Core Insights - The Army Infantry Academy's military operations research course team won first prize in a national teaching innovation competition, showcasing a teaching approach driven by technology and focused on practical combat scenarios [1][2] Group 1: Course Reform and Teaching Methodology - The course team shifted its focus from teaching complex mathematical model principles to enabling students to apply models to solve real combat problems [1] - Key reforms include simplifying formula derivation processes to allocate more classroom time for case studies and transforming combat deployment and firepower allocation issues into actionable teaching cases [1] - The team has integrated a self-developed wargaming system into frontline training activities, using digital methods to accumulate data and enhance military operation simulation efficiency [1] Group 2: Practical Application and Continuous Improvement - The teaching approach encourages students to optimize combat plans using military operations research methods, reflecting a hands-on learning environment [2] - The team is committed to continuous exploration of practical teaching possibilities to cultivate command talents capable of winning future wars [2] - The focus remains on contributing to military strength rather than personal accolades or financial gain, emphasizing a collective effort towards national defense [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the collaboration between Tianjin University and the local government in Dangchang County, Gansu Province, to address the challenges faced by the wastewater treatment plant, particularly during low-temperature conditions, through targeted technological support and training [1][2][3] Group 1: Wastewater Treatment Challenges - The wastewater treatment plant in Dangchang County faces significant issues with total nitrogen discharge fluctuations during winter, which has been a persistent problem for local water management [1] - The efficiency of the treatment system declines in low temperatures, leading to increased operational costs without effective solutions [1] Group 2: Technological Support and Solutions - A team of experts from Tianjin University provided on-site analysis and practical recommendations for optimizing low-temperature operation parameters and process modifications to improve wastewater treatment performance [1][2] - The experts also offered technical support for upgrading rural water purification equipment and conducted water quality analyses for centralized water sources to address seasonal water quality fluctuations [2] Group 3: Sustainable Development and Training - The initiative aims to establish a long-term technical support mechanism, including a remote consultation platform, to ensure continuous collaboration between experts and local practitioners [3] - The training provided to local water quality monitoring centers and water plant managers is designed to create a robust safety net from water source to end-user, enhancing overall water safety [2][3]

Core Insights - The meeting of central enterprise leaders aimed to enhance core functions and competitiveness, contributing to the modernization of China [1] Group 1: Innovation and R&D - In the first 11 months, central enterprises invested CNY 890.16 billion in R&D, achieving an R&D intensity of 2.62% [1] - By 2025, central enterprises are expected to strengthen independent innovation, with 97 original technology sources yielding 121 significant results [1] - Collaborative innovation has expanded, with 23 innovation consortia involving over 100 entities and more than 1,000 high-quality projects [1][2] Group 2: Emerging Industries and Investment - In the first 11 months, central enterprises completed approximately CNY 2 trillion in investments in emerging industries, accounting for 40.1% of total investments [2] - Revenue from emerging industries increased to 32.7%, a rise of over 10 percentage points compared to 2022 [2] - Cumulatively, R&D funding from central enterprises exceeded CNY 5 trillion over five years, with an annual growth rate of over 20% in emerging industry investments [2] Group 3: Future Focus and Strategic Goals - For 2026, central enterprises will focus on integrating innovation and transformation, emphasizing both traditional and emerging industries [3] - Key areas of focus include renewable energy, new materials, aerospace, and digital transformation initiatives [3] - The goal is to enhance original innovation and tackle key core technologies, improving the efficiency of innovation resource allocation [3][4]

Core Insights - The announcement of the top ten domestic and international technology news for 2025 highlights significant advancements in various fields, particularly in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biomedical engineering [1] Domestic Technology News - The domestically developed AI model DeepSeek has garnered global attention [1] - China's "artificial sun" has set a world record by achieving "one billion degrees for a thousand seconds" [1] - The superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi No. 3" has been successfully constructed [1] - For the first time, large-area two-dimensional metallic materials have been synthesized internationally [1] - The first invasive brain-computer interface clinical trial in China has commenced [1] - The evolutionary history of the moon's far side has been unveiled for the first time [1] - The mystery of transforming a single cell into a complete plant has been revealed [1] - A high-precision, scalable simulation matrix computing chip has been successfully developed [1] - The Fourth Plenary Session's recommendations emphasize the leading role of technological innovation [1] - China's first electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier has been commissioned [1] International Technology News - The "Deep Seek" model is leading the open-source artificial intelligence paradigm [1] - Brain-computer interfaces are decoding brain activity into continuous sentences [1] - Artificial intelligence has designed proteases "from scratch" [1] - Photonic computing chips have surpassed the performance of traditional electronic hardware [1] - The Rubin Observatory has released the first cosmic photography [1] - Intelligent robots have autonomously completed gallbladder removal surgeries [1] - A new algorithm has achieved the first verifiable quantum advantage [1] - Gravitational wave signals have validated Hawking's black hole area theorem [1] - The Earth has reached its first catastrophic climate tipping point [1] - A developmental map of mammalian brain cells across species has been created [1]

