神译局是36氪旗下编译团队，关注科技、商业、职场、生活等领域，重点介绍国外的新技术、新观点、新风向。 编者按：便秘、肠漏、乳糜泻、炎症……现代人们常常受到肠道健康的影响。本文原作者文森特·何（Vincent Ho）是澳大利亚西悉尼大学医学院医学副教 授，他在胃肠病学领域发表多篇研究论文，并以"肠道博士"之名活跃于大众媒体与社交平台。他在本篇指南中详述了保持肠道健康的关键点。通过改变生活 方式和饮食习惯，我们可以保护肠道微生物群，增强免疫力，并改善情绪。本文来自编译，希望对您有所启发。 人体肠道内栖息着数万亿微生物。图片来源：Steve Gschmeissner/SPL 肠道相关的不适症状极为普遍。然而出于羞耻感，许多人甚至不敢向至亲好友倾诉。作为执业胃肠病学家，我亲眼目睹了这些问题是如何影响人们的生活 的。 维护肠道健康、缓解肠道症状的第一步，是主动了解相关知识。在这份指南中，我邀请你踏上一段探索肠道与"肠道微生物群"的旅程，了解如何改善并维持 肠道健康。若你或身边人正为肠道健康所困，请务必明白，你绝非孤军奋战。以下是我行医生涯中帮助过的患者案例，不知你是否有所共鸣？ 另一位五十多岁的患者因粪便带少量鲜红血液 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 肠道微生物群 是免疫系统和宿主代谢的重要调节因素，其在 怀孕期间 会发生显著变化。肠道微生物群会 影响怀孕期间期母体的代谢重编程，并有助于胎盘血管化。母体的肠道微生物失调与胃肠道疾病及妊娠并 发症 （ 包括流产、早产、低出生体重和子痫前期 ） 有关，。 怀孕与免疫系统的巨大变化有关，这些变化有助于母体对半同种异体的胎儿的免疫耐受，部分是通过母体 的 调节性 T 细胞 （Treg） 实现的，这种细胞能抑制针对胎儿抗原的免疫激活。 母胎免疫耐受性受到破坏可能导致 流产、早产等 妊娠并发症。然而，肠道微生物群在调控母胎免疫耐受方 面的作用仍不明确。肠道微生物群到多种母体因素的显著影响，包括抗生素的使用和饮食。母体对发育中 的胎儿的免疫反应是否以及如何受到肠道微生物的影响，目前仍知之甚少。 2025 年 12 月 17 日，威尔·康奈尔医学院 Melody Y. Zeng 团队在国际大奖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题 为： Gut microbiota promotes immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface 的研究论文 ...

排版丨水成文 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病 （MASLD） ，此前被称为非酒精性脂肪肝病 （NAFLD） ，正日益受到关注，成为全球 性的健康危机。它涵盖了从单纯脂肪变性到代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎 （MASH） 的范围，病情可能会发展为肝纤 维化、肝硬化，甚至肝细胞癌。 尽管 MASLD 的负担沉重且其病理生理学复杂，但目前仅有 1 种药物 （瑞美替罗） 获批专门用于 MASH 的治疗，这 凸显了迫切需要更多替代策略，其中 益生元 已崭露头角，成为颇具前景的候选方案。 2025 年 11 月 2 0 日， 上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院 李华婷 教授、上海交通大学数学科学学院 / 人工智能 学院 陈洛南 教授、上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院 倪岳琼 研究员、上海科技大学 / 上海临床研究中心 曾嵘 教 授及上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院 贾伟平 教授等， 在 Cell 子刊 Cell Metabolism 上 发表了题为： Interindividual variability in gut microbiome mediates the efficacy of resistant starch ...

