Core Viewpoint - The claim that "the more painful alcohol treatment is, the more effective it is" lacks scientific basis, as pain is a result of alcohol's chemical irritation rather than its disinfecting efficacy [2][3]. Disinfection Mechanism - Alcohol is a traditional disinfectant that effectively kills various microorganisms, but the pain experienced during application is due to its irritative effects on nerve endings and tissue dehydration [2]. - The effectiveness of alcohol disinfection is influenced by factors such as concentration, contact time, type of microorganisms, and cleanliness of the wound [3]. Alcohol Concentration - The optimal concentration for disinfection is between 70% and 80%, with 75% being commonly used; concentrations that are too low or too high can hinder disinfection effectiveness [3]. Cleaning Procedures - Prior to using alcohol for disinfection, it is essential to clean the wound with running water and soap to remove visible dirt, as contaminants can obstruct alcohol's contact with pathogens [3]. Alternative Disinfectants - For superficial wounds with minimal bleeding, iodine-based disinfectants are recommended due to their broad-spectrum efficacy and lower irritation compared to alcohol [4][5]. - In cases of deeper wounds, medical attention is advised to assess the depth, presence of foreign objects, and bleeding [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preparing a practical home disinfection kit to prevent the spread of germs and ensure family health, providing guidance through a series of questions and answers [1]. Group 1: Essential Tools for Disinfection Kit - The disinfection kit should include three basic categories of tools: cleaning tools (disposable disinfectant wipes, medical gauze/cotton balls, tweezers), container tools (small glass bottles with lids, graduated spray bottles), and protective tools (disposable gloves, medical masks) [4]. Group 2: Recommended Disinfectants - Different disinfectants are suitable for various scenarios, including: - Chlorine disinfectants (e.g., 84 disinfectant liquid/tablets) for surfaces like floors and trash bins [5]. - 75% medical alcohol for quick disinfection of hands and small wounds [5]. - Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants for children's toys and furniture [5]. - Iodine disinfectants for skin wounds [5]. Group 3: Special Considerations for Families with Elderly and Children - Families with elderly and children should prioritize safer disinfectants, avoiding strong irritants like undiluted chlorine disinfectants, and opting for quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants instead [6]. Group 4: Wound Care Supplies - The disinfection kit should include wound care supplies such as adhesive bandages, medical tape, and saline solution to protect wounds and prevent secondary infections [8]. Group 5: Regular Maintenance of Disinfection Kit - It is essential to regularly check and organize the disinfection kit, with a recommendation to inspect it monthly and during seasonal changes to ensure the effectiveness of the disinfectants [10]. Group 6: Expiration and Effectiveness of Disinfectants - Disinfectants should be checked for expiration dates, as expired products may lose effectiveness. For example, alcohol and iodine lose their efficacy after expiration, and opened chlorine disinfectants should be replaced after one month [11]. Group 7: Concentration and Mixing of Disinfectants - Higher concentrations of disinfectants are not always better; for instance, 75% alcohol is more effective than 95% for killing germs. Mixing different disinfectants can be dangerous and should be avoided [12][13]. Group 8: Disinfection of Packages - It is recommended to disinfect frequently touched surfaces of packages, such as delivery boxes and takeout containers, using 75% alcohol wipes or diluted chlorine disinfectant sprays [18].

Group 1 - The claim that drinking hard water leads to kidney stones is a misconception; hard water is defined by its high mineral content, particularly calcium and magnesium, and does not directly cause kidney stones in healthy individuals [2][4] - Drinking insufficient water can concentrate urine, increasing the risk of urinary system stones, rather than the hardness of the water itself [4] Group 2 - Frequent hair washing does not cause hair loss; the shedding observed during washing is a natural process, as hair naturally falls out during its resting phase [5][7] - The primary factors influencing hair loss are related to immune response, genetics, hormone levels, stress, nutrition, and certain medications, rather than washing frequency [7] Group 3 - The belief that wounds must be disinfected with alcohol is a misconception; while alcohol is a common disinfectant, iodine-based solutions are often recommended for wound care due to their effectiveness and lower skin irritation [8][10] - Alcohol can damage healthy tissue around wounds, potentially hindering healing and leading to scarring [10] Group 4 - The notion that antihistamines can lead to dependency is incorrect; these medications are safe and effective without causing physical or psychological dependence [11][13] - Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors to alleviate allergy symptoms, and stopping their use does not result in withdrawal symptoms [13]

Group 1: Sweaty Eczema (汗疱疹) - Sweaty eczema typically appears on palms and fingers, characterized by clusters of small blisters resembling water droplets [2] - It is a type of eczema that is highly prevalent in late spring and early summer, with symptoms including intense itching, pain from blister fluid, symmetrical distribution, and a tendency to recur [3][4] - Factors contributing to sweaty eczema include allergic reactions to metals, fungal infections, and lifestyle factors such as stress and poor sleep [4][5][6] - Treatment is generally self-limiting, with symptoms resolving in about two weeks if triggers are avoided [7] Group 2: Heat Rash (痱子) - Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, occurs when sweat cannot evaporate due to high temperatures and humidity, leading to inflammation [23][24] - Adults can also suffer from heat rash, especially those in high-temperature jobs or with certain health conditions [25][26] - The most common types of heat rash include white, red, and pustular types, each with distinct characteristics [27][28] - Proper management involves keeping the skin cool and dry, using mild cleansing products, and potentially applying calamine lotion [30][31][32] Group 3: Athlete's Foot (脚气) - Athlete's foot is a fungal infection characterized by itching, peeling, and blisters, often exacerbated in hot and humid conditions [35] - It is important to differentiate between foot odor and athlete's foot, as not all foot odor indicates a fungal infection [36] - Common misconceptions about treatment include the ineffectiveness of vinegar and iodine foot soaks, which do not adequately address the fungal infection [38][39][40] - Effective treatment requires antifungal medications, and adherence to the full treatment course is crucial to prevent recurrence [44]