专题四： CSP云厂AI军备竞赛加速，智算中心架构快速发展 国信通信·行业专题报告 行业研究 · 行业专题 通信 投资评级：优于大市（维持评级） 证券分析师：袁文翀 联系人：赵屿 021-60375411 021-61761068 yuanwenchong@guosen.com.cn zhaoyu6@guosen.com.cn S0980523110003 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 投资摘要 CSP互联网云厂AI军备竞赛进入2.0时代，智算中心互联技术发展快速迭代。自2023年，ChatGPT3.5 点燃 "大模型革命"起，AI发展万众 瞩目，各大科技公司纷纷投入大模型研发并加大智算中心建设。根据CSP厂商的Capex指引，预计2025年，海外亚马逊、谷歌 、微软 、 Meta四家厂商合计Capex增至3610亿美元，同比增幅超58%；国内字节、腾讯、阿里Capex有望超过3600亿元。本轮AI浪潮前期，英伟达作为 AI芯片领军企业，其AI芯片供不应求；随着CSP云厂持续加大智算中心投入，具备更高性价比的自研ASIC算力芯片成为AI ...

Core Viewpoint - The company, Cloud Factory (02512), has issued a total of 45.985 million new shares at a subscription price of HKD 4.98 per share, raising approximately HKD 228 million in net proceeds after expenses [1] Fund Utilization - Approximately 13.2% of the net proceeds (or HKD 30 million) will be used to enhance the core business, specifically for IDC solutions and edge computing services, including procurement of high-performance edge computing hosts and hardware, development of distributed heterogeneous computing management platforms, and algorithm optimization research [1] - About 36.8% of the net proceeds (or HKD 84 million) will be allocated for business expansion, focusing on launching new services covering the entire lifecycle of intelligent computing, which includes hardware procurement, development of high-speed lossless networks, and establishment of large-scale distributed storage and computing management platforms [1] - Approximately 40.4% of the net proceeds (or HKD 92 million) will be used to establish the company's own intelligent computing center, which will provide intelligent computing services, including land and property acquisition, equipment procurement and installation, and internal renovations [1] - About 9.6% of the net proceeds (or HKD 22 million) will be allocated for working capital and general corporate purposes, such as employee expenses and office rent [1] Cash Flow Projections - By June 30, 2025, it is expected that approximately 64.0% of the company's cash and cash equivalents will be used to repay bank loans between July and October 2025, while about 36.0% will be used to settle outstanding supplier procurement costs and other expenses incurred in daily operations [1]

新京报贝壳财经讯8月18日，美的集团（000333）在互动平台表示，公司和国内互联网头部企业在智算 中心业务上有深度合作，共同研发智算中心的液冷系统和关键组件，供应CDU等产品。 ...

Core Insights - Midea Group is collaborating with leading domestic internet companies on the development of liquid cooling systems and key components for intelligent computing centers [1] Group 1 - The company is engaged in deep cooperation with top domestic internet enterprises [1] - The focus of the collaboration is on the research and development of liquid cooling systems for intelligent computing centers [1] - Midea Group is supplying products such as CDU (Cooling Distribution Unit) as part of this initiative [1]

Market Overview - On August 6, a total of 77 stocks in the A-share market hit the daily limit, with 63 stocks remaining after excluding 14 ST stocks, resulting in an overall limit-up rate of 75.49% [1] - The highest limit-up order volume was recorded by Tongling Nonferrous Metals, with 833,800 hands, followed by China Shipbuilding Industry, Zhong An Keji, and Beiwai Technology, with limit-up orders of 646,600 hands, 288,300 hands, and 230,000 hands respectively [1] Limit-Up Stocks Summary - The top three stocks by limit-up order funds were Beijiajie (5.06 billion), Changcheng Jincheng (3.46 billion), and Tongling Nonferrous Metals (3.36 billion) [1] - Beijiajie closed at 44.97 yuan with a turnover rate of 3.99%, driven by probiotics, the three-child policy concept, oral care, and exports [2] - Changcheng Jincheng closed at 46.98 yuan with a turnover rate of 5.88%, influenced by military equipment restructuring, ammunition and weaponry, and a narrowed mid-term loss [2] - Tongling Nonferrous Metals closed at 4.03 yuan with a turnover rate of 7.75%, supported by share buybacks, copper foil expansion, and state-owned enterprise reform [2] - China Heavy Industry closed at 5.15 yuan with a turnover rate of 4.24%, boosted by absorption and merger, shipbuilding, and state-owned enterprise reform [2]