LifeVantage Conference Call Summary Company Overview - **Company Name**: LifeVantage (NasdaqCM: LFVN) - **Industry**: Direct Selling, Nutraceuticals - **Headquarters**: Near Salt Lake City, Utah - **Years in Business**: 16 years - **Active Customers and Consultants**: Approximately 132,000 globally - **Geographic Presence**: Products sold in about 20 countries, with 80% of revenue from North America [2][4] Financial Performance - **Fiscal Year Ended June 30**: - Revenue: $229 million, up 14% year-over-year [3] - EBITDA: Just under $10 million [3] - **Revenue Model**: 70% of revenue is subscription-based, with a 30-day consumption model for products [2][11] - **Balance Sheet**: - Cash: Approximately $20 million - No debt - Working capital: $24 million [15] Product Portfolio - **Core Products**: - Protandim Nrf2: Flagship product, accounts for 50% of revenue, clinically proven to reduce oxidative stress by 40% in 30 days [6] - TrueScience Liquid Collagen: Increases collagen production by 100% [7] - MindBody GLP-1 System: Natural alternative to synthetic drugs, proven to increase GLP-1 production by over 200% [9] - P84 (from LoveBiome acquisition): Focused on gut microbiome [11] - **Market Potential**: - GLP-1 market projected to grow from $19 billion to $88 billion [10] - Gut health market projected to reach $32 billion [11] Strategic Initiatives - **Acquisition**: Acquired LoveBiome to enhance product offerings and geographic reach [5][11] - **Compensation Plan**: Modernized to attract both traditional business builders and micro-influencers, allowing earnings of up to 40% on product sales [12] - **E-commerce Development**: Partnership with Shopify to enhance customer experience [13][17] Growth Opportunities - **Geographic Expansion**: Underrepresented in Europe and Asia, presenting significant growth opportunities [4][20] - **Product Innovation**: Continuous investment in product development and operational efficiencies [14][17] - **Subscription Model**: Provides consistent revenue stream, reducing volatility [20] Shareholder Returns - **Stock Buyback Program**: $60 million plan, with $17 million remaining for future repurchases [18] - **Dividends**: Regular increases in dividend payouts since introduction [19] Market Positioning - **Health Conscious Consumer Base**: Products cater to a growing trend of proactive health management [19][20] - **Competitive Advantage**: Strong foundation with patented, science-backed products supported by clinical studies [22] Conclusion - LifeVantage is positioned for sustained growth through strategic acquisitions, product innovation, and a strong subscription model, while also focusing on expanding its international presence and enhancing its compensation plan to attract new sales representatives [20][22]

Core Insights - The study indicates that gut microbiota can predict the efficacy of consolidation immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients [3][9] - The research highlights the dynamic changes in gut microbiota during treatment and its correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment-related lung toxicity [5][6] Group 1: Research Findings - The research team utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to track the dynamic changes in gut microbiota of stage III lung cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) [5] - In traditional CRT, the composition of gut microbiota remained unaffected, whereas in CRT combined with ICI, patients with longer PFS exhibited higher baseline gut microbiota diversity, which decreased during treatment [6][9] - The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) increased post-chemoradiotherapy, correlating with extended distant metastasis-free survival in patients receiving CRT combined with ICI [6][10] Group 2: Clinical Implications - The study suggests that the overall clinical benefit of CRT combined with ICI is significantly greater compared to CRT alone for locally advanced lung cancer patients [9] - The dynamic changes in Akkermansia muciniphila serve as a potential prognostic indicator for patient survival outcomes [10] - Distinct gut microbiota characteristics were observed in patients who developed severe lung toxicity post-treatment, indicating a possible predictive marker for treatment-related pneumonia [6][10]

Core Insights - A recent study presented at UEG Week 2025 indicates that microplastics alter the human gut microbiome, with changes resembling patterns associated with depression and colorectal cancer [1][2] - This research is among the first to directly examine how different types of microplastics interact with the human gut microbiome [1] Summary by Sections Study Methodology - The study utilized fecal samples from five healthy volunteers for in vitro gut microbiome cultivation, exposing these cultures to five common types of microplastics: polystyrene, polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene terephthalate [1] - Concentrations of microplastics reflected estimated human exposure levels, with higher doses used to investigate potential dose-dependent effects [1] Findings on Bacterial Composition - While total bacterial cell counts and viable bacterial cell counts remained largely unchanged, the acidity of the microplastic-treated cultures significantly increased compared to the control group, indicating altered microbial metabolic activity [1] - Specific changes in bacterial composition were observed, with certain bacterial populations increasing or decreasing depending on the type of microplastic, particularly within the phylum Firmicutes, which is crucial for digestion and overall gut health [1] Chemical Changes and Disease Implications - Changes in the chemical substances produced by bacteria accompanied the shifts in bacterial composition, with some correlating with the observed increase in acidity [2] - Certain types of microplastics altered levels of pentanoic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid, while others affected lysine or lactic acid, highlighting the complexity of microplastic-microbiome interactions [2] - Notably, some of the microbially induced changes reflect patterns previously associated with diseases such as depression and colorectal cancer, underscoring the potential health risks linked to microplastic exposure [2]

