航运板块 2026 年度策略：油散共振弹性可期，重点推荐 油轮板块 20260108 摘要 游轮需求端强劲，原油价格下行激发补库需求，预计 2026 年运价保持 高位。老船占比大，或大规模出清，制裁冲突可能短期推高运价。 几内亚西芒杜铁矿投产和铝土矿出口增长有望拉长干散货运距，俄乌、 巴以冲突后重建或提升干散货需求。关注海通发展、招商轮船。 集装箱航运需求受欧美需求不振和中美贸易摩擦影响，增量依赖东南亚 新兴市场。供给端持续宽松压制运价，警惕红海复航释放运力。 2025 年集装箱航运市场供需关系转松，运价显著回落。1-11 月 CCFI、SEFI 终值同比下跌 22%、36%。关注东南亚市场潜力，警惕红 海通航风险。 2025 年干散货市场受气候因素影响波动，运价中枢约为 2000 点。关 注几内亚铁矿发运，其运输距离远超澳大利亚，将显著增加运输需求。 干散货供给端无宽松预期，在手订单量低，老船占比高，新增供给困难。 预计 2026 年干散货市场首次进入供需平衡状态。 招商轮船主营超大型游轮 VLOC 及超大型矿砂船 VLOC，有望受益于油 散共振大周期。锦江航运向东南亚扩张，抢占区域先机。 Q&A 2026 ...

Group 1: Oil Tanker Sector - The oil tanker sector is expected to benefit from strong demand driven by OPEC+ production increases and a potential decline in crude oil prices, which may stimulate inventory replenishment needs [1][3] - As of October, VLCC-TCE rates have surged to nearly $100,000 per day, marking a new high since the second half of 2020, indicating robust demand recovery [3] - The average age of the oil tanker fleet is 14.07 years, with 20.57% of vessels over 20 years old, while current orders only cover 13.29% of existing fleet capacity, suggesting a tightening supply trend [3][4] Group 2: Dry Bulk Shipping Sector - The dry bulk shipping sector is poised for growth due to increasing demand from Guinea's bauxite exports and the upcoming production of the Simandou iron ore project, which is expected to enhance shipping distances [1][5] - The average age of dry bulk vessels is 12.78 years, with only 10.26% of the fleet under order, indicating a potential acceleration in fleet aging and capacity reduction due to environmental pressures [5] - If geopolitical conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine situations stabilize, post-war reconstruction efforts could further boost dry bulk shipping demand [5] Group 3: Container Shipping Sector - The container shipping sector is anticipated to experience a continued loosening of supply, with demand being negatively impacted by weak consumer demand in Europe and the U.S. and uncertainties from U.S.-China trade tensions [2] - In contrast, emerging markets in Southeast Asia are driving long-term growth in container volumes between China and Southeast Asia [2] - The average age of the container fleet is 14.10 years, and the fleet is expected to grow to 32.94 million TEU by 2026, indicating a potential for continued downward pressure on freight rates [2]

Core Viewpoint - CMB is positioned as a global leader in comprehensive shipping, with a high proportion of oil and bulk carriers, reducing operational risks associated with single business cycles [1] Group 1: Business Structure and Strategy - The company has established a comprehensive shipping business structure through mergers and acquisitions, focusing on "oil and gas bulk carrier integration" [1] - The current fleet is primarily owned (91.5% ownership), with a total of 52 VLCCs and 37 VLOCs, ranking first globally, and 19 Capesize vessels [1] Group 2: Market Conditions and Performance - The company is currently in a favorable market cycle, with VLCCs benefiting from scale and operational advantages, leading to superior profit elasticity [1] - Demand is supported by an expansion cycle and tightening sanctions from Europe and the U.S., while supply-side constraints exist due to insufficient new VLCC orders to replace aging vessels [1] Group 3: Future Outlook - The company is expected to experience a positive market trend due to the resonance of oil and bulk shipping, with a projected limited net increase in compliant effective capacity due to the aging fleet [1] - The company has been given an "overweight" rating based on the anticipated favorable market conditions [1]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and it is maintained [6]. Core Views - The company has reached an inflection point in its performance, with expectations for a synergy between oil and bulk shipping sectors [10]. - In Q3, the company achieved operating revenue of 6.73 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.2%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.18 billion yuan, up 34.8% year-on-year [2][4]. - The recovery in oil and bulk shipping markets aligns with operational expectations, while the Asian intra-regional shipping market shows resilience despite a downturn [2][10]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For the first three quarters of 2025, the company reported operating revenue of 19.31 billion yuan, a slight increase of 0.1% year-on-year, and a net profit of 3.30 billion yuan, down 2.1% year-on-year [4]. - In Q3 alone, the company recorded operating revenue of 6.73 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7% year-on-year, and a net profit of 1.18 billion yuan, up 34.8% year-on-year [4]. Oil Shipping Sector - The oil shipping sector has shown a recovery, with Q3 VLCC rates for the Middle East to China route averaging $35,000 per day, a year-on-year increase of 28.1% [10]. - The company's oil tanker business generated revenue of 2.29 billion yuan in Q3, a year-on-year increase of 13.4%, with net profit rising 54.8% to 600 million yuan [10]. Bulk Shipping Sector - The bulk shipping sector has also seen a recovery, with strong shipment volumes from overseas miners leading to an increase in the BDI index [10]. - The company's bulk shipping revenue in Q3 was 2.38 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.8%, although net profit decreased by 21.1% to 290 million yuan due to increased chartering of smaller vessels [10]. Container Shipping Sector - The container shipping market in Asia has experienced a downturn, but the company still reported Q3 revenue of 1.41 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.7%, with net profit rising 76.3% to 410 million yuan [10]. - Excluding the impact of fair value gains on stock holdings, the net profit was 240 million yuan, reflecting a 2.1% year-on-year increase [10]. Future Outlook - The company is expected to benefit from a continued recovery in both oil and bulk shipping markets, with projected revenues of 5.55 billion, 7.35 billion, and 7.93 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [10].

