Core Insights - China's innovation index reached 174.2 in 2024, marking a 5.3% increase from 2023, indicating a steady growth trend [3] Innovation Environment - The innovation environment index for 2024 is 186.0, up 4.9% from the previous year, with all five evaluation indicators showing growth [3] - The proportion of science and engineering graduates among the eligible population increased by 10.8%, maintaining double-digit growth for three consecutive years [3] - The number of enterprises benefiting from the R&D expense deduction policy reached 137,000, an 11.1% increase year-on-year [3] Innovation Investment - The innovation input index for 2024 is 162.6, reflecting a 5.1% increase, with all four evaluation indicators showing growth [4] - Basic research funding reached 250.09 billion yuan, a 10.7% increase, continuing a trend of double-digit growth [4] Innovation Output - The innovation output index for 2024 is 215.8, the fastest-growing area with an 8.1% increase, and all four evaluation indicators showing growth [4] - The number of valid invention patents in China reached 4.682 million, a 16.6% increase, while high-value invention patents reached 1.978 million, accounting for 42.2% of valid patents, up 0.7 percentage points from the previous year [4] Innovation Effectiveness - The innovation effectiveness index for 2024 is 132.4, with a 1.9% increase, showing mixed results across five evaluation indicators [4] - Labor productivity in China reached 173,898 yuan per person, a 4.9% increase year-on-year [4] - The value added by the "three new" economy reached 24.3 trillion yuan, growing 6.7%, surpassing the GDP growth rate by 2.5 percentage points [4]

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry is crucial for the national economy, facing significant challenges due to global economic changes and carbon neutrality goals, prompting the release of a growth stabilization plan for 2025-2026 to enhance quality and reasonable growth in the sector [1][3]. Group 1: Supply and Demand Balance - In the first three quarters of this year, China's steel industry reported a total profit of 97.34 billion yuan, marking a recovery from previous losses [2]. - The industry is experiencing a supply-demand imbalance, with excessive supply and insufficient effective demand, particularly as traditional construction material demand declines [2][3]. - The pressure for stable growth remains high due to complex external conditions, despite some recovery in economic benefits from lower raw material prices [2]. Group 2: Effective Supply Enhancement - China is the largest steel producer and consumer globally, yet the industry's overall profit margin is only 0.4%, indicating a need for the orderly exit of inefficient production capacity [4]. - The plan emphasizes precise control of production capacity and output, promoting the exit of outdated capacities while supporting advanced enterprises [4][5]. - Companies are encouraged to focus on high-value-added products and differentiate themselves through innovation and market sensitivity [5]. Group 3: Expanding Demand - The development of high-performance steel products, such as ultra-thin silicon steel, is crucial for meeting the demands of emerging industries like robotics and renewable energy [6][7]. - The plan aims to enhance the supply of high-end products by focusing on key materials needed for advanced equipment and components, fostering collaboration across the industry [7]. - The transition towards high-end, green, and intelligent steel production is emphasized, with a focus on technological innovation and supply-demand alignment to improve industry resilience [7].