Core Viewpoint - The successful implementation of a national-level intelligent computing hub project in Tibet by Vertiv demonstrates the company's exceptional product strength, project management capabilities, and high-quality rapid delivery ability, overcoming extreme environmental challenges and tight deadlines [1][8][14]. Group 1: Project Overview - The project was initiated in April and required completion within a stringent 40-day timeline, encompassing design, manufacturing, transportation, and deployment [1][3]. - Vertiv achieved a remarkable delivery standard of "0 exceptions, 0 rework, 0 delays" during the project [7][14]. Group 2: Challenges Faced - The project faced five significant challenges due to the high-altitude environment: thin air affecting cooling efficiency, frequent voltage fluctuations, intense UV radiation, drastic temperature drops at night, and physiological limits for construction personnel [3][4]. - These challenges created multiple technical barriers, testing both product performance and the responsiveness of equipment manufacturers [3]. Group 3: Solutions Implemented - Vertiv completed a comprehensive solution design in just 5 days, leveraging its customization capabilities [4]. - The cooling system utilized Vertiv™ Liebert® PEX4 Plus precision air conditioning, while the power supply relied on Vertiv™ Liebert® APM2 series UPS, achieving an efficiency of 97.5% [5]. - The overall power distribution system was based on the new generation Vertiv™ APT2.0 prefabricated power module, significantly shortening the construction period [5]. Group 4: Delivery Mechanism - Vertiv broke down the 40-day timeline into 960 hours, ensuring precise control over each hour [6]. - The company implemented a detailed production management system, prefabricated solutions, resilient logistics, and digital delivery control to ensure timely project completion [6]. Group 5: Project Outcome - The project was completed ahead of schedule, with the system powered on by the 35th day, showcasing Vertiv's engineering capabilities and high-quality delivery [7]. - The successful execution of the project highlighted Vertiv's comprehensive strengths in product performance, project management, and rapid delivery capabilities [8][14]. Group 6: Company Background - Vertiv, formerly Emerson Network Power, is a global leader in digital infrastructure solutions with over 50 years of experience, serving various sectors including telecommunications, data centers, and renewable energy [14][15]. - The company has a strong presence in China with three R&D centers and two manufacturing bases, providing reliable products and professional services across the country [15].

