有朋友问， 债券基金有哪些分类，各自收益风险特征如何？ 短债、长债，该如何投资？ 什么时候适合买入「固收+」，该如何止盈？ 针对大家的这些疑问，螺丝钉也通过直播课，进行了讲解。 长按识别下面二维码，添加 @课程小助手 微信，回复「 0926 」即可观看直播回放。 （提示：回复后可以耐心等待几秒哦～） 债券基金的收益和波动风险 文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 债券基金，是我们最常见的资产大类之一。 与其他资产相比，有着自身的收益、风险特征。 如下，是 股票基金、债券基金和货币基金这三个资产大类，2012年以来的走势对比图。 可以看到，债券基金的收益和波动风险，介于货币基金和股票基金中间。 相比股票基金，债券基金的收益相对稳定，波动风险也较小。 除了波动风险，投资债券基金，还需要关注踩雷风险。 有的债基，短期里下跌10%以上，甚至百分之三四十，可能就是踩雷了。 规避债券基金踩雷，可以注意以下两个要点: 债券基金的类别 债券基金有很多类别。常见的债券基金有： （1）短期纯债基金。 例如 90天投顾组合 （点击查看介绍） 。 波动非常小，一般回撤在1%以内。长期收益比货币基金略高。 纯债基金的分类 纯债基金， ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of the bond market, the characteristics of various bond funds, and investment strategies for different types of bond funds, particularly focusing on "fixed income plus" products. Group 1: Bond Fund Characteristics - Bond funds are a common asset class with unique return and risk characteristics compared to other assets [5] - The performance of bond funds since 2012 shows that their returns and volatility are between those of money market funds and stock funds [7] - Bond funds generally have more stable returns and lower volatility compared to stock funds [8] Group 2: Risks in Bond Funds - Investors need to be aware of the "踩雷" risk, where some bond funds may drop over 10% or even 30% in a short period [10] - To mitigate this risk, investors should choose high-quality bonds like government bonds and diversify their bond holdings [10] Group 3: Types of Bond Funds - Common types of bond funds include: - Short-term pure bond funds, which have very low volatility and returns slightly higher than money market funds [12] - Long-term pure bond funds, which have higher volatility [14] - "Fixed income plus" funds, which include a mix of bonds and a small portion of stocks or convertible bonds [15][41] Group 4: Investment Strategies - The article outlines the differences between short-term and long-term bond funds, emphasizing that short-term funds are currently more suitable for investment due to lower volatility [26] - The "fixed income plus" strategy is highlighted as a way to enhance returns while managing risk through a mix of fixed income and equity [39] Group 5: Factors Influencing Bond Fund Performance - Bond fund prices are inversely related to interest rates; when rates decline, bond prices typically rise [30] - The 10-year government bond yield was around 1.89% as of September 24, 2025, indicating a low-interest environment [32] Group 6: "Fixed Income Plus" Characteristics - "Fixed income plus" products typically have three main characteristics: - They leverage the negative correlation between stocks and bonds to reduce volatility [46] - Their returns and risks are influenced by the proportion of stocks included [48] - They benefit from declining deposit rates, making them attractive in a low-rate environment [55] Group 7: Sources of Returns in "Fixed Income Plus" - Returns from "fixed income plus" products come from: - Stock performance, including earnings growth and valuation increases [59] - Bond interest income and capital gains from trading [62] - Rebalancing strategies that capitalize on market fluctuations [64] Group 8: Selection Criteria for "Fixed Income Plus" - When selecting "fixed income plus" products, investors should consider: - The ratio of stocks to bonds [67] - The type of bonds held, favoring government bonds for lower risk [69] - The style of stocks, with a preference for value stocks over growth stocks [73] - The presence of a rebalancing strategy to manage risk effectively [75] Group 9: Current Investment Climate - As of late September 2025, the stock market is rated around 4.2 stars, indicating it is not overly expensive, making "fixed income plus" products a viable investment option [77] - The article suggests that with low interest rates, "fixed income plus" products are still in a favorable investment phase [78]

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 马上要到国庆假期啦，A股放假。 今天来介绍下假期情况，以及基 金交易情况。 不同基金交易规则不同。本次国庆假期各个市场放假情况见下图。 有几天港股、美股还是交易的。 有朋友问螺丝钉，放假期间看不到基金的净值涨跌，那我们买的基金，假期里还会有收益么？ 该在什么日期之前买入，可以获得假期收益呢？ 我们分别来看下不同类型的基金，假期里的情况。 货币基金 在2022年国庆假期，10天左右的时间里，净值没有变化，不涨不跌。 通常需要在假期之前投资货币基金，才能享受到假期期间的收益。 以本次国庆假期为例，需要在2025年9月29日，也就是下周一的下午3点之前买入。 如果没注意错过了货币基金，也不用担心，可以看下文。 债券基金 在9月30日，也就是下周二 的下午3点之前，投资一些债券基金，也可以享受到假期收益。 通常债券基金，在假期里是有收益的。只不过假期里，债基不会每天更新净值，会在假期回来后的第一个交易日，统一更新。 长假之后第一天，一般纯债债券基金都是上涨， 将假期的收益补上。 这个特点对 90天投顾组合 里的纯债基金来说，通常也是成立的。 我们以组合里的某一只 纯债债基为例， ...

