（文章来源：证券日报） 证券日报网讯 12月25日，马钢股份在互动平台回答投资者提问时表示，马钢有限特钢业务按照聚焦"特 钢做强"的总体思路，坚持产品经营策略、全流程成本管控及差异化竞争路线，调整产品结构。今年以 来特钢新开发产品139项，通过产品认证23项，通过采取规模提升、产品结构调整、全流程降本等措 施，特钢产品经营成果持续改善，扭转了新特钢投产以来持续亏损的局面。2025年公司特钢产品结构持 续优化，如高端风电齿轮用钢由9.9万吨/年提升至13.6万吨/年；超超临界锅炉管用钢P92系列由1.73万 吨/年提升至2.26万吨/年。同时，马钢有限与宝钢在轴承钢、冷镦钢、弹簧钢等优特钢产品的制造工艺 及质量等方面开展多项协同。马钢有限特钢业务将持续推进"2345"经营战略，努力打造宝武第三大战略 产品，做专做优特钢产品，提升特钢产品的市场竞争力与行业影响力，构建宝武优特长材的核心力量。 ...

这到底是怎么回事？ 中车、金风科创这些高端装备企业，却愿意为国产轴承钢支付溢价，采购量年年增长，更让人意外的 是，日本、德国的轴承巨头也在批量采购中国轴承钢，而且采购价并不低。 欧美垄断下的天价困境 在很多人印象里，国货出口往往靠"低价"打开市场，但国产高端轴承钢却走出了相反的路子。 相同规格的产品，国内售价居然比出口价高出10%-15%，这一反常现象让不少人摸不着头脑。 轴承钢被称为"钢中之王"，不是因为稀有，而是因为制造难度极高。 它要求碳含量严格控制在1%以内，氧含量低于5ppm，内部杂质少到几乎可以忽略，还要承受住挤压、 高温和持续摩擦。 从高铁车轮到风电主轴，从航空发动机到精密机床，都离不开这种"工业关节"。 二十年前，中国钢铁产量早已世界第一，却在轴承钢上栽了大跟头。 那时候国内技术不行，炼不出高纯净度、成分均匀的高端货，98%的市场都被欧美日企业攥着。 他们摸清了中国的短板，漫天要价，同款轴承钢卖给我们的价格，是国际正常价的10倍。 更过分的是，他们还附加了"限制转售""禁止用于军工"等苛刻条件，供货周期动辄长达一年。 高铁建设高峰期，因为进口轴承钢延迟交货，多个项目被迫停工等待，供应链风险让行 ...