Group 1 - The company has engaged in providing engineering testing and energy efficiency assessment services for smart computing centers and data centers in certain cities, although the contract amounts are relatively small [2] - Investors have inquired about the company's participation in bidding for smart computing centers and data centers, highlighting the potential for large orders from other companies [2] - The company aims to leverage its advantages in major cities like Shenzhen to capture relevant project orders [2]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Accumulate" rating for the industry, specifically in the power equipment sector [5]. Core Insights - The intelligent computing center industry is experiencing rapid expansion driven by a combination of policy support, local government initiatives, and surging market demand. The investment scale in China's intelligent computing center market reached 87.9 billion yuan in 2023, representing a year-on-year growth of over 90%. It is projected to reach 288.6 billion yuan by 2028 [1][20]. - Local governments and basic telecom operators are the primary participants in the construction of intelligent computing centers, accounting for over 50% of the projects in operation, under construction, or planned as of August 2024. Internet and cloud service providers contribute approximately 17.7% of the projects [20][21]. Summary by Sections 1. Demand Driven Growth in AIDC - The investment scale of intelligent computing centers is significantly increasing due to the resonance of policy support and the demand for large models. The rapid growth in data volume driven by large model applications is pushing the intelligent computing center into an expansion phase [16][17]. - Major telecom operators and internet companies are ramping up their investments in computing power. For instance, China Mobile plans to invest 37.3 billion yuan in computing power, which will constitute 25% of its capital expenditure in 2025 [2][27]. 2. Evolution of Data Center Power Supply Architecture - The current power supply systems in data centers primarily utilize UPS, but there is a gradual shift towards HVDC and Panama power systems. HVDC systems offer significant advantages in reliability, efficiency, and economic viability compared to traditional UPS systems [3][26]. - The Panama power system demonstrates clear advantages in investment costs and operational efficiency, achieving a conversion efficiency of 97% [3][26]. 3. Future Trends in Power Supply Architecture - The transition towards medium and high voltage power supply systems is becoming a trend, with a focus on high-density and energy-efficient solutions in the AIDC era [3][38]. - The report suggests that companies like Kehua Data and Kstar, as well as leaders in HVDC and Panama power systems like Zhongheng Electric, are well-positioned to benefit from the increasing capital expenditures by internet companies [4][38].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (首次) [3] Core Views - The company is actively engaging in new business ventures and has become a strategic shareholder in multiple high-quality enterprises [2] - A strategic cooperation agreement has been signed with Keton Technology, the general agent of NVIDIA in China, to explore the layout of intelligent computing centers [8] - The company aims to leverage its extensive customer resources to assist Keton Technology in expanding into various sectors, including internet enterprises and AI companies [8] Financial Summary - Projected revenue for 2024 is 4,208.40 million, with a decrease of 20.35% from the previous year, followed by a gradual recovery in subsequent years [3] - Expected net profit attributable to the parent company for 2025 is 288.73 million, showing a significant increase of 134.16% compared to 2024 [3] - Earnings per share (EPS) is projected to grow from 0.58 in 2024 to 2.33 in 2027 [3] - The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is expected to decrease from 53.60 in 2024 to 13.47 in 2027, indicating improving valuation over time [3] Basic Data - The closing price of the stock is ¥31.35, with a total market capitalization of 6,609.11 million [4]

Group 1 - Rongzhi Rixin expects a net profit increase of 2,027.62% to 2,179.59% for the first half of 2025, with projected profits between 14 million to 15 million yuan [1] - The significant profit growth is attributed to the acceleration of digital and intelligent transformation across industries, leading to increased revenue from sectors like wind power and petrochemicals [1] - The company has improved operational management efficiency, resulting in enhanced gross margins and overall profitability [1] Group 2 - Jinzhai Food plans to repurchase shares worth between 50 million to 100 million yuan, with a maximum repurchase price of 16 yuan per share [2] - The repurchase will be funded through self-owned funds and a special loan from China Merchants Bank, with a loan commitment of up to 90 million yuan [2] Group 3 - Zhongfu Information's chairman and general manager, Wei Dongxiao, has been detained, and the board has arranged for the deputy general manager to assume his responsibilities during this period [3][4] - The company states that this situation will not significantly impact its daily operations [4] Group 4 - Shenzhen Energy plans to invest approximately 789.703 million yuan in the construction of the Honghaiwan offshore wind power project, with a portion funded through financing [6] - The company will increase its capital in its subsidiary by 153.108 million yuan to support this project [6] Group 5 - *ST Zitian faces potential delisting due to failure to rectify false financial reporting as mandated by the China Securities Regulatory Commission [8] - The company has not disclosed corrected financial reports within the required timeframe, leading to a warning of delisting risk [8] Group 6 - Watson Bio has signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Yuxi State-owned Capital Operation Co., aiming to establish a long-term partnership in the vaccine and bioproducts industry [10] - The collaboration is expected to enhance innovation and business expansion in the vaccine sector [10] Group 7 - Weiming Environmental reported a total power generation of 226,162.29 million kWh in the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 7.54% [12] - The company also recorded a total waste input of 689.32 million tons, with a growth of 8.71% compared to the previous year [12]