Core Viewpoint - The report from Huayuan Securities highlights a significant year-on-year increase in the performance of China Merchants Energy Shipping Company (招商轮船), with a recommendation to maintain a "buy" rating due to its leading position and optimistic market outlook in the oil and bulk shipping sector [1] Financial Performance - The company is expected to achieve net profits attributable to shareholders of 55.43 billion, 81.53 billion, and 87.14 billion yuan for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively, reflecting year-on-year growth rates of 8.53%, 47.09%, and 6.88% [1] - The current stock price corresponds to price-to-earnings (PE) ratios of 13.43, 9.13, and 8.54 for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [1] Market Outlook - The report emphasizes the optimistic prospects for the oil and bulk shipping market, supporting the company's strong market position [1]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [5] Core Views - The company's Q3 performance saw a significant year-on-year increase, driven by the recovery in the oil and bulk shipping markets [5][8] - The optimistic outlook for the oil and bulk shipping markets, along with the company's leading position, supports the maintained "Buy" rating [6] Financial Performance Summary - The company achieved a revenue of 19.31 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2025, a slight increase of 0.07% year-on-year, with Q3 revenue reaching 6.725 billion yuan, up 10.95% [8] - The net profit attributable to shareholders for the first three quarters of 2025 was 3.3 billion yuan, a decrease of 2.06% year-on-year, while Q3 net profit was 1.175 billion yuan, an increase of 34.75% [8] - The net profit from the oil tanker segment in Q3 2025 was 597 million yuan, up 55.06% year-on-year, while the bulk carrier segment saw a net profit of 292 million yuan, down 21.08% [8] Profit Forecast and Valuation - The forecasted net profits for the company from 2025 to 2027 are 5.543 billion yuan, 8.153 billion yuan, and 8.714 billion yuan, with corresponding year-on-year growth rates of 8.53%, 47.09%, and 6.88% respectively [6] - The current price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios for 2025, 2026, and 2027 are projected to be 13.43, 9.13, and 8.54 times respectively [6] Market Dynamics - The oil shipping market is expected to benefit from OPEC+ production increases, which may lead to higher shipping volumes and a tightening supply-demand balance for VLCCs [8] - The dry bulk shipping market is anticipated to improve due to increased demand from the recovery of commodity prices and new mining projects in Guinea [8]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" (maintained) [5] Core Viewpoints - VLCC freight rates have reached the highest level for September since 1990, with the VLCC TD3c TCE reaching $96,000 per day on September 16, 2025, and expected to rise further due to tight capacity [6] - The commencement of the West Simandou iron ore project is anticipated to support the bulk shipping market starting from Q4 2025, with an expected shipment volume of 2-3 million tons in 2025 [6] - Potential trade agreements between China and the U.S. could provide additional demand for oil and bulk shipping in Q4 2025 [6] - The combination of OPEC+ oil production increases and the West Simandou project, along with the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts, is expected to create a favorable environment for both oil and bulk shipping markets starting from Q4 2025 [6] Summary by Sections Shipping Market Performance - VLCC freight rates are at a historical high for September, indicating strong demand and tight supply conditions [6] - The upcoming release of Middle Eastern cargoes and the lowest available VLCC capacity in the past year may lead to further increases in freight rates [6] West Simandou Project - The West Simandou iron ore project has officially commenced operations, with the first batch of shipments expected in November 2025 [6] - The project has significant iron ore reserves exceeding 2.25 billion tons and an annual production capacity of 120 million tons, requiring at least 155 Capesize vessels for transportation [6] Trade Relations Impact - Recent discussions between Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump may pave the way for a trade agreement, potentially increasing oil and agricultural imports from the U.S. [6] - The reduction in tariffs could enhance shipping demand, particularly in the oil and bulk sectors [6] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies such as China Merchants Energy Shipping, COSCO Shipping Energy Transportation, Haitong Development, HNA Technology, and China National Offshore Oil Corporation [6]

