Core Insights - The article discusses a research paper published in Cell Press that evaluates the global flux of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) from glaciers in the context of climate change, highlighting the urgency for coordinated action in managing historical pollutants and climate mitigation [5][6]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies major PFAA release hotspots, including the Arctic, South Asia, and Central Asia, emphasizing the need for urgent action to manage these pollutants [5][6]. - PFAA, a significant industrial pollutant, poses serious risks to both ecological and human health due to its persistence and accumulation in cold regions, including glaciers [6]. - The research estimates that global glaciers release approximately 3,500 kilograms of PFAA annually, with suspended particles contributing about 12% of this total [6]. Group 2: Implications and Recommendations - The findings fill a critical gap in the global PFAA budget and stress the need for coordinated efforts to manage historical pollutants and mitigate climate change [7]. - The study suggests that controlling PFAA pollution in hotspot areas requires reducing emissions at the source and slowing down glacier melting through climate change mitigation [7]. - Effective strategies to address this dual threat necessitate interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, local communities, and policymakers [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of lithography technology from the 1950s to the 21st century, focusing on the advancements in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) and its significance in semiconductor manufacturing [2][6]. Group 1: Introduction to Lithography Technology - Lithography technology is the cornerstone of modern microelectronics, enabling the precise transfer of complex patterns onto substrates, which directly impacts the integration density, computational performance, and manufacturing costs of integrated circuits [7]. - The application scenarios of lithography technology have expanded from traditional fields such as consumer electronics and medical devices to emerging areas like artificial intelligence and quantum computing, which require high-performance chips [8][9]. Group 2: Overview of Lithography Technology - The basic process of lithography includes substrate preparation, photoresist coating, pre-baking, exposure, development, post-baking, etching, and stripping [10][11]. - Key lithography technologies include deep ultraviolet lithography (DUVL), electron beam lithography (EBL), and nanoimprint lithography (NIL), each with unique characteristics and applications [10][11]. Group 3: Photoresist Materials - Photoresists are sensitive materials used in lithography, classified into positive and negative types based on their behavior after development [12][13]. - The core components of photoresists include film-forming resins and photoinitiators, which play crucial roles in the lithography process [12][13]. Group 4: Development Trends and Challenges - The future of photoresist development focuses on high-resolution materials compatible with EUVL, environmentally friendly options, and multifunctional photoresists that integrate various properties [15][16]. - Key challenges in lithography technology include resolution limits, high costs, and environmental impacts, with ongoing research aimed at addressing these issues through innovative solutions [22][23][24]. Group 5: Summary and Outlook - The evolution of lithography technology has progressed from DUVL to EUVL, achieving mass production capabilities for 5nm and below process nodes, while new types of photoresists are being developed to meet advanced manufacturing needs [16][33]. - Future directions include interdisciplinary collaboration, intelligent lithography systems, and the integration of multifunctional materials to adapt to emerging technologies [16][33].