Group 1: Artificial Intelligence Developments - The Chinese AI company DeepSeek launched the open-source model DeepSeek-R1, which has gained global attention due to its low training costs and high performance in tasks like mathematical reasoning and code generation [2] - DeepSeek-R1's core competitiveness lies in its systematic innovation in computational efficiency, achieving top-tier reasoning capabilities without the need for massive labeled data [2][3] - The model's open-source approach aims to break technological monopolies, allowing developers worldwide to participate in its ecosystem [2] Group 2: Nuclear Fusion Research - China's "artificial sun," the EAST device, achieved a world record by maintaining a plasma temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 1000 seconds, marking a significant step towards practical nuclear fusion [4] - The high-confinement operation mode is crucial for future fusion reactors, indicating that the experiment has successfully simulated the necessary conditions for sustained fusion [4] Group 3: Quantum Computing Advancements - The "Zu Chongzhi No. 3" superconducting quantum computing prototype was developed, demonstrating a computational speed that surpasses the fastest supercomputers by trillions of times [5][6] - This prototype achieved the highest level of quantum computing superiority, showcasing its potential for various applications in quantum error correction and simulation [6] Group 4: Material Science Innovations - A research team successfully created large-area two-dimensional metallic materials, marking a significant advancement in the field of material science [7] - This breakthrough allows for the production of ultra-thin metals, potentially opening new avenues for research in two-dimensional materials [7] Group 5: Brain-Computer Interface Trials - China initiated its first invasive brain-computer interface clinical trial, positioning itself as the second country globally to enter this phase of technology [8][9] - The trial utilizes flexible neural electrodes that minimize damage to brain tissue, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of the procedure [8] Group 6: Lunar Exploration Findings - The Chang'e 6 mission revealed the evolutionary history of the moon's far side, providing insights into volcanic activity and the moon's magnetic field [11][12] - This research fills a significant gap in lunar studies, highlighting the moon's geological history and the impact of large-scale collisions on its evolution [11][12] Group 7: Agricultural Biotechnology Breakthroughs - A research team unveiled the molecular mechanisms behind how a single plant cell can develop into a complete plant, addressing a long-standing scientific challenge [13] - This discovery could pave the way for advancements in agricultural biotechnology, particularly in overcoming regeneration bottlenecks [13] Group 8: Computing Architecture Innovations - Researchers developed a high-precision, scalable analog matrix computing chip, achieving precision comparable to digital computing systems [14][15] - This innovation addresses the challenges of computational efficiency in AI and 6G communications, marking a significant breakthrough in computing paradigms [15] Group 9: National Strategic Initiatives - The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the role of technological innovation in driving economic development in its 14th Five-Year Plan [16][17] - The plan outlines specific strategies to enhance original innovation and integrate technological advancements with industrial development [16][17] Group 10: Military Advancements - China's first electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier, the Fujian, was commissioned, representing a leap in naval technology with its advanced launch capabilities [18] - This carrier enhances operational capabilities and signifies a transition to a new era in the Chinese navy, showcasing advancements in military technology [18]

2025年，人类在探索未知的征程中留下了坚实的足迹。从"深度求索"用算法点亮AI效率革命，到谷 歌量子计算首次实现可验证的算力超越；从鲁宾天文台以巨眸凝视宇宙起源，到跨物种脑图谱揭开神经 发育的奥秘……科技的力量既指向星辰大海，也照进生命精微深处。 在本报评选的十大国际科技新闻展示的图景中，有深沉的警醒，也有科技的温度：首个气候临界点 的到达警示着气候的脆弱，脑科学与手术机器人的突破则承载着对个体健康的深切关怀。科技的真谛， 从来不仅是追求极致，更是守护共生，是智慧与责任同行。我们相信，科技的内核永远是温暖的，引领 人类走向更坚韧、更包容的未来。 "深度求索"引领开源人工智能模式 在人工智能（AI）浪潮奔涌的2025年伊始，中国"深度求索"（DeepSeek）公司以其开源大模型 DeepSeek-R1的突破性成果，在世界AI发展史上留下了深刻印记。 DeepSeek-R1开创性地采用纯强化学习训练大规模推理模型，在提升模型能力的同时，显著降低了 对标注数据的依赖。该团队今年9月在《自然》杂志发表的论文，系统阐述了这一技术路径的科学价值 与工程实现。其实现了在有限算力条件下达到顶尖性能的目标，展现了中国科研人员 ...

李阔说，团队利用1-萘甲酸分子特有的羧基—羧基氢键作用和21.6°的最优滑移角，有效实现了分子的高 效预堆叠，结合20吉帕高压与573开尔文（K）退火的协同作用，抑制了内部缺陷的产生，确保了聚合 过程中晶体结构的完整性。研究结果显示，合成的金刚石纳米线单晶具有类六方金刚石的结构，尺寸达 140×100×20微米，这是目前报道的最大尺寸金刚石纳米线单晶，为宏观性能测试提供了关键基础。 值得关注的是，该研究建立了一套"分子预设计—高压拓扑聚合—退火缺陷消除"的可控合成新方法。研 究团队通过固体核磁共振等测量，揭示了碳原子的反应选择性，阐明了狄尔斯—阿尔德连续反应主导的 聚合机理，为设计合成具有特定结构的低维碳材料提供了理论指导。 此外，该工作实现了金刚石纳米线单晶在常压下的稳定保留，推动金刚石纳米线单晶向实际应用迈出关 键的第一步。随着合成技术的进一步优化，金刚石纳米线有望广泛应用于通信、量子计算、新能源汽车 等领域的热管理系统构建。 记者12月18日从北京高压科学研究中心获悉，该中心研究员李阔和郑海燕团队联合清华大学等机构的科 研团队，在金刚石纳米线研究方面取得新突破，相关论文日前刊发于国际期刊《Chem》（化 ...

