徐兆正 当下，人工智能已嵌入日常生活的每一个角落。在诸种模型的加持下，我们寻求答案的过程被无限缩 短。今天，问题比答案少，方法比困难多，制造的虚拟往往比真实更真实。不过，疑难的消失同时也是 叙事艺术备受冷遇的时刻：既然问题都解决了，何必再劳烦文学去寻找"金羊毛"？因此，站在2025年岁 末回顾这一年的文学，我们首先感知的并非这一年的文学成就，而是文学的不易与坚守。文学是一场不 断重启的解惑练习，也是一种永远在路上的精神探寻。 暌违四年，刘震云推出了第十一部长篇《咸的玩笑》。上一部《一日三秋》写的是笑话，近来接受采 访，他比较了这两本书，认为"笑话是个体的东西，玩笑是个体跟公众之间的关系"。当然，也不妨把这 条比较的延长线推得更远：新世纪初秩以来，当刘震云写完《一句顶一万句》，日后他所有的创作，都 只是要超越这部作品。 文学里的超越分两种：一种是藉由"误读"走出"传统"；一种是不断擦亮"传统"确定的母题。《一句顶一 万句》确立了哪些"母题"？首先，是从民间立场的质询，回撤到民间内部的对话；其次，把原本用以揭 露的缠绕风格，移作观察贩夫走卒心灵的一面透镜；最后，此前《一地鸡毛》中小林力图挣脱的关系之 网，在此成了 ...

中国青年报客户端讯（中青报·中青网记者 蒋肖斌）百年中国文学与当代文化价值建构暨《现代的形成 与拓路》典藏版座谈会，近日在北京大学举行。 本次会议系统梳理了百年以来，中国文学与现代性互动的历史脉络，及其对当代文化的塑造作用。在此 基础上，进一步探讨了文学如何回应现实，参与未来价值建构。 《现代的 中南出版传媒集团总编辑谢清风代表湖南出版集团、中南出版传媒集团，向北京大学中文系赠送《现代 的形成与拓路》典藏版。主办方供图 形成与拓路》。主办方供图 本次会议由北京大学文学讲习所、北京大学中国诗歌研究院、湖南出版投资控股集团、中南出版传媒集 团主办，湖南文艺出版社承办。 北京大学中文系教授、本书主编陈晓明说，这套书的诞生源于一个核心追问——百年中国文学对于当代 文化建设究竟有什么意义？作为北大中文系首个重大项目，它承载了填补学科空白的使命。项目历时13 年，凝聚了北大中文系老中青三代学者的心血。 来源：中国青年报客户端 陈晓明介绍，全书以"六编三十六章"的结构试图论证：百年中国文学不仅记录了历史，更是中国现代社 会形成与价值奠基的核心力量。这套书也是人才培养的成果，当年参与写作的许多博士生如今已成长为 各领域的佼佼 ...

中新网北京12月28日电 (记者 应妮)北京大学中文系三代学者历时十三年，完成国家社科基金重大项目 《现代的形成与拓路——百年中国文学与当代文化建设》。 《现代的 形成与拓路》书影。 主办方供图 "百年中国文学与当代文化价值建构暨《现代的形成与拓路》典藏版座谈会"27日在北京大学举行，三十 余位专家齐聚一堂，围绕百年中国文学如何参与当代文化价值建构展开深度座谈。 中国作家协会副主席阎晶明认为，这部十分难得的学术著作着眼于形成和拓路两个维度，以传统、世 界、大众化、伦理、民间、新媒体六个面向作为观察视角，以重点文学现象和作家作品为实证，对百年 来中国文学发展演变做了具有学理性的梳理与论述。它贯穿始终的主线，就是现代性的生成、发展、强 化、拓展、兴变，这些灿烂的景象成为中国当代文化建设的重要构成，对于文化建设产生了不可替代的 影响。 中国当代文学研究会会长、北京师范大学文学院教授张清华指出，这部著作既有强烈的问题意识，又有 鲜明的历史总体性考量，既有丰厚史料，又有广阔视野，既有文本勘查，又有强大的历史形变和逻辑力 量。论著无论对于新文学史、现代思想史还是现代文化史、当代思想理论的研究都是重大收获，是一项 具有里程 ...