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a new energy system is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and ensuring energy security, with a focus on developing non-fossil energy sources and transitioning to a clean, low-carbon energy system [1][5]. Group 1: New Energy System Development - The new energy system aims to establish a modern energy system dominated by non-fossil energy, addressing national energy security and low-carbon transition needs [1][2]. - By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, most of the new electricity demand will be met by newly added clean energy generation [1]. - The release of the "Energy Law of the People's Republic of China" in 2024 provides legal support for the construction of the new energy system and new power system [1]. Group 2: Technological and Industrial Leadership - The new energy system is becoming a core area of global technological revolution and industrial competition, with China transitioning from a follower to a leader in clean energy technology [2]. - Mastery of clean energy technologies and standards will allow China to secure a strategic position in future global industrial divisions [2]. Group 3: Strategies for Accelerating Construction - There is a need to significantly develop non-fossil energy sources, enhancing the clean energy sector through various regional energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power [3]. - The role of fossil energy must be adjusted to ensure cleaner and more flexible utilization, transforming coal power into a stabilizing support for renewable energy [3]. Group 4: Infrastructure and System Integration - The construction of a new power system requires the development of high-capacity transmission lines and smart grid technologies to ensure efficient distribution and utilization of clean energy [4]. - The integration of distributed energy resources will enable households and businesses to participate actively in energy production and consumption, promoting a green lifestyle [4]. Group 5: Broader Implications - Accelerating the construction of the new energy system is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals and responding to aspirations for high-quality development and energy security in China [5]. - Continuous efforts from the government in policy design, innovation from enterprises in technology, and lifestyle changes from individuals are necessary for the successful implementation of the new energy system [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of improving the market-oriented allocation of factors as an inherent requirement for building a high-standard market system and accelerating the improvement of the socialist market economy system [1][4]. Group 1: Achievements in Factor Market Reform - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, significant progress has been made in the reform of factor market allocation, with an increasingly improved institutional framework [2]. - The institutional framework for market-oriented allocation of factors has been established, focusing on five key areas: land, labor, capital, technology, and data [2]. - Specific policy measures have been proposed to enhance the role of data as a factor, including 20 policy initiatives related to data property rights, circulation, revenue distribution, and governance [2][3]. Group 2: Accelerated Progress in Factor Market Allocation - The nationwide unified secondary market for construction land use rights is continuously improving, and the reform of rural collective operating construction land is progressing steadily [3]. - The reform of the household registration system is deepening, allowing more agricultural migrants to settle in urban areas, thereby enhancing the role of the labor market in talent mobility [3]. - The government has approved comprehensive reform pilot programs in ten regions to further demonstrate and accumulate experience in factor market allocation [3]. Group 3: Importance of Efficient Resource Allocation - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving socialist modernization, necessitating a robust factor guarantee system to support economic quality and reasonable growth [4]. - The article highlights the need to enhance the efficiency of factor allocation to adapt to the changing internal and external environments, emphasizing the importance of a market-oriented system [4][5]. - Improving the market-oriented allocation of factors is essential for leveraging China's large-scale market advantages and enhancing economic resilience against external shocks [4]. Group 4: Breaking Down Barriers to Factor Mobility - The article calls for deeper economic system reforms to eliminate barriers to the free flow and efficient allocation of factors, focusing on traditional factors like land, labor, and capital [7]. - It emphasizes the need to innovate land supply methods and optimize urban land use to meet the requirements of modern industrial development [7]. - For new factors like technology and data, it is crucial to improve pricing and trading mechanisms to facilitate efficient conversion and application of technological achievements [7][8]. Group 5: Enhancing Overall Efficiency of Factor Allocation - The article suggests promoting innovative configurations of production factors and optimizing their combinations to reduce costs associated with technological innovation and green transformation [8]. - It advocates for the integration of various factors such as talent, capital, technology, and data to foster new industries and business models [8]. - The use of big data and artificial intelligence is recommended to build evaluation systems and improve assessment standards for the effectiveness of factor market reform pilot programs [8].

Core Viewpoint - China maintains strategic stability in the face of international market fluctuations, ensuring food security and a solid foundation for economic and social development [1] Group 1: Domestic Soybean Supply and Demand - China's soybean consumption exceeds 100 million tons annually, with a low self-sufficiency rate and imports consistently above 80 million tons, primarily from Brazil, the U.S., and Argentina [1] - The country is actively diversifying import channels and enhancing domestic production to mitigate structural risks associated with soybean supply [2][3] Group 2: Strategic Initiatives - China has expanded its soybean import sources to include emerging markets like Russia and Ethiopia, reducing reliance on single suppliers and enhancing market resilience [2] - The establishment of sufficient soybean reserves acts as a stabilizing force in the market, allowing for strategic responses to price fluctuations and supply disruptions [2] Group 3: Domestic Production Enhancement - China's soybean production has exceeded 20 million tons for three consecutive years, with a projected increase in self-sufficiency by 4 percentage points by 2024 compared to 2020 [3] - The increase in domestic production is expected to alter international market expectations regarding China's soybean import demand, potentially leading to downward pressure on international prices [3] Group 4: Feed and Protein Supply Chain - The demand for soybean meal, a key protein source for livestock, is rising due to expanding farming scales, making it a significant factor in soybean imports [4] - China is implementing measures to reduce reliance on imported soybeans by promoting low-protein diets and exploring alternative protein sources, thereby enhancing the resilience of the protein supply chain [4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the integration of technological and industrial innovation, highlighting the urgent demand for AI talent driven by advancements in generative AI technologies like DeepSeek [1] - The report predicts a global increase in AI talent to approximately 5.85 million over the next five years, with China experiencing significant growth in AI researchers, rising from under 10,000 in 2015 to 52,000 by 2024, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 28.7% [2] - AI talent shortages are identified as a major obstacle to high-quality industrial development in China, with a supply-demand ratio for AI-related positions falling below 1.0, particularly in cloud computing and deep learning roles [2] Group 2 - The government is urged to enhance policy coordination and strategic research to address fragmented top-level design, focusing on cultivating AI talent in critical areas such as large models and intelligent chips [3] - A reform in higher education and talent training is necessary, promoting AI education innovation and integrating practical technology with theoretical teaching to develop interdisciplinary talents [3] - Establishing a flexible global talent recruitment mechanism is essential, with an emphasis on creating world-class AI innovation platforms and attracting top international talent through competitive support [4]

