Core Technology Components - The technology architecture of RWA tokenization includes five main components: blockchain ledger, smart contracts, oracles, cross-chain technology, and off-chain asset custody and verification [3][4][5][6][10][11]. Blockchain Ledger - Provides decentralized records for asset ownership, transaction history, and token data, utilizing public chains like Ethereum, Solana, Polymesh, and Avalanche, as well as consortium chains like AntChain's "two chains and one bridge" architecture [4]. Smart Contracts - Automates the processes of tokenization, trading, revenue distribution, and compliance management, with standards such as ERC-3643 for compliant tokens and ERC-721/1155 for non-fungible assets [5]. Oracles - Ensures secure transmission of off-chain asset data to on-chain, maintaining consistency between tokens and assets, with projects like Chainlink and Pyth Network providing real-time data services [6]. Cross-Chain Technology - Facilitates interoperability of assets and data across multiple chains, utilizing cross-chain bridges and protocols [8][9]. Off-Chain Asset Custody and Verification - Custody is managed by regulated entities to ensure 1:1 anchoring, with periodic audits recorded on-chain, while verification involves IoT monitoring and AI for valuation accuracy [10][11]. RWA Tokenization Process - The process includes asset assessment and digitization, tokenization through smart contracts, compliance embedding, on-chain recording and trading, and automated revenue distribution [12][13][14][15][16]. Technical Challenges - Key challenges include smart contract security requiring formal verification and auditing, real-time synchronization of off-chain asset changes, scalability issues related to high gas fees on Ethereum, and balancing privacy with compliance [17][20]. Future Trends - The integration of AI and IoT is expected to enhance pricing accuracy, while dedicated blockchains and Layer 2 solutions will improve efficiency and reduce costs [20].

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