Group 1 - The core event is the successful launch of the Jielong-3 rocket on August 9, 2025, which deployed the Jili constellation 04 group of satellites into the designated orbit [1] - The Jielong-3 rocket is developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, specifically by the First Academy and the China Rocket Company, indicating strong institutional support [3] - This launch marks the first time the Jielong-3 rocket was launched from the coastal waters near Rizhao, showcasing an expansion of launch site flexibility to better meet the demands of the commercial launch market [3] Group 2 - The Jielong-3 rocket features a four-stage solid rocket engine configuration, primarily designed for launching sun-synchronous and low Earth orbit spacecraft [3] - The successful launch reflects the growing capabilities and competitiveness of China's commercial space launch sector [1][3]

Core Viewpoint - The successful launch of the Long March 8A carrier rocket at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan marks a significant milestone in China's commercial space endeavors, showcasing the meticulous planning and innovative approaches of the Chinese aerospace team [1][2][6]. Group 1: Launch Milestones - The Long March 8 carrier rocket has achieved several key milestones since its inception, including its first flight in 2020, a new configuration flight in 2022, and a planned lunar mission in 2024 [2]. - The Long March 8A rocket's launch represents its first collaboration with the Hainan commercial space launch site, introducing new challenges and operational dynamics [2]. Group 2: Operational Excellence - The Chinese aerospace team emphasizes extreme attention to detail, with the operational procedures for the Long March 8A being 5 to 10 times more detailed than traditional models, with each system's procedures spanning 1,000 to 2,000 pages [4]. - The team has implemented a three-tier identification and control system for operational procedures, ensuring thorough review and optimization before and during the launch process [4]. Group 3: Innovative Approaches - The team employs innovative methods to address new challenges, focusing on coordination and communication, which are critical for successful operations at the new launch site [5]. - Enhancements to the servo mechanism and the establishment of a remote testing network have been key to minimizing risks and improving operational efficiency, allowing for real-time data transmission to Beijing [5].

Core Viewpoint - The successful launch of the Long March 6A rocket marks a significant achievement in China's space capabilities, particularly in satellite internet deployment [1] Group 1: Rocket Specifications - The Long March 6A rocket is a new generation medium-sized launch vehicle that utilizes a "liquid core stage + solid boosters" design, with a payload capacity exceeding 4.5 tons [1] - The rocket is equipped with four solid rocket boosters, each with a diameter of 2 meters and a thrust of 120 tons, developed by the Fourth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation [1] - The rocket's solid boosters are noted for their ease of maintenance, strong reliability, and lower overall costs [1] Group 2: Engine Contributions - The Fourth Academy provided the solid engines, while the Sixth Academy supplied two types of liquid main engines for the Long March 6A rocket [1] - The collaboration between these two academies highlights the integrated efforts in China's aerospace industry to ensure successful launch missions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The H2A rocket successfully completed its 50th and final launch, marking the end of its operational life, and successfully deployed the Earth observation satellite "Breath GW" into orbit [1][2] Group 1: H2A Rocket Details - The H2A rocket is a two-stage liquid-fueled rocket, measuring 53 meters in length, with a weight of 289 tons when equipped with two solid boosters [1] - It has a geostationary transfer orbit payload capacity of approximately 4 tons and a low Earth orbit capacity of up to 10 tons [1] - Since its first launch in 2001, the H2A rocket has conducted 50 missions, with only one failure, but each launch costs around 10 billion yen (approximately 69 million USD), which has limited its competitiveness in the international commercial launch market [1] Group 2: "Breath GW" Satellite - The "Breath GW" satellite, developed by Japan's Ministry of the Environment and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, is designed for global greenhouse gas and water cycle observation [2] - It features a high-performance microwave radiometer that adds two observation frequency bands, enhancing the resolution of existing bands, enabling the observation of snowfall and precipitation in high-latitude regions [2] - The satellite is equipped with a greenhouse gas emission mapping spectrometer that can observe carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide with greater range and precision [2] Group 3: Future Developments - The H2A rocket will be succeeded by the H3 rocket, which offers greater payload capacity and lower costs [1]