Group 1 - The core idea of the article is the introduction of the "Chuan Shan Zhi" digital platform for rural governance, which integrates gamification to enhance efficiency and transparency in managing village affairs [1][2] - The platform significantly reduces governance costs by allowing villagers to quickly locate services and information, optimizing matching and connection processes, thus saving time and resources [1][2] - The gamification aspect lowers participation barriers and increases villagers' sense of belonging and engagement, particularly attracting younger demographics to participate in rural affairs [1][2] Group 2 - The platform improves communication channels between officials and the public, enhancing the intelligence and precision of grassroots governance, making it easier for villagers to report issues and for officials to respond transparently [2] - "Chuan Shan Zhi" addresses key pain points in rural governance by ensuring precise information delivery, facilitating communication, and reducing the burden on grassroots officials [2] - The emergence of such digital platforms aligns with the goals of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which emphasizes the construction of livable and workable beautiful villages [2][3] Group 3 - Innovations in rural governance do not necessarily require large-scale changes; even small adjustments can make policies more relevant and effective [3] - There is an expectation for more platforms like "Chuan Shan Zhi" to emerge, shifting rural governance from passive responses to proactive co-creation [3]

锻造发展新优势的成功实践 "十四五"时期是我国全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，乘势而上开启全面建设社 会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的第一个五年。5年来，全国上下勠力同心、攻 坚克难，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，推动经济社会发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，不断集 聚发展新动能、塑造发展新优势。 以创新驱动重塑比较优势。5年来，我国坚持创新在现代化建设全局中的核心地位，高水平科技自 立自强步伐加快。研发投入强度持续提升，基础研究和原始创新取得新突破，在载人航天、探月探火、 深海深地探测等诸多领域取得重大成果，进入了创新型国家行列。提出培育和发展新质生产力，通过促 进科技创新与产业创新深度融合，推动传统产业加快转型升级、战略性新兴产业蓬勃发展、未来产业有 序布局，产业链供应链韧性和安全水平不断提升。这些都使我国的比较优势从"人口红利"向"人才红 利"特别是"工程师红利"转变，推动"中国制造"向"中国智造""中国创造"迈进。 以协调联动激活后发优势。5年来，我国致力于破解发展不平衡不充分问题，深入实施区域协调发 展战略、区域重大战略。推动西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突 ...

"坚持统筹发展和安全"，是党的二十届四中全会提出"十五五"时期我国经济社会发展必须遵循的六条原 则之一，凸显新形势下将安全发展贯穿国家发展各领域、全过程的重要性、迫切性。实现高质量发展与 高水平安全良性互动，不仅是应对内外部风险挑战的现实需要，更是推动经济行稳致远、服务国家战略 全局的根本保障。 中国经济在历经磨难中成长，在攻坚克难中壮大。基础稳、韧性强、潜能大的优势，让我们有能力更好 统筹发展和安全。前进路上，一以贯之抓好高质量发展这个"首要任务"，办好保障高水平安全这个"头 等大事"，把发展和安全统一起来，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来，保持战 略定力，以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，我们必将续写两大奇迹新篇章，开创中国式现代化 建设新局面。(本文来源：经济日报 作者：经济日报评论员) 发展和安全犹如一体之两翼、驱动之双轮，相辅相成、互为条件，任何时候都不能偏废。一方面，发展 是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键，不发展是最大的不安全；另一方面，安全是发展的前提，没有高水 平安全就没有高质量发展。筑牢治国安邦的根基、增强攻坚克难的底气，发展是硬道理，安全也是硬道 理。 安全风险点，往往 ...

创新成效稳步提升，新动能不断壮大。2024年，我国创新成效指数为132.4，比上年增长1.9%。该领域 的5个评价指标指数三升一平一降。技术进步和资源配置优化，有效带动生产效率提升。2024年我国全 员劳动生产率为173898元/人，比上年提高4.9%。同时，我国"三新"经济增加值为24.3万亿元，比上年增 长6.7%，高于同期国内生产总值(GDP)现价增速2.5个百分点。 国家统计局发布2024年中国创新指数测算结果显示，2024年中国创新指数达174.2，比2023年增长 5.3%，保持稳步增长态势。在4个分领域的18个评价指标指数中，每万名R&D(研究与试验发展)人员高 价值发明专利拥有量指数、理工类毕业生占适龄人口比重指数等2个指标指数保持较快增长，增速连续3 年超过10%。 创新投入继续增加，基础研究投入加大。2024年，我国创新投入指数为162.6，比上年增长5.1%，该领 域4个评价指标指数全部实现增长。同时，我国基础研究经费达2500.9亿元，比上年增长10.7%，延续两 位数以上较快增长势头。 创新产出较快增长，产出成果质量提升。2024年，我国创新产出指数为215.8，比上年增长8.1%， ...