【DT新材料】 获 悉， 9月14日，"第二届国际绿碳科学大会（ICGC 2025）"在青岛开幕，首届" 绿碳杰出成就奖 "颁发，何鸣元、谭天伟、米夏埃 尔·格雷策尔三位科学家获得殊荣。在 绿色生物制造领域 ， 中国工程院院士、北京化工大学谭天伟教授 是中国生物化工领域的领军者，以创新驱动生 物炼制行业变革，系统推动我国绿色生物制造体系建设与发展，为全球可持续发展贡献"中国方案"。 会议期间， 《中国科学报》记者对 中国工程院院士谭天伟进行了专访。 《中国科学报》 ：作为中国生物化工领域的领军者，你对获得首届"绿碳杰出成就奖"有何感想？你认为中国发展绿色生物制造对于实现"双碳"目标的 核心价值是什么？未来十年，绿色生物制造的最关键突破点会在哪些方向？ 谭天伟 ：这份荣誉不属于我个人，属于我的团队，属于所有为中国绿色生物制造事业奋斗的同仁。这既是对我们过去工作的肯定，也是对"生物制 造"这一战略方向重要性的认可。 中国发展绿色生物制造对于实现"双碳"目标的核心价值在于提供了一条 "不减增长、只减排放"的发展新路径，是破解"发展"与"降碳"两难命题的关 键。 未来十年，绿色生物制造领域将在人工智能驱动的菌种智造、 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of green bio-manufacturing as a sustainable development frontier, predicting that by the end of this century, bio-manufactured products could cover 70% of chemical manufacturing products, with bio-manufacturing potentially accounting for one-third of global manufacturing by 2050, creating an economic value of $30 trillion [4][5]. Group 1: Green Bio-Manufacturing Potential - The current scale of the bio-manufacturing industry is less than $8 trillion, indicating substantial growth potential in the future [4]. - The third generation of bio-manufacturing, which utilizes carbon dioxide as a raw material, is expected to significantly contribute to carbon neutrality efforts [5]. Group 2: Key Challenges and Innovations - Major scientific challenges include efficiently capturing and activating inert carbon dioxide molecules, requiring the design of new enzyme catalysts and light-enzyme coupling systems [5]. - Engineering challenges involve scaling up efficient but fragile biological systems to create stable, continuous, and low-cost reactors, transitioning from laboratory to industrial scale [5]. Group 3: Interdisciplinary Collaboration - Achieving deep integration across disciplines such as biology, chemistry, materials science, and information technology requires the establishment of project communities, shared platforms, and talent communities [6]. - Educational reforms are necessary to cultivate interdisciplinary talent capable of leading the next industrial revolution, including curriculum changes and new evaluation methods [6]. Group 4: China's Position in Global Green Technology - China is transitioning from a "follower" to a "leader" in the global green technology race, with advantages in applied research, industrialization, and market scale [7]. - The proposed international cooperation model emphasizes open collaboration in basic research, innovation alliances in key technology areas, and self-reliance in core competitive fields [7].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of basic research in driving scientific and technological progress, while highlighting the challenges faced by young researchers in this field [1] - Young researchers should focus on finding intersections between academic hotspots and practical issues, particularly in fields like artificial intelligence and healthcare [2] - The strategy of "cold spots within hot topics" can be beneficial, allowing researchers to explore under-explored areas within popular fields [2] Group 2 - A "dual-track" research model is recommended, where researchers can pursue both short-term projects with immediate outputs and long-term core issues [3] - Breaking down long-term goals into smaller, manageable objectives can help maintain progress and yield periodic results [3] - Establishing a personal academic label in a specific niche can enhance a researcher's reputation over time, even in the absence of immediate breakthroughs [3] Group 3 - Effective cross-disciplinary collaboration requires overcoming barriers such as disciplinary silos, communication challenges, and issues related to benefit distribution [4] - Creating a "common language" among collaborators is essential for smooth communication and understanding of different disciplines [4] - Focusing on specific interdisciplinary scientific problems rather than general discussions can lead to more productive collaborations [5]

Core Findings - A new cosmic phenomenon named ASKAP J1832-0911 has been discovered, emitting radio waves and X-rays every 44 minutes for approximately two minutes, marking the first detection of such a long-period transient (LPT) in X-rays [1][2] - The discovery was made using the ASKAP radio telescope in Australia, and the signals were correlated with data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, which was observing the same region of the sky at the same time [1] Summary by Sections Discovery and Significance - Since the initial discovery of LPTs by ICRAR researchers in 2022, scientists globally have confirmed 10 such celestial bodies, but the exact cause of these signals and their unique timing remains a mystery [2] - ASKAP J1832-0911 is hypothesized to be a magnetar or a highly magnetized white dwarf in a binary system, yet existing theories do not fully explain the observed phenomena [2] Implications for Research - The detection of this celestial body in X-rays is significant as it opens new avenues for understanding the nature of such objects, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among global scientists [2] - This breakthrough not only narrows down the potential identities of these celestial bodies but also provides valuable clues for exploring their true nature by requiring explanations for both X-ray and radio wave emissions [2] Broader Context - The discovery of ASKAP J1832-0911 challenges existing theoretical frameworks for understanding the universe and offers new insights into stellar evolution, suggesting that exploration in this field is just beginning [3]

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 随着科研图景的不断变化，研究人员往往需要应对新出现的挑战，从气候变化到新冠大流行。这需要适应，也可能要研究人员考虑不同的研究方向，包括结合新 的研究方向，或者直接转换到新的研究领域。 这种研究方向的转换，有可能会给研究工作带来新视角，但也有可能出现与适应不同主题或学科相关的挑战。然而，对这种研究方向转换的程度以及后续影响的 理解，一直理解有限。 2025 年 5 月 28 日，美国西北大学 王大顺 教授团队等在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题 为： The pivot penalty in research 的研究论文。 该研究在分析 2580 万篇科学论文以及 170 万个专利后发现， 科学家转换研究方向可能会产生负面结果——当一个研究人员离开其原本的专业领域后，其发表论 文所获得的引用量会低于其之前的研究成果，而且，研究方向转换的幅度越大，这种影响就越显著，研究团队将这一现象称为——" 转向惩罚 "。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队设计了一个新的衡量框架，用于量化研究人员与其现有研究领域的偏离有多远，并将其用于评估 1970-2015 年之间发表的 2580 ...