Core Viewpoint - The successful test of the Zhuque-3 reusable launch vehicle's first-stage propulsion system marks significant progress in its development, indicating readiness for its maiden flight later this year [1] Group 1: Technical Achievements - The Zhuque-3 rocket completed a successful engine test with a total thrust exceeding 750 tons during a 40-second test period, which included thrust adjustment and engine gimbal tests [1] - The rocket features a first-stage reusable capability and is powered by a large liquid oxygen-methane engine, with a takeoff weight of approximately 570 tons and a length of about 66 meters [1] Group 2: Operational Capabilities - The Zhuque-3 has a payload capacity of no less than 18.3 tons, designed to support high-density satellite internet deployment, large communication satellite launches, and various spacecraft missions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The successful ground test of the Zhuque-3 reusable launch vehicle's first-stage propulsion system marks a significant advancement in China's liquid rocket technology, paving the way for its upcoming maiden flight and the engineering realization of reusable launch vehicle technology [1][3][5]. Group 1: Test Details - The ground test conducted on June 20 was the largest and most automated nine-engine parallel ground hot test in China to date, achieving unprecedented complexity and fidelity to actual flight conditions [3]. - The test utilized a first-stage vehicle identical to that of the Zhuque-3 maiden flight, covering the entire ground measurement and launch process, including propellant loading, tank pressurization, engine ignition, steady-state operation, and program shutdown [3][5]. - The test conditions replicated flight conditions, ensuring that the ground testing accurately reflected how the vehicle would perform in the air [3]. Group 2: Technical Achievements - The propulsion system test employed the self-developed Tianque-12A liquid oxygen-methane engine, achieving a total thrust of 7542 kN from the nine engines operating in parallel [5]. - All systems functioned normally during the test, with accurate engine ignition sequencing and stable thrust, indicating a successful test outcome [5]. - This test signifies important breakthroughs in key technologies such as simultaneous multi-engine ignition, multi-stage propellant distribution, and combustion stability for China's liquid rocket propulsion systems [5]. Group 3: Vehicle Specifications - The Zhuque-3 launch vehicle is China's first large liquid oxygen-methane rocket with a stainless steel structure and first-stage reusability capability, with a launch weight of approximately 570 tons and a total length of about 66 meters [6]. - The first stage is configured with nine Tianque-12A engines working in parallel, equipped with an auxiliary power system and deployable grid fins, enabling controlled recovery and landing capabilities [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article reports a significant explosion during a static fire test of SpaceX's Starship 36, with no reported injuries, highlighting ongoing challenges in the development of the next-generation heavy-lift rocket [1]. Group 1: Incident Details - The explosion occurred on June 18 at 23:01:54 CST (June 19, 12:01:54 Beijing time) during a routine static fire test at the Boca Chica facility in Texas [1]. - The incident was described as a "catastrophic failure" by local media, with the rocket transforming into a large orange fireball [1]. - SpaceX confirmed a "major anomaly" during the test and stated that emergency protocols were activated, ensuring no danger to nearby residents [1]. Group 2: Rocket Specifications and Objectives - The Starship rocket is approximately 120 meters long and 9 meters in diameter, consisting of two reusable stages: a 70-meter booster and the Starship spacecraft [1]. - The design goal of the Starship is to transport humans and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars [1]. Group 3: Previous Test Flight - In the previous test flight (the ninth), the first stage booster exploded, while the second stage spacecraft entered space but subsequently lost control [1].

Core Viewpoint - The article reports a significant explosion during a static fire test of SpaceX's Starship SN36, with no reported injuries and the company preparing for its tenth flight test [1]. Group 1: Incident Details - The explosion occurred on the evening of the 18th during a routine static fire test at the Boca Chica facility in Texas [1]. - The explosion was described as a "catastrophic failure" by local media, with the rocket turning into a large orange fireball [1]. - SpaceX confirmed a "major anomaly" during the test but stated that there were no injuries and that emergency protocols were activated [1]. Group 2: Technical Specifications - The Starship rocket is approximately 120 meters long and 9 meters in diameter, consisting of two stages: a 70-meter booster and the Starship spacecraft [1]. - Both stages are designed for reusability, aiming to transport people and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars [1]. Group 3: Previous Test Context - In the previous test, the ninth flight of Starship, the booster exploded, while the spacecraft reached space but subsequently lost control [1].

Core Viewpoint - The 55th Paris International Aerospace Exhibition showcases the strength of China Aerospace Technology Group, highlighting the debut of the Long March 6A and Long March 12 rockets on the international stage [1][2] Group 1: Product Showcase - China Aerospace Technology Group presented various models including Long March 2D, Long March 3B, Long March 6A, Long March 8, and Long March 12 rockets, as well as the Dongfanghong 3E all-electric small communication satellite [1] - The Long March 6A is a new generation of non-toxic and pollution-free carrier rocket, designed to meet the diverse and dense launch demands of future satellites [1] - The Long March 12 is a new medium-sized liquid carrier rocket that enhances the capabilities for sun-synchronous orbit insertion and low-orbit multi-satellite constellation networking [2] Group 2: Historical Context and Achievements - Since entering the international market in the 1990s, China Aerospace Technology Group's subsidiary, Great Wall Industry Corporation, has completed 101 commercial launches, delivering 74 international commercial satellites and 261 domestic commercial satellites [2] - Great Wall Industry Corporation has also provided 52 rideshare launch services, successfully launching 29 international payloads and 127 domestic commercial satellites [2] Group 3: Event Significance - The Paris International Aerospace Exhibition, established in 1909, is one of the largest and most prestigious aerospace exhibitions in the world, held every two years [2]

Group 1 - The successful test of the first-stage propulsion system of the Lijian-2 liquid launch vehicle marks a significant milestone in the development phase, validating key technologies and laying the foundation for the maiden flight of the Light Boat cargo spacecraft [1] - The propulsion system test is the most complex and challenging ground test in the rocket development process, ensuring the reliability and stability of the rocket's flight [1] - The test verified the coordination and compatibility of the rocket's first-stage pressurization delivery system with the engine system, as well as the correctness of interfaces among propulsion, structure, avionics, and launch support systems [1] Group 2 - The test was conducted at the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's liquid propulsion system test center in Guangzhou, which has been fully completed and passed the test assessment [2] - The test center is a leading domestic facility with capabilities for testing 200-ton liquid rocket engines and 400-ton integrated propulsion systems, crucial for the development of key technologies for commercial rocket recovery [2] - The upcoming completion of the technical preparation building and dedicated launch site for the Lijian-2 liquid launch vehicle in Jiuquan, Gansu, will enable an "out-of-factory, immediate launch" model, significantly shortening the preparation cycle for commercial rocket launches [2]