转自：中国质量报 此次获评黄石"精品标准"的GB/T 44148.2—2024标准，是大冶特钢转化国际标准ISO 9327-2:1999的重要 成果，也是黄石市市场监管局推动"对标达标质量提升"专项行动的生动案例。该标准紧密结合我国生产 实际，淘汰老旧牌号、新增17个常用牌号，融合行业先进技术成果，技术水平达到国际先进，填补了我 国高温用钢领域国家标准空白，完善了承压设备用钢国家标准体系。 据了解，《办法》在湖北省首创黄石"精品标准"评价体系，不再对所有制修订标准项目普惠资助，仅向 技术先进、影响力突出的高标准项目开放奖励资格，凸显了以高标准引领高质量发展的鲜明导向。2019 年以来，黄石市市场监管局对大冶特钢各类标准化工作的奖励已达110万元，以真金白银的支持助力企 业获得行业"话语权"。 本报讯 （罗 涵）近日，位于湖北省黄石市的大冶特殊钢有限公司（以下简称"大冶特钢"）主导制定的 国家标准GB/T 44148.2—2024《承压设备用钢锻件、轧制或锻制钢棒第2部分：规定高温性能的低合金 及合金（钼、铬和铬钼）钢》获评黄石"精品标准"。这是《黄石市标准化工作资助与奖励办法》（以下 简称《办法》）修订实施后 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese special steel industry is experiencing steady growth in production and significant advancements in technology and sustainability, with a focus on high-value products and international competitiveness [1][3][21]. Production Growth - In 2024, the crude steel production of special steel by key member enterprises of the China Special Steel Enterprises Association (CSESA) is projected to reach 78.69 million tons, a 19.3% increase from 2021 and a 14.5% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan. The forecast for 2025 is 79.74 million tons, representing a 20.9% increase from 2021 and a 16.0% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [1][49]. - The production of bearing steel in 2024 is expected to be 4.97 million tons, a 12.2% increase from 2021 and a 25.2% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan. The 2025 forecast is 4.88 million tons, a 10.2% increase from 2021 and a 22.9% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [3][51]. - Gear steel production is projected to reach 5.02 million tons in 2024, a 39.1% increase from 2021 and a 35.7% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, with a forecast of 5.60 million tons in 2025, a 55.1% increase from 2021 and a 51.4% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [5][53]. - Tool steel production is expected to be 850,000 tons in 2024, a 44.1% increase from 2021 and a 2.4% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, with a forecast of 870,000 tons in 2025, a 47.5% increase from 2021 and a 4.8% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [7][55]. R&D Investment - R&D expenses for 2024 are projected to be 22.6 billion yuan, a 29.9% increase from 2021 and a 61.4% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan. The forecast for 2025 is 21.1 billion yuan, a 21.3% increase from 2021 and a 50.7% increase from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [9][57]. - The R&D investment intensity is expected to be 3.3% in 2024, an increase of 1 percentage point from 2021 and 2.2 percentage points from the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, with the same level expected to be maintained in 2025 [11][59]. Industry Consolidation - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the special steel industry has seen steady progress in mergers and acquisitions, leading to a dual structure of "super-large groups" and "specialized leaders" [13][61]. - Numerous specialized production enterprises have emerged, forming industrial clusters that cover various specialized production lines, creating a comprehensive structure and advanced production processes [15][63]. Breakthroughs in Key Materials - Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in key material fields during the 14th Five-Year Plan, supporting developments in infrastructure, wind power equipment, aerospace, and marine engineering [15][64]. Green and Low-Carbon Development - The special steel industry has made substantial progress in green and low-carbon development through process reforms, energy-saving technologies, and intelligent upgrades, with 70% of member units completing or partially completing ultra-low emission transformations by February 2025 [21][69]. - Various companies have implemented innovative technologies to reduce emissions and energy consumption, such as low-carbon heating furnaces and intelligent combustion technologies [22][70]. Intelligent Manufacturing - The industry has undergone a profound transformation towards intelligent manufacturing, significantly improving production efficiency and product quality [27][75]. - Companies like Xingcheng Special Steel have been recognized as "lighthouse factories" for their advanced use of AI and digital twin technologies [27][75]. Diversified Overseas Development - The industry has shifted from simple product exports to a collaborative approach involving products, technology, brand, and capital, enhancing resilience in a complex global environment [29][77]. - Special steel enterprises are actively planning overseas production bases and local service enhancements to build a more resilient global supply chain [30][78]. International Standards and Brand Influence - The industry has made significant strides in standard-setting, moving from following to leading in international standards, particularly in green and low-carbon areas [31][79]. - Chinese companies have taken the lead in formulating international standards, enhancing their influence in the global market [31][80]. Expansion of New Application Scenarios - The industry has expanded into high-value new application scenarios, closely aligning with national major projects and emerging industries [34][82]. - Innovations in materials for renewable energy, high-end equipment, and aerospace have been developed to meet the demands of modern engineering [34][82].

Core Viewpoint - The company is transforming its steel production process through green and intelligent manufacturing, significantly reducing emissions and enhancing efficiency. Group 1: Green and Intelligent Manufacturing - The company utilizes electric arc furnaces for short-process steelmaking, which eliminates high-emission production stages, achieving over 75% reduction in pollutants like sulfur dioxide and particulate matter [1] - The company has established a "digital factory" with 60 intelligent scenarios, recognized as a benchmark for green transformation and smart manufacturing in the special steel industry [1] - The company has developed a comprehensive digital management system, integrating 109 process models and over 100 technological innovations, producing high-end products like bearing steel and gear steel [3] Group 2: Automation and Labor Efficiency - The company has implemented a robotic system in its rebar finishing workshop, reducing the workforce from over 10 to just 3 operators for the same tasks [2] - The intelligent warehouse system has decreased labor needs by two-thirds for inventory management, streamlining operations and enhancing efficiency [2] Group 3: Data Management and Production Efficiency - The company employs an integrated "smart" system for production management, which enhances the efficiency of high-value products by 31% [4] - The system allows for real-time adjustments in production based on sales orders, improving the overall production flow and quality control [5] Group 4: Environmental Impact and Energy Efficiency - The company has achieved a 75% reduction in pollutant emissions and a 30% decrease in electricity consumption per ton of steel compared to traditional electric furnaces [6] - The company has been recognized as a national "green factory" and a benchmark for carbon neutrality practices, showcasing its commitment to sustainable development [7]

