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11月5日,“黑天鹅”来袭?
华尔街见闻· 2025-10-04 12:42
在经历了一系列关税冲击、府院博弈与政府停摆的震荡后,美国市场正迎来又一个关键节点—— 11月5日,美国最高法院将开庭审理特朗普政府系列关税的合 法性。 这一判决可能导向两个极端: 如果最终裁定关税非法,白宫或将面临退还数十亿美元税款的窘境,并引发贸易与财政的双重混乱; 而一旦裁定合法,总统将获得一项近乎"君主"般的权力,得以在未经国会批准的情况下单方面施加重大经济措施。 这不仅是一场法律诉讼,更是 一场将深刻重塑美国总统权力边界与经济政策走向的对决。 一场重塑总统权力的司法对决 此次司法对决的核心,是特朗普政府援引1977年《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)作为加征关税的法律基石。 该法案授权总统在应对"国家紧急状态"时拥有广泛权力,而本届政府正是通过将贸易逆差定义为"国家紧急状态",为一系列关税措施打开了通道。 其影响是显著的:4月2日生效的关税,已将美国的有效消费品关税税率推高至17.9%,这是自1934年以来的最高水平。 白宫对此举的合法性表现出十足的信心。 总统贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗给出了三点辩护理由:贸易逆差构成"不寻常且特殊的"外部威胁;IEEPA的文本并未明确将关税排除在可动用的"紧急"工具之外 ...
下一个“黑天鹅”,11月5日来袭?
Hua Er Jie Jian Wen· 2025-10-04 12:14
在经历了一系列关税冲击、府院博弈与政府停摆的震荡后,美国市场正迎来又一个关键节点——11月5 日,美国最高法院将开庭审理特朗普政府系列关税的合法性。 这一判决可能导向两个极端:如果最终裁定关税非法,白宫或将面临退还数十亿美元税款的窘境,并引 发贸易与财政的双重混乱;而一旦裁定合法,总统将获得一项近乎"君主"般的权力,得以在未经国会批 准的情况下单方面施加重大经济措施。 这不仅是一场法律诉讼,更是一场将深刻重塑美国总统权力边界与经济政策走向的对决。 包括保守派在内的大多数法律学者认为,政府的法律依据相当薄弱,败诉的可能性很大。其核心逻辑在 于"重大问题原则"(major-questions doctrine),即任何具有"巨大经济和政治意义"的行政行为,都必须 得到国会或宪法的明确授权。 值得一提的是,美国首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨等保守派法官以往对此原则多有支持。 市场的"达摩克利斯之剑" 对于华尔街而言,这场官司是悬顶的达摩克利斯之剑,其判决结果将导向两种截然不同的未来。 一场重塑总统权力的司法对决 此次司法对决的核心,是特朗普政府援引1977年《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)作为加征关税的法 律基石。 该 ...
下一个“黑天鹅”会是11月5日吗?
Hua Er Jie Jian Wen· 2025-10-04 10:39
在经历了一系列关税冲击、府院博弈与政府停摆的震荡后,美国市场正迎来又一个关键节点——11月5 日,美国最高法院将开庭审理特朗普政府系列关税的合法性。 这一判决可能导向两个极端:如果最终裁定关税非法,白宫或将面临退还数十亿美元税款的窘境,并引 发贸易与财政的双重混乱;而一旦裁定合法,总统将获得一项近乎"君主"般的权力,得以在未经国会批 准的情况下单方面施加重大经济措施。 这不仅是一场法律诉讼,更是一场将深刻重塑美国总统权力边界与经济政策走向的对决。 一场重塑总统权力的司法对决 此次司法对决的核心,是特朗普政府援引1977年《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)作为加征关税的法 律基石。 该法案授权总统在应对"国家紧急状态"时拥有广泛权力,而本届政府正是通过将贸易逆差定义为"国家 紧急状态",为一系列关税措施打开了通道。 但吊诡之处在于,白宫顾问坚称关税是随"紧急状态"结束的临时措施,财政部却已将其作为长期收入来 源进行规划,其间的逻辑矛盾暴露了政策的不确定性。 如果最高法院最终裁定关税非法,其后果将是连锁性的。 总统贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗给出了三点辩护理由:贸易逆差构成"不寻常且特殊的"外部威胁;IEEPA的文 本 ...