今年9月，青岛海关查获746.78吨以"再生纸浆"名义申报入境的货物。该货物为压缩褐色絮状浆包，有 异味，夹杂塑料片、金属等杂质。经专业机构鉴定，其属于国家禁止进口的固体废物。 2021年1月，我国全面禁止进口固体废物（俗称"禁废令"），其中就包括废纸。我国企业进口废纸等再 生纤维造新纸由来已久。"禁废令"的全面实施，要求从进口"纸"转变为进口"浆"，意在避免把污染物输 送到国内。 但目前，国内部分造纸企业在海外通过干法制浆，把废纸"干磨"成"纸浆"再进口，实则进口的还是废 纸。公开资料显示，2021年以来，全国发生多起海关查验出以"再生纸浆"名义进口固体废物并退运的案 例。 业内人士呼吁，应加强对进口再生纸浆监管，提高进口干法纸浆标准，加强技术创新，从而解决造纸原 料供应紧张、原料利用率不高等问题。 干法制浆工艺惹争议 2024年11月，海关总署公布打击"洋垃圾"典型案件。其中，厦门某进出口有限公司向海关申报一批再生 牛卡纸，申报数量为256.76吨。经查验，部分再生牛卡纸存在脏污、破损、霉变等情况。经鉴定，该批 再生牛卡纸中有65.57吨为固体废物。 业内专家表示，再生纸浆之所以会出现"带病"进口问题，缘 ...

记者12月17日从中国农业大学动物科学技术学院获悉，该院教授方美英团队在国际期刊《自然·遗传》 发表最新成果，发布了全球首个公猪T2T（端粒到端粒）完整基因组（T2T-pig1.0）。该研究为猪基因 组研究提供了关键基础数据，对猪品种改良具有重要指导意义，同时拓展了猪作为生物医学研究模式动 物的应用前景。 "此外，本研究在中国五指山小型猪基因组中发现了133个受到强烈选择的新基因，它们可能与其小体型 性状相关。研究还首次解析了多肽N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶13基因调控体型性状的机制，为小体型猪 培育提供了基因素材。"方美英说。 （文章来源：科技日报） 家猪自约1万年前被驯化以来，已成为全球重要的农用动物和生物医学研究模式动物。然而，受测序技 术限制，猪参考基因组在重复序列富集区域仍存在数百个缺口尚未解析，如着丝粒和Y染色体异染色质 区。此外，由于缺乏高质量、完整的家猪基因组资源，其基因组进化机制及决定其独特性状的关键突变 研究仍缺乏重要基因组资源支撑。 该研究以中国五指山小型猪为模型，首次完成了公猪端粒到端粒无间隙基因组组装，其中包含完整的Y 染色体和着丝粒区域。论文共同通讯作者方美英告诉记者，该研究构建了一个 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of data as a production factor in driving technological innovation and digital transformation in China, highlighting the need for strategic deployment and innovation in data technology to support the construction of a digital China [1][2]. Group 1: Significance of Accelerating Data Technology Innovation - Technological self-reliance is fundamental for national strength and security, with data as a key production factor crucial for seizing opportunities in the digital economy [2]. - Data technology innovation is essential for enhancing international competitiveness and transforming vast data resources into competitive advantages [2][3]. - Data technology innovation serves as a hard support for developing new productive forces and fostering new growth drivers, aligning with high-quality development requirements [3]. Group 2: Technical Demands for Digital China Construction - The "2522" framework proposed by the Central Committee outlines the need for solid digital infrastructure and data resource systems, promoting deep integration of digital technology across various sectors [5]. - The complexity of data necessitates advanced governance and innovative techniques to meet future demands for large-scale data processing and utilization [6]. Group 3: Comprehensive Policies to Promote Data Technology Innovation - The article calls for a top-level design in data technology innovation, emphasizing the need for strategic planning and resource allocation to enhance data technology capabilities [9]. - Accelerating key technology breakthroughs in data supply, circulation, utilization, and security is vital for addressing current challenges in data utilization efficiency and safety [10]. - Promoting the application of data technology results is essential for integrating digital and real economies, enhancing innovation in data-driven industries [11]. Group 4: Strengthening the Foundation for Data Technology Innovation - The establishment of a robust data infrastructure, standard systems, and talent education is crucial for supporting data technology applications and innovations [12]. - The government aims to improve data foundational systems to facilitate effective data resource development and cross-border data flow [11][12].