Core Insights - The company has adopted a green and efficient electric furnace short-process steelmaking method, which reduces emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter by over 75% compared to traditional long-process methods [1] - The company has established a "digital factory" with 60 intelligent scenarios, recognized as a benchmark for green transformation and intelligent manufacturing in the special steel industry [1][7] Intelligent Production Transformation - The integration of industrial automation and information technology has led to a highly efficient and intelligent production environment, significantly reducing the workforce needed for operations [2][3] - The company has developed a special steel bar finishing robot system, supported by national key research programs, which has streamlined operations from requiring over 10 workers to just 3 [2][3] Data Management Enhancement - The company has implemented an integrated "smart" system that enhances production management, allowing for dynamic and efficient coordination across various production stages [4] - The use of this system has resulted in a 31% increase in the proportion of high-efficiency products [4] Customer-Centric Approach - The company utilizes big data and deep learning technologies to create accurate user profiles for real-time customer demand analysis and forecasting, improving marketing efficiency and reducing costs [5] Environmental Efficiency - The company has achieved significant reductions in pollution and energy consumption, with a 75% reduction in pollutant emissions and a 30% decrease in electricity consumption per ton of steel compared to traditional electric furnaces [6] - The implementation of smart short-process electric furnace technology has enabled efficient resource utilization and waste water "zero discharge" [6][7] Recognition and Future Outlook - The company has been recognized as a national "green factory" in 2023 and awarded as a benchmark for dual-carbon best practice energy efficiency in 2024 [7] - The focus on high-precision green steel products positions the company as a leader in the green transformation and high-quality development of the special steel industry [7]

Core Insights - The steel industry is undergoing a deep adjustment period driven by policies, capital, and market factors, presenting new opportunities and requirements for listed companies like Shandong Steel [1] - Shandong Steel achieved a total profit of 632 million yuan and a net profit of approximately 140 million yuan in the first three quarters of this year, with the third quarter marking the highest quarterly profit in nearly 11 quarters, fulfilling its goal of turning losses into profits [1][2] Group 1: Cost Control and Operational Strategy - Shandong Steel has implemented a three-tier cost control system, achieving a reduction of over 60 yuan per ton of steel, establishing a solid cost "moat" for the company [2] - The company employs a "grasp both ends and control the middle" operational strategy, enhancing collaboration in procurement and sales, resulting in an increase of 288 yuan/ton at the Jinan Steel City base and 225 yuan/ton at the Rizhao base compared to last year [2] Group 2: Product Development and Market Expansion - The steel industry is trending towards high-end, green, and digital development, with Shandong Steel focusing on high-end products such as bearing steel, pipeline steel, automotive sheets, low-temperature resistant steel, and high-strength wear-resistant steel, increasing the proportion of high-end products by 5.4 percentage points compared to 2024 [2][3] Group 3: Technological Innovation and Digitalization - Shandong Steel has established an AI Intelligence Department to advance its "AI + Steel" strategy, aiming to optimize production processes and improve management efficiency through the application of AI technology [3] - The shift towards smart manufacturing is reshaping the value metrics of the steel industry, with increasing quality demands from downstream industries driving steel companies to enhance technological innovation and supply chain collaboration [3] Group 4: Capital Operations and Policy Environment - Shandong Steel plans to acquire 100% of Laiwu Steel Group Yingshan Type Steel Co., Ltd. for 714 million yuan, which will address competition issues and further enhance the company's performance and product structure [4] - The steel industry is currently experiencing a significant policy opportunity period, with various supportive policies being introduced to promote quality upgrades in the steel industry [4]