美政府关税官司缠身折射治理乱象
一段时间以来,美国政府的关税政策陷入多起国内司法诉讼,并连收美国国际贸易法院、美国联邦巡回 上诉法院两张司法"红牌"。美国联邦最高法院日前宣布,将快速审议政府所征多数关税的合法性,定于 11月首周听取口头辩论。有美媒指出,这将是联邦最高法院首次对本届政府核心政策的合法性作出判 定,其结果或可左右美国关税政策的未来命运。 专家分析,美国国内涉及关税政策的诉讼不断,根源在于该政策的实际效用及制定程序均引发巨大争 议。同时,该事件也折射出当下美国政治体制存在的诸多深层次危机。 据悉,美国联邦最高法院将审议的关税包括:总统特朗普援引1977年《国际紧急经济权力法》面向全球 征收的10%"基准关税"、对未与美国达成贸易协议的贸易伙伴征收的更高额度关税以及所谓"芬太尼关 税"。 今年5月,位于纽约的美国国际贸易法院3人合议庭就小企业主和美国12州所提诉讼裁定,总统无权援引 《国际紧急经济权力法》征收上述关税。8月29日,美国联邦巡回上诉法院审理特朗普政府上诉后,以7 比4的投票结果维持原裁决。裁决书认为,《国际紧急经济权力法》授权总统在紧急情况下颁布某些经 济措施,以应对"异常和特殊威胁",但征税权力为宪法赋予国会专属, ...
给特朗普放水后,美国共和党大法官,被自己定的规则坑惨
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-14 04:43
追溯这一司法理论的发展历程,其雏形最早出现在2014年的公用事业空气监管集团诉美国环保署案中。 当时正值奥巴马执政时期,案件争议焦点是环保署对燃煤电厂碳排放的新规。最高法院在判决中首次提 出,涉及重大经济影响的监管政策需要国会明确授权这一概念。虽然该案仅针对环境监管领域,但其确 立的司法理念为后续发展埋下伏笔。到2022年西弗吉尼亚诉环保署案时,这一理论已发展成熟。由首席 大法官罗伯茨主笔的判决书,以6:3的票数彻底推翻了拜登政府的发电厂碳排放计划,并明确宣告:涉 及重大经济和政治意义的政策必须获得国会明确授权。此后,该原则在2023年拜登诉内布拉斯加州案中 得到进一步强化,导致总额达4300亿美元的学生贷款减免计划流产。 特朗普重返白宫后,贸易政策立即成为其执政议程的核心议题。这位以美国优先为口号的总统在上任首 周就签署行政令,宣布对来自中国、欧盟等主要贸易伙伴的商品加征全面关税,平均税率从原先的3% 飙升至25%。这项政策旨在通过提高贸易壁垒来缩减美国长期存在的巨额贸易逆差,同时为本土制造业 提供保护。然而政策实施仅三个月,就遭到美国进口商联盟的强烈抵制。由V.O.S.精选公司牵头,联合 全美12个州的进 ...
