这一成果的意义不仅在于速度的飞跃，更在于它展示了量子技术在传感、系统识别乃至机器学习等领域 的潜在应用价值。 一项由丹麦、美国、加拿大和韩国联合团队开展的国际合作研究，首次通过实验证明了量子技术在特定 任务中远超经典方法的能力，完成任务时间从2000万年缩短到15分钟，真正实现了"量子优势"。该成果 发表在新一期的《科学报告》上。 该研究为量子计量和量子传感开辟了新路径，也表明量子优势不再是纸上谈兵，它已经在实验室的光路 中悄然发生。（记者张梦然） 实验采用的是标准的光学元件和通信波段的光。团队制备了两束相互纠缠的压缩光，其中一束用于探测 目标系统，另一束作为参考。通过对这两束光进行联合测量，他们能够一次性提取出更多有效信息，显 著减少了测量模糊性。 结果令人震惊：原本需要约2000万年才能完成的系统表征任务，使用纠缠光仅用15分钟就完成了。这种 效率提升并非源于设备更精密，而是测量方式本身的量子优势。因为团队并没有依赖理想化的无损环 境，而是在一个现实、有损耗的系统中实现了这一突破。 研究的核心问题源于一个普遍存在的挑战：如何高效地了解一个复杂且充满噪声的物理系统。在传统方 法中，科学家需要反复测量系统，通 ...

Core Insights - An international collaborative research team from Denmark, the United States, Canada, and South Korea has experimentally demonstrated the capability of quantum technology to significantly outperform classical methods, achieving a task completion time reduction from 20 million years to just 15 minutes, thereby realizing "quantum advantage" [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research addresses a common challenge in efficiently understanding complex and noisy physical systems, where traditional methods require extensive measurements to infer system behavior, which becomes increasingly difficult for quantum systems due to measurement disturbances and exponential growth in required measurements as system size increases [1]. - The Danish technical university team introduced a unique quantum resource: entangled light, which allows for simultaneous extraction of more effective information through joint measurements, significantly reducing measurement ambiguity [2]. Group 2: Implications and Applications - The results indicate that the efficiency improvement is not due to more precise equipment but rather the inherent quantum advantage of the measurement method itself, achieved in a realistic lossy system rather than an idealized lossless environment [2]. - This breakthrough not only highlights the speed enhancement but also showcases the potential applications of quantum technology in fields such as sensing, system identification, and machine learning, paving new paths for quantum metrology and sensing [2][3]. - The transition of quantum advantage from theoretical discussions to practical demonstrations suggests a promising future for the development of high-sensitivity quantum sensors and innovative solutions in big data analysis and machine learning, significantly reducing energy consumption and time costs [3].

Core Viewpoint - The quantum computing industry is on the brink of a significant breakthrough, with the "quantum supremacy era" expected to arrive in the coming years, promising revolutionary applications across various scientific fields [1][6]. Group 1: Quantum Supremacy - Quantum supremacy refers to the milestone where quantum processors can perform specific tasks that classical supercomputers cannot achieve in a reasonable timeframe, marking a historic moment in computing [1][2]. - The concept was first introduced by physicist John Preskill in 2012, emphasizing the ability of quantum machines to outperform classical machines [1][2]. Group 2: Key Players in Quantum Computing - IonQ, along with other U.S. leaders like Rigetti Computing, D-Wave Quantum, and Quantum Computing, is developing advanced quantum computers and networks, each focusing on different technological approaches [3][6]. - IonQ specializes in ion trap quantum computing, while Rigetti focuses on superconducting chip scalability and quantum hybrid cloud, D-Wave on quantum annealing, and Quantum Computing on room-temperature photonics [3]. Group 3: Industry Investment and Growth - Major tech companies such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and IBM are investing hundreds of millions into quantum computing, indicating a growing interest from Wall Street investors [4][5]. - Nvidia's CEO Jensen Huang expressed optimism about the rapid advancement of quantum computing, predicting a tenfold increase in logical qubits every five years [4][5]. Group 4: Potential Applications - Quantum computing is expected to bring significant breakthroughs in fields like medicine and pharmaceuticals, with IonQ collaborating with Nvidia, Amazon AWS, and AstraZeneca on drug discovery projects [6]. - The technology aims to solve complex problems that classical computers struggle with, paving the way for practical applications in various industries [4][6]. Group 5: Market Outlook - Cantor Fitzgerald recently initiated coverage on leading quantum computing companies, rating IonQ, Rigetti, and D-Wave with "buy" ratings, highlighting the immense economic potential of quantum computing [7]. - The rapid development in quantum technologies, including ion trap and quantum annealing advancements, suggests a paradigm shift towards practical quantum applications [7][8].

Core Insights - Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang believes quantum computing is at an "inflection point," indicating significant advancements are imminent in the coming years [3][9] - Rigetti Computing's stock has experienced volatility, with a 970% increase since June 2024 but a 37% decline in 2025, raising questions about its investment potential [2][5][16] - The quantum computing industry is gaining investor attention, with stocks showing initial gains before reversing direction [3][8] Company Performance - Rigetti Computing's first quarter 2025 results were disappointing, with revenues of $1.5 million falling over 42% short of expectations and earnings per share missing by 84% [14] - The company reported a net profit of $42.6 million, primarily due to non-cash gains, while facing a $21.6 million operating loss [15] - Despite recent struggles, Rigetti has raised $350 million through stock sales, increasing its cash balance to approximately $570 million, which may support its operations in the coming years [16] Industry Trends - Quantum computing utilizes super-cooled metal to perform more calculations per circuit than classical computing, attracting significant investor interest [3][10] - Major tech companies like IBM and Google are making strides in quantum computing, with IBM planning to launch a large-scale quantum computer by 2029 [11] - Experts suggest that breakthroughs in error correction algorithms and hardware improvements will enhance the commercial viability of quantum computing [17][19] Future Outlook - Rigetti's CEO anticipates that the commercial value of quantum computing will materialize in four to five years, as the market is expected to grow significantly [6] - The future of quantum computing may hinge on solving hardware and algorithm challenges to achieve quantum advantage over classical computing [19][20] - Collaboration between universities and tech companies is essential for building ecosystems that will drive advancements in quantum computing [18]