要实现并落实长线主义，不仅需要唤醒选民和股民的长线意 识，还应将长线元素系统地纳入社会契约以及企业领导人的绩 效考核体系之中。 作者： 项兵 封图：图虫创意 长线主义着眼于百年乃至千年的历史尺度，关注文明的演化、国家体制的韧性，以及社会的长期繁 荣与兴盛。然而在现实中，尽管部分决策者怀有践行长线主义的意愿和情怀，但由于选民和股民更 关注短期利益和即时回报，这使得长线理念的实施往往面临重重障碍。 面对这一困境，笔者认为，要实现并落实长线主义，不仅需要唤醒选民和股民的长线意识，还应将 长线元素系统地纳入社会契约以及企业领导人的绩效考核体系之中。 长线主义的落实不可能一蹴而就。本文希望将探讨和弘扬长线思维作为推动长线主义的一个起点， 以此呼吁更多具有远见卓识的决策者、对子孙后代及地球可持续发展负责的仁人志士，运用长线思 维更好地应对人类当前面临的重大挑战。 长线思维视角下的两希文明演进 德国哲学家雅思贝尔斯（Karl Jaspers）在其1949年出版的《历史的起源与目标》中提出了"轴 心时代"（The Axial Age）的概念。这一时代大约从公元前800年持续到公元前200年，期间， 希腊、希伯来、印度和中国四 ...

二十世纪初的上海南京路，经历了一场从物理空间到文化意象的深刻蜕变，其核心驱动力，便是先施、 永安、新新、大新这四家民族资本百货公司的崛起。它们远非单纯的商业场所，而是功能强大的"造梦 机"——通过精密的资本运作、建筑实践与文化编码，系统性地生产出一种关于"现代"与"摩登"的集体 幻想。 首先，我们为什么要聚焦于百货公司？在近代上海纷繁复杂的城市图景中，银行、市政大楼、报馆、电 影院、工厂都扮演着重要角色，但是近代上海的两个重要历史事件却与百货公司紧密相连：1949年5月 25日，位于新新公司东北角楼的凯旋电台向上海市民播报："亲爱的上海人民，我们上海人民解放了， 人民解放军已经来到上海南京路！"随后，上海第一枚红旗，悬挂于永安公司的塔楼——天韵楼的尖顶 上。这些历史性事件，伴随着普通市民对于百货公司的记忆，让百货公司成为城市中最有特点的节点， 至今仍被各界人士津津乐道。同时，正是因为百货公司作为一个场所，将资本、商品、空间、身体和欲 望前所未有地整合在一起，是解读上海现代性与都市文化最生动的文本。 基于此，"造梦机"这个隐喻便呼之欲出了。百货公司正是制造和展示"摩登"（Modern）之梦的核心装 置。它将抽象 ...