美国关税战成笑话?特朗普收到坏消息,与此同时全美千场抗议爆发
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-08 01:45
8月29号这天,美国联邦巡回上诉法院给了特朗普的"对等关税"一记结结实实的重拳——直接判定他靠着《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)加征的大部分 全球关税,纯属越权,根本不合法!不过也没赶尽杀绝,留了个缓冲期,等到10月14号,让最高法院来最终定调。 巧了不是,几乎同一时间,加州联邦法官也撂了句硬话:特朗普把国民警卫队和海军陆战队调去洛杉矶"帮忙执法",这事同样没道理,不合法!法院的木槌 刚落下,全国的抗议声浪立马就起来了——劳工们、教育界的老师、服务业的工作人员,还有工地上的工人,举着标语就往街上冲,那阵仗可不小。 不过这次裁决也没把路堵死,留了个缓冲期,让现有政策先撑到10月中旬,给上诉留了点时间。但白宫和司法部硬气得很,一口咬定总统这么做合法,全是 为了国家安全和经济安全,半点不让步。 舆论场上倒没一边倒地骂,有分析师直接泼冷水:就算最高法院最后站在下级法院这边,关税也未必会黄,大不了换个"法律口袋"接着用——比如拿国家安 全当由头搞232调查,或者走《1974年贸易法》第122条里的国际收支紧急措施,条条大路通罗马嘛! 232这张牌最近几年打得可熟了,钢铁、铝还有相关的衍生品,税率一路涨到50%,征税 ...
特朗普:将请求最高法院“快速裁决”全球关税案,若胜诉股市会大涨,否则巨震
美股IPO· 2025-09-03 01:20
特朗普称,若上诉到最高法院,他仍败诉,将造成"一种也许前所未见的震荡",若胜诉,股市将会"直冲云霄";不确定性造成股市下跌,周二美股下跌 就是因为上周五上诉法院的全球关税违法裁决;若取消关税,美国"最终可能会成为第三世界国家"。 在美国上诉法院判定特朗普政府今年出台的大多数全球关税违法后,美国总统特朗普表达了坚决推翻裁决的态度,并继续警告败诉的恶劣后果。 美东时间2日周二,特朗普表示,将就全球关税案裁决向美国最高法院提起上诉,并重申,他推出全球关税是鉴于美国处于经济紧急状态。 特朗普称,如果上诉到最高法院后,他仍在全球关税案中败诉,将会造成"一种也许前所未见的震荡"。如果他在关税案中获胜,股市将会"直冲云霄"。 他认为,不确定性造成股市下跌。 特朗普讲话期间,美股保持跌势。美股午盘时段,标普500指数跌约1%,道指跌逾380点、跌约0.8%,纳指跌1.2%,均连续两个交易日日收跌、刷新 至少一周来低位。 而后特朗普说,他将请求最高法院"快速裁决",希望法院尽早受理、加快审理,尽快做出裁决,推翻上诉法院认定大部分关税非法的裁决。希望"明 天"就上诉到最高法院,"因为我们需要尽早做出裁决",关税事关"我们国家的财 ...
特朗普:将请求最高法院“快速裁决”全球关税案,若胜诉股市会大涨,否则巨震
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-02 23:36
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of a U.S. appellate court ruling that deemed most of the global tariffs imposed by the Trump administration illegal, and Trump's intention to appeal to the Supreme Court to overturn this decision [1][4][10]. Group 1: Legal and Economic Implications - Trump plans to appeal the appellate court's ruling to the Supreme Court, emphasizing the urgency of a quick resolution due to the tariffs' impact on the nation's financial structure [3][4]. - The appellate court's decision indicates that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President the authority to impose tariffs, which could significantly affect U.S. trade policy [4][10]. - If the Supreme Court upholds the lower court's ruling, it would severely limit Trump's ability to impose tariffs, undermining his economic strategy to compel companies to invest in the U.S. [10][11]. Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the announcement of the appellate court's ruling, U.S. stock markets experienced declines, with the S&P 500 down approximately 1% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropping over 380 points [1][4]. - Trump attributes the market downturn to uncertainty surrounding the tariff situation, suggesting that a favorable ruling could lead to a significant market rally [1][4]. Group 3: Alternative Legal Strategies - The U.S. Treasury Secretary expressed confidence that the Supreme Court would support Trump's use of IEEPA for imposing tariffs but is also preparing alternative legal strategies in case of a loss [9][10]. - If the Supreme Court rules against Trump, the administration may resort to other legal frameworks, such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, to impose tariffs, albeit with less efficiency [9][10]. Group 4: Potential Consequences of Ruling - Legal experts warn that a Supreme Court ruling against the tariffs could lead to significant economic repercussions, including potential financial collapse due to the loss of tariff revenue, which totaled $159 billion as of July [10][11]. - The ruling could also set a precedent affecting the balance of power between the executive branch and Congress regarding trade policy [10][11].