Group 1 - China has been the global leader in steel production since 1996, reaching 1.033 billion tons in 2021, accounting for over 50% of global output [1] - The consumption of steel in China also mirrors its production, with a total of 952 million tons, nearly 50% of global consumption [1] Group 2 - The production of high-quality bearing steel is technically challenging, requiring precise control over chemical composition, dimensions, and surface defects [3] - Historically, China lagged in this technology, leading to reliance on low-end raw material exports and high-priced imports of finished products [3][5] Group 3 - The high-end bearing steel market was dominated by foreign companies, particularly from the US, Japan, Germany, and Sweden, with Japanese firms controlling 98% of the Chinese market [6][8] - This monopoly affected critical sectors like aviation and military, highlighting China's weakness in high-end bearing production despite its large steel output [8] Group 4 - Xingtai Special Steel was established in 1993 to focus on high-quality bearing steel production, overcoming initial technological barriers to become a global leader [10] - The company achieved significant milestones, including a 1150-hour fatigue life for bearing steel, surpassing European products, and becoming the first Chinese firm to gain a green procurement channel from SKF [12][13] Group 5 - China's advancements in bearing steel have reduced dependency on imports, with projections indicating a decrease in import reliance to below 30% by 2025 [12] - The domestic bearing industry is expected to exceed 300 billion yuan in scale by 2025, reflecting the impact of increased R&D investments [12] Group 6 - Recent international market dynamics show Japanese companies, previously dominant, are now sourcing Chinese bearing steel due to production shortages [19] - Scandals involving Japanese firms mislabeling Chinese components as domestic products have highlighted the competitive pressures they face from Chinese manufacturing [21] Group 7 - The evolution of China's bearing steel technology has led to a gradual dismantling of foreign monopolies, with domestic firms increasing their market share and improving product quality [23] - The overall landscape of the manufacturing industry is shifting, with China's steel sector poised to become a dominant force in the global market [25]

Core Viewpoint - The domestic special steel market is experiencing a downward trend due to weak downstream demand, leading to price declines across various regions [3][4]. Market Summary - On the 28th, the average price of 45 carbon structural steel (85mm) in major cities is reported at 3618 yuan, down 15 yuan from the previous trading day, while 40Cr alloy structural steel (85mm) averages 3783 yuan, also down 15 yuan [3]. - Key cities show price declines ranging from 20 to 30 yuan, with specific prices reported as follows: Hangzhou 3540 yuan, Changzhou 3480 yuan, Chongqing 3700 yuan, and Tianjin 3360 yuan [3]. - Steel mills are maintaining stable prices, with some adjustments; for instance, Dongfang Special Steel in Changzhou holds the price of 45 carbon structural steel at 3650 yuan, while Hangzhou Steel reduces its price by 20 yuan to 3560 yuan [3]. Industry Performance - The overall trading atmosphere is low, with many downstream processing enterprises adopting a "zero inventory" strategy, showing strong resistance to high-priced resources [4]. - In East China, the price of special steel has significantly declined, with mainstream varieties dropping by 10-20 yuan [4]. - The automotive parts and machinery manufacturing sectors have seen operating rates drop to 60%-65%, with transaction volumes in cities like Wuxi and Hangzhou down over 20% year-on-year [4]. - In North China, prices are broadly declining, particularly for carbon alloy steel, with some specifications of gear steel dropping by 20 yuan [4]. - The market in South China has also weakened significantly, with some specifications seeing price drops exceeding 20 yuan, and the anticipated replenishment before the National Day holiday has not materialized [4].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, along with other departments, has issued a "Steel Industry Growth Stabilization Work Plan (2025-2026)" aimed at promoting the stable operation and structural optimization of the steel industry, targeting an average annual growth of around 4% in value-added output from 2025 to 2026 [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Challenges and Goals - The steel industry is currently facing significant challenges, including excessive supply and insufficient effective demand, leading to a supply-demand imbalance that restricts development quality and efficiency [1]. - The plan aims for an average annual growth of approximately 4% in the steel industry's value-added output from 2025 to 2026, with a focus on stabilizing economic benefits and optimizing industry structure [1][2]. Group 2: Implementation Measures - The plan includes specific measures such as capacity reduction and replacement, production regulation, and graded management of the steel industry to optimize supply and demand balance [2][3]. - It emphasizes the need for continuous structural optimization on the supply side and matching with demand-side changes to achieve growth targets [2]. Group 3: Classification and Management - The plan proposes a graded classification management system for steel enterprises, which will provide policy support to compliant enterprises while imposing restrictions on non-compliant ones, ultimately leading to the exit of inefficient capacities [3]. - This classification is expected to enhance the overall competitiveness and standardization of the steel industry, aligning it with high-quality development requirements [3]. Group 4: Innovation and Investment - The plan outlines initiatives to strengthen technological innovation in the industry, enhance high-end product supply capabilities, and improve the resilience and safety of the supply chain [3]. - It also encourages effective investment in upgrading processes and equipment, digital transformation, and green low-carbon modifications [3]. Group 5: Market Expansion and Cooperation - The plan aims to expand the application of steel structures in construction, transportation, and infrastructure to stimulate consumption potential [3]. - It highlights the importance of strengthening collaboration with upstream and downstream enterprises and research institutions to meet the demand for high-strength steel and other specialized products [4].