长线主义的落实不可能一蹴而就。本文希望将探讨和弘扬长线思维作为推动长线主义的一个起点，以此呼吁更多具有远见卓识的决策者、对子孙后代及地球 可持续发展负责的仁人志士，运用长线思维更好地应对人类当前面临的重大挑战。 长线思维视角下的两希文明演进 德国哲学家雅思贝尔斯（KarlJaspers）在其1949年出版的《历史的起源与目标》中提出了"轴心时代"（TheAxialAge）的概念。这一时代大约从公元前800年 持续到公元前200年，期间，希腊、希伯来、印度和中国四大文明在全球不同地区独立发展，为人类文明奠定了坚实基础，形成了人类社会发展的"主轴 （Axis）"。因此，这个时代被称为人类"轴心时代"，这一时期的文明则被称为"轴心文明"。 尽管希腊的理性、希伯来的神性、印度的空性和中国的心性各有特色，但它们共同构成了人类心灵的摇篮，体现了人们对生死问题的终极关怀，并实现了超 越性突破，其影响延续至今。 在四大轴心文明中，希腊和希伯来文明相融合形成的"两希文明"推动了欧洲的文艺复兴运动，引发了宗教改革，孕育了启蒙思想并催生了科学革命。这一系 列变革使人类从神学及教权（下称"教权"）和王权的束缚中解放出来，催生了理性的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing societal focus on "security" as a primary pursuit in life, reflecting a shift in personal and relational dynamics influenced by fear and uncertainty [1][2][4]. Group 1: Societal Trends - There is a growing trend of cautious decision-making in career choices, with individuals opting for stability and security, even in personal relationships, leading to a rise in AI as a substitute for human connection [2][5]. - The term "security" has become vague and is often used to explain various behaviors, such as reluctance to change jobs or engage socially [5][11]. Group 2: Psychological Insights - Discussions around "security" reveal that many individuals feel driven by fear and scarcity, leading to a perpetual state of striving without a sense of belonging [4][9]. - The complexity of personal relationships is highlighted, where individuals may express a desire for connection while simultaneously avoiding responsibility, resulting in emotional pain [10][12]. Group 3: Impact of Modernity - The evolution of societal norms and the emergence of various relationship models contribute to a pervasive sense of confusion and insecurity among individuals [15][16]. - The article emphasizes that the experience of insecurity is not solely influenced by early attachment experiences but is also shaped by broader societal changes [8][20]. Group 4: Digital Age Challenges - The rise of online interactions has created a paradox where relationships feel both closer and more distant, leading to a decrease in the sense of safety typically found in familiar environments [36][37]. - The public exposure of personal struggles in the digital space can exacerbate feelings of insecurity and shame, as seen in the tragic case of a doctor who faced online harassment [7][36]. Group 5: Strategies for Building Security - To foster a sense of security, individuals are encouraged to create mental space and pause before reacting to situations, which can help mitigate impulsive responses driven by anxiety [38][40]. - The importance of understanding and processing trauma is emphasized, suggesting that healing involves recontextualizing painful experiences rather than erasing them [24][25].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Creating Modernity: Artistic Treasures from the Musée d'Orsay" showcases over a hundred masterpieces from the mid-19th to early 20th century, aiming to break the isolation of individual artists and art movements, while highlighting the interconnectedness of artists and their times [1][6][10]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition opens on June 18 at the Pudong Art Museum and is the largest ever held by the Musée d'Orsay in China [1]. - Curator Stéphane Guégan emphasizes the selection of artworks based on "excellence," including lesser-known pieces that reflect high artistic standards [1][9]. - The exhibition spans from the classical works of Jérôme and Cabanel to the modern expressions of Bonnard, illustrating the evolution of artistic themes such as the depiction of the nude [5][6]. Group 2: Historical Context - The time frame of 1848 to 1914 is significant as it encompasses a period of political upheaval and war in France, which influenced the art of the time [6][10]. - The exhibition reflects the social and political contexts of modernity, with 1848 marking a revolution and 1914 the onset of World War I [6][10]. Group 3: Artistic Themes and Connections - The exhibition aims to surprise audiences familiar with Impressionist artists like Monet and Renoir by introducing them to other significant works and artists [1][10]. - Guégan distinguishes between "modernity" and "modernism," asserting that modernity represents artists' ambitions to depict contemporary life, while modernism is often misinterpreted as a linear progression [9][66]. - The exhibition features notable pairings of artists, such as Manet and Degas, to illustrate their friendships and collaborative spirit within the artistic community of the 19th century [35][40]. Group 4: Lesser-Known Artists - The exhibition also highlights artists like Jérôme and Cabanel, who were once more prominent than the Impressionists but are now less recognized [66]. - Guégan points out the significance of works like Jules Didier's "Portrait of Ulysses Bittan," which reflects the transition of outdoor painting from avant-garde to mainstream acceptance [61][64]. Group 5: Audience Engagement and Reflection - The exhibition seeks to encourage viewers to rethink the meaning of modernity and the relationships between different artistic practices [66][68]. - Guégan hopes that visitors will leave with a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of art and its historical context, rather than viewing it as a linear evolution [66][68].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of learning from history to navigate current challenges and uncertainties, particularly in the context of China's modernization over the past 180 years [1][4]. Summary by Sections Historical Context - The "Self-Strengthening Movement" is highlighted as a significant reform in China's history, marking a shift from an agrarian society to an industrial one, but it lacked comprehensive changes in finance, currency, and land [7][8]. - In contrast, Japan's "Meiji Restoration" implemented systemic changes, including constitutional reforms and public education, leading to different outcomes for the two nations [8][10]. Modernization and Modernity - The distinction between modernization (economic and infrastructural development) and modernity (the awakening of individual consciousness) is discussed, indicating that while China has achieved modernization, the issue of modernity remains unresolved [11][12]. - The article argues that true modernization requires modernization of thought, institutions, and material conditions [12][14]. Reform and Economic Development - The article outlines the phases of China's reform since 1978, noting the initial focus on decentralized, incremental reforms and the later shift to centralized, comprehensive reforms [27][30]. - The challenges faced by enterprises today are categorized into three crises: lifecycle crises, industry crises, and market crises, suggesting that these crises can also present opportunities for growth [19][20]. Sino-American Relations - The article discusses the historical context of U.S.-China relations, particularly in light of China's rising economic power and the challenges faced by Chinese companies in the global market due to U.S. actions [33][34]. - It predicts that China will play a significant role in restructuring global manufacturing supply chains and emphasizes the need for continuous reform in response to international dynamics [37]. Educational and Experiential Learning - The "Wu Xiaobo Lecture Hall" is presented as a platform for learning and practical application, combining historical insights with contemporary business strategies [39][43]. - The program includes various courses aimed at helping entrepreneurs navigate the complexities of modern business environments and global challenges [44][46].