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of diversification in investment portfolios to mitigate risk, suggesting that different types of stock assets have varying levels of volatility risk, with individual stocks being the most volatile, followed by sectors, broad indices, and fund combinations [2] - It is recommended to invest in a basket of undervalued fund combinations for further risk reduction, and for convenience, investors can follow the "Screw Nut" advisory combinations which offer diversified styles and sectors [2] - The article mentions that there are five advisory combinations available, including index enhancement and active selection, which can help investors manage their investments more easily [5] Group 2 - The article discusses the relationship between stock and bond ratios, indicating that a higher proportion of stocks generally leads to higher long-term annualized returns, but also increases volatility risk [3] - It suggests that for household funds that are not needed for the long term, the allocation to stock funds should not exceed "100 minus age" for individuals in the 4 to 4.9-star rating range, with a recommendation to reduce investment amounts compared to a 5-star rating [4] - For those who find stock fund volatility challenging, it is advised to consider lower stock allocation options such as fixed income plus products, like the 365-day and monthly salary advisory combinations [4]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of asset allocation, particularly for investors with a risk rating of around 4 stars, suggesting that there are still undervalued stock assets available for investment [2][5]. - It recommends a stock-to-bond allocation ratio based on the formula "100 - age," indicating that a 40-year-old should allocate approximately 60% to stocks and 40% to bonds [3][5]. - The article notes that if the market rises, the stock portion can yield good returns, while if the market falls, there is still an opportunity to increase positions when the rating reaches 5 stars [4][5]. Group 2 - After determining the stock-bond ratio, the next step is to select assets, highlighting that there are generally undervalued stocks available for investment, such as actively selected stocks and certain value-style indices within index funds [6]. - It discusses three main types of bond funds: short-term bonds, long-term pure bonds, and fixed income plus, with a note that long-term pure bonds are currently not undervalued, while short-term bonds are expected to have low volatility and overall growth by 2025 [8]. - The article suggests a simple investment option like "monthly salary treasure," which has already diversified stock and bond assets, making it suitable for investors at the 4-star rating stage [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the differences in risk and reward between fund managers and ordinary investors, highlighting that while fund managers may benefit from aggressive strategies, ordinary investors should focus on absolute returns to avoid long-term losses that could impact their purchasing power [3][5]. Group 1 - Ordinary investors take on greater risks without guaranteed rewards, unlike fund managers who can see significant performance boosts and income increases from aggressive strategies [3]. - Fund managers prioritize relative returns, aiming to outperform other funds, while ordinary investors should focus on absolute returns to ensure profitability [4][5]. - The article advocates for investing during undervalued phases to minimize losses, suggesting that even in a rising market, investors should consider fixed-income products to balance their portfolios [6]. Group 2 - The article mentions various investment advisory combinations available, including index enhancement and active selection, designed to simplify investment for individuals [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of long-term pure bond funds, highlighting their underperformance in 2025 due to low interest rates and the shift towards "fixed income plus" products that combine bonds with equities for better returns [10][12][35]. Summary by Sections Types of Bond Funds - Common types of bond funds include short-term pure bond funds, long-term pure bond funds, and "fixed income plus" funds [1][4][6]. - Short-term pure bond funds have minimal volatility, typically with a drawdown of less than 1% [1]. - Long-term pure bond funds, such as 7-10 year government bonds, exhibit greater volatility, potentially comparable to low-volatility stock funds [2][3]. - "Fixed income plus" funds combine bonds with a small portion of equities or convertible bonds, aiming for higher returns [4][5]. Performance Trends - In 2021, long-term pure bond funds had interest yields of over 3%-4%, but entered a declining interest rate cycle thereafter [7][8]. - A bull market for long-term pure bond funds lasted from 2021 to 2024, but by 2025, these funds faced significant declines due to low yields [9][10][12]. - As of late 2024, the yield on 10-year government bonds was around 1.6%-1.7%, making long-term pure bonds less attractive [12]. Factors Influencing Bond Fund Performance - Interest rate fluctuations are a primary factor affecting bond fund performance, with declining rates typically leading to rising bond prices [15][16]. - The long-term trajectory of interest rates is influenced by economic growth rates and inflation [20][21]. - In 2025, the performance of long-term pure bond funds was negatively impacted by rising interest rates and a strong stock market [13][20]. Shift to "Fixed Income Plus" Products - Due to low yields on traditional bond funds, investors are increasingly turning to "fixed income plus" products, which offer a mix of stable bond returns and higher-risk equities [35][36]. - "Fixed income plus" funds typically consist of a defensive bond component and a more aggressive equity component, aiming to enhance overall returns [36][37]. - The performance of "fixed income plus" products has been strong, with indices for these funds reaching new highs in 2025, contrasting with the decline in pure bond fund indices [38][39]. Characteristics of "Fixed Income Plus" Products - These products leverage the negative correlation between stocks and bonds, allowing for reduced volatility and improved long-term returns [39][40]. - The risk profile of "fixed income plus" products is significantly influenced by the proportion of equities they hold [43][44]. - They benefit from declining deposit rates, as traditional savings accounts offer lower returns, prompting investors to seek better alternatives [46][48]. Investment Considerations - Investors should assess the equity proportion in "fixed income plus" products based on their risk tolerance [51]. - The bond component should focus on mid to short-term bonds, which currently offer more stability [51]. - Selecting funds with automatic rebalancing strategies can help mitigate risks associated with market volatility [51][60]. Examples of "Fixed Income Plus" Products - The 365-day and monthly salary investment combinations are highlighted as effective "fixed income plus" options, with varying equity and bond ratios [52][55]. - These products have shown resilience and recovery in performance, with the 365-day combination achieving historical highs since its inception [55][58].