海外政策|特朗普关税再遭裁定违法,后续走向如何?
Jin Shi Shu Ju· 2025-09-01 01:20
Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that Trump's tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) are illegal, but this does not mean an immediate suspension of the tariffs as Trump plans to appeal to the Supreme Court [1][3][4]. Summary by Sections Court Ruling and Implications - The U.S. Court of Appeals determined that Trump's use of IEEPA to impose tariffs exceeded the authority granted by the act, which does not explicitly allow for tariff imposition [3][7]. - The ruling was passed with a 7-4 majority, maintaining the validity of tariffs until October 14, 2025, allowing time for Trump's appeal to the Supreme Court [3][4]. Future Legal Proceedings - The Supreme Court is expected to review the case after its summer recess ends on September 29, with a potential decision on whether to extend the suspension of the ruling by October 14 [4][5]. - Historical precedents suggest that Supreme Court decisions can take several months, with the earliest possible ruling by the end of the year and the latest by summer 2026 [4][5]. Economic and Trade Impact - The ruling does not immediately disrupt import and export activities, as the tariffs will remain in effect during the appeal process [8]. - Despite the tariffs, strong demand from non-U.S. regions is expected to mitigate some of the downward pressure on exports from China [8][10]. Export Growth and Trade Diversification - In the first seven months of 2025, China's exports to ASEAN and Africa grew by 13.5% and 24.5%, respectively, indicating a shift towards trade diversification [10]. - The growth in high-tech and machinery exports also supports the overall export performance, with significant increases noted in new energy and advanced manufacturing sectors [10].
东方战略周观察:特朗普关税裁决进展更新
Orient Securities· 2025-06-03 11:10
Group 1: Legal and Judicial Developments - On May 29, the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT) ruled that Trump's tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) were illegal, marking a judicial constraint on Trump's executive power in trade policy[1] - The ruling emphasizes the constitutional principle of separation of powers, highlighting the legal controversy surrounding Trump's tariff policies and their impact on the U.S. trade governance system[1] - Although the CIT ruling has nationwide effect, the Trump administration can delay its implementation through appeals or by invoking other legal grounds[1] Group 2: Tariff Implications and Future Actions - Following the CIT ruling, the Trump administration filed an appeal, and the appellate court allowed Trump to continue imposing import tariffs, with responses due by June 5 and June 9[2] - Trump announced a doubling of tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to 50% starting June 4, disrupting ongoing negotiations with trade partners like Canada and the EU[1] - The ability to delay the execution of the CIT ruling may influence the establishment of a normalized tariff mechanism, with the Justice Department seeking a long-term stay on the ruling[2] Group 3: Constitutional and Legislative Concerns - The core debate centers on whether Trump's use of IEEPA to impose tariffs exceeds the constitutional powers granted to the presidency, as only Congress has the authority to levy tariffs[3] - The lawsuit was initiated by Arizona, with multiple states participating, reflecting a broader concern over executive overreach in tariff imposition[3] - The ruling indirectly criticizes Congress for allowing the expansion of presidential powers and calls for clearer legislative boundaries regarding tariff authority[4] Group 4: Alternative Taxation Strategies - The Trump administration may explore other taxation methods to circumvent judicial constraints, including tariffs based on national security under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962[4] - Potential expansion of tariffs to other industries, such as semiconductors and lumber, could be pursued under existing trade laws[4] - The outcome of the appeals process may affect the leverage Trump has in trade negotiations, with partners likely to pause concessions until a definitive judicial ruling is made[4]