Core Viewpoint - The company reported a decline in revenue and net profit for the first half of 2025, with a notable increase in container shipping profits, indicating resilience in performance despite challenges in other segments [1][2]. Financial Performance - In H1 2025, the company achieved revenue of 12.585 billion yuan, down 4.91% year-on-year, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 2.125 billion yuan, down 14.91% year-on-year [1]. - By segment, net profit from tanker transportation was 1.293 billion yuan, down 22.81%; dry bulk transportation was 422 million yuan, down 47.25%; container transportation was 628 million yuan, up 161.67%; roll-on/roll-off transportation was 106 million yuan, down 37.65%; and LNG transportation was 320 million yuan, unchanged [1]. - In Q2 2025, the company reported a net profit of 1.259 billion yuan, up 12.25% year-on-year and up 45.49% quarter-on-quarter [1]. Market Analysis - The oil and bulk shipping markets are experiencing weakness, while container shipping profits have surged, highlighting the company's operational resilience [2]. - For tankers, the TCE levels for the VLCC fleet decreased year-on-year due to a high base in 2024, but remained significantly above market indices [2]. - The dry bulk market is under pressure due to aging fleets and stricter environmental regulations, with the BDI average at 1290 points, down 29.74% year-on-year [2]. - The company expanded its container shipping capacity and opened new routes in Asia and Latin America, leading to a significant increase in container shipping net profit [2]. Future Outlook - The oil shipping market may benefit from OPEC+ production increases, which could enhance shipping volumes and support freight rates [3]. - The dry bulk market is expected to recover in H2 2025 due to domestic demand and new mining projects in Guinea, which may boost shipping demand [3]. - The container shipping market could see structural growth opportunities due to favorable tariff policies in Southeast Asia and South America [3]. - The company forecasts net profits of 5.33 billion yuan, 7.61 billion yuan, and 8.03 billion yuan for 2025-2027, with respective year-on-year growth rates of 4.35%, 42.77%, and 5.58% [3].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [6] Core Views - The report highlights a recovery in Q2 performance, with expectations for a synergy between oil and bulk shipping markets [6] - The company achieved a revenue of 12.585 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year decrease of 4.91%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 2.125 billion yuan, down 14.91% year-on-year [8] - The report anticipates a positive outlook for the oil and bulk shipping markets, driven by OPEC+ production increases and a recovery in demand for dry bulk shipping [8] Financial Performance Summary - Revenue projections for the company are as follows: 25.881 billion yuan in 2023, 25.799 billion yuan in 2024, 26.958 billion yuan in 2025E, 30.436 billion yuan in 2026E, and 31.502 billion yuan in 2027E, with a growth rate of 4.49% in 2025 [7] - Net profit attributable to shareholders is projected to be 4.837 billion yuan in 2023, 5.107 billion yuan in 2024, 5.330 billion yuan in 2025E, 7.609 billion yuan in 2026E, and 8.034 billion yuan in 2027E, with a growth rate of 4.35% in 2025 [7] - Earnings per share (EPS) are expected to be 0.60 yuan in 2023, 0.63 yuan in 2024, 0.66 yuan in 2025E, 0.94 yuan in 2026E, and 0.99 yuan in 2027E [7] Segment Performance - In the first half of 2025, the oil tanker segment generated a net profit of 1.293 billion yuan, down 22.81% year-on-year; the dry bulk segment's net profit was 422 million yuan, down 47.25%; the container segment saw a net profit of 628 million yuan, up 161.67%; and the roll-on/roll-off segment's net profit was 106 million yuan, down 37.65% [8] - The report notes that the company continues to expand its container shipping capacity and enhance customer service, leading to significant profit growth in the container segment [8] Market Outlook - The report suggests that the oil shipping market may see increased demand due to OPEC+ production increases, which could lead to a tightening supply and rising freight rates [8] - The dry bulk market is expected to recover in the second half of 2025, supported by domestic demand and the anticipated production of iron ore and bauxite in Guinea [8] - The container shipping market is projected to benefit from favorable tariff policies in Southeast Asia and South America, creating structural growth opportunities [8]