Core Insights - The gut microbiome is a significant predictor of health, influencing metabolism, weight, brain health, and aging [3][4] - Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbes, is linked to various chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders [22][30] Group 1: Microbiome and Health - The gut microbiome consists of over 30 trillion microbes, comparable in number to human cells, and plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption [5][10] - Changes in the microbiome can occur rapidly in response to diet, antibiotics, and environmental factors, affecting overall health and resilience [8][13] - Dysbiosis can lead to increased intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and is associated with conditions like metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases [22][23][24] Group 2: Chronic Diseases Linked to Dysbiosis - Cardiovascular disease is linked to dysbiosis through microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is associated with higher risks of heart attack and stroke [25][31] - Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's show microbial shifts that may precede clinical symptoms, suggesting potential for early intervention [28][51] - Mental health issues, including major depressive disorder, have been correlated with reduced levels of beneficial gut bacteria [27][32] Group 3: Dietary Influence on the Microbiome - A diverse, plant-based diet rich in fiber, resistant starches, and polyphenols is essential for maintaining a healthy microbiome [35][39][54] - Fermented foods can enhance microbial diversity and reduce inflammation, supporting overall gut health [38][54] - Long-term dietary changes are necessary to achieve lasting improvements in microbiome composition, as short-term diets often revert to baseline [42][44] Group 4: Future of Microbiome Research and Therapies - Precision probiotics and live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are being explored as potential treatments for metabolic and neurological disorders [46][49] - Emerging diagnostics, such as stool sequencing and capsule-based sampling, may allow for personalized microbiome-targeted therapies [51][52] - The integration of diet, lifestyle, and microbial therapeutics is anticipated to be the future approach for optimizing gut health and overall well-being [52][53]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between nasal microbiota, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, and depressive behavior, highlighting the role of sex hormone degradation in this process [4][5][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Nature Microbiology indicates that nasal Staphylococcus aureus can promote depressive behavior in mice by degrading sex hormones [4][5]. - The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expressed by Staphylococcus aureus degrades testosterone and estradiol in mice, leading to decreased levels of dopamine and serotonin in the brain, which induces depressive-like behavior [5][11]. - Analysis of nasal microbiota shows a positive correlation between the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and depression scores in both depressed patients and healthy controls [9]. Group 2: Implications - The findings suggest a significant link between nasal microbiota and brain function, particularly in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders, which has been under-researched [8]. - The study provides new insights into the nose-brain axis, indicating that nasal colonization by certain bacteria may influence mental health through hormonal pathways [11].

Core Insights - The research from the Charles Perkins Centre at the University of Sydney suggests that gut microbiome health may be influenced by genetics, not just diet, highlighting the role of a natural protein peptide called α-defensin in managing gut bacteria and protecting against unhealthy diets [1][2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The study indicates that certain genes in mice lead to the production of α-defensin, which helps promote beneficial bacteria while eliminating harmful ones, resulting in healthier gut microbiomes and reduced risk of insulin resistance [1][2] - Mice that produced more α-defensin were found to be healthier compared to those that produced less, and synthetic α-defensin peptides were shown to protect mice from the negative effects of unhealthy diets [2] - The research emphasizes that while gut microbiomes influence various diseases, the body actively shapes its microbiome through genetic factors, suggesting potential for peptide-based treatments for chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity [2][3] Group 2: Implications for Personalized Medicine - The study highlights the importance of personalized medicine, indicating that individuals with different genetic backgrounds may respond differently to treatments involving defensin peptides [2][3] - The research team is expanding their studies to explore the application of α-defensin in human health, particularly its relationship with metabolic health and gut microbiomes [3] - The potential for precision medicine is underscored, as understanding individual responses to treatments could lead to more effective interventions for managing gut microbiomes and associated chronic diseases [3]

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the importance of gut microbiota in enhancing the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for cancer treatment, proposing a novel food-medicine homologous formula to improve outcomes and reduce adverse effects [2][6][10]. Group 1: Research Development - A new oral formulation, CV/APS-MS, was developed using microcapsules to co-load Chlorella vulgaris and Astragalus polysaccharides, which are recognized for their therapeutic and nutritional benefits [3][6]. - This formulation aims to prolong retention time in the gut, nourish beneficial gut microbiota, and alleviate inflammation [6][8]. Group 2: Experimental Findings - In mouse models of melanoma lung metastasis treated with ICB therapy, CV/APS-MS improved T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and mitigated ICB-induced colitis and pneumonia by restoring gut microbiota balance and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines [8][10]. - The study suggests that combining food-grade bioreagents with modern medicine could be a powerful method to enhance cancer treatment efficacy and tolerance [10].