Core Insights - The total cross-regional population flow during the 2025 National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday is projected to reach 2.433 billion trips, averaging 304 million trips per day, which represents a 6.3% increase compared to the same period in 2024 [1] Transportation Sector Summary - Railway passenger volume is expected to total 153.96 million trips, averaging 19.24 million trips per day, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 2.6% [1] - Road transportation, including both commercial and non-commercial passenger flows, is anticipated to reach 2.24841 billion trips, averaging 28.105 million trips per day, with a year-on-year increase of 6.6% [1] - Commercial road passenger volume is projected at 30.677 million trips, averaging 3.835 million trips per day, showing a growth of 2.9% [1] - Non-commercial passenger flow on highways and regular national and provincial roads is expected to total 1.94164 billion trips, averaging 24.271 million trips per day, with a growth of 7.2% [1] - Waterway passenger volume is estimated at 11.66 million trips, averaging 1.46 million trips per day, which is a 4.1% increase [1] - Civil aviation passenger volume is projected to reach 19.14 million trips, averaging 2.39 million trips per day, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 3.3% [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Taxation Administration have jointly announced adjustments to the technical requirements for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles eligible for vehicle purchase tax exemptions from 2026 to 2027, aiming to enhance the overall quality and performance of new energy vehicles in the market [1]. Summary by Category Adjustments to Technical Requirements - For pure electric vehicles, the new regulations stipulate that the energy consumption for traveling 100 kilometers must not exceed the national standard for similar vehicles. Heavier vehicles (over 3.5 tons) will be held to stricter energy consumption standards based on the 3.5-ton model [3]. - For plug-in hybrid vehicles, including those that can be charged and fueled, the new rules require that: - The effective electric range must be at least 100 kilometers when running solely on electricity. - The fuel and electricity consumption must be lower than the national standards when running on fuel alone. - Similar to pure electric vehicles, heavier models must adhere to the standards set for 3.5-ton vehicles [4]. Implementation Timeline - Starting January 1, 2026, vehicles listed in the "Directory of New Energy Vehicles Eligible for Vehicle Purchase Tax Exemption" must comply with the new requirements. Vehicles already listed before December 31, 2025, that meet the new standards will automatically transition to the 2026 first period directory, while those that do not will be removed [6]. - Vehicles that do not meet the new requirements but wish to be included in the 2026 first period directory must complete their application by December 12, 2025. Removed vehicles can reapply for inclusion [7]. Impact on Consumers and Industry - Consumers may face changes in purchase costs as models that do not meet the new technical requirements will no longer qualify for tax exemptions. This could lead to a temporary reduction in available models, but in the long term, it is expected to encourage the market to offer higher-quality products [9]. - Industry experts believe that the new regulations will drive technological upgrades in battery capacity and hybrid systems, enhancing driving experience and safety. Stricter standards are anticipated to promote the introduction of higher-performance models, meeting consumer demands for longer range and lower energy consumption, thus supporting both industrial and consumer upgrades [9].

2025年10月8日，第八届全球科技创新大会（G-STIC 2025）在比勒陀利亚的南非科学和工业研究委员会（CSIR）国际会议中心及线上平台同步举行。 本届大会以"科技创新助力可持续未来"为主题，聚焦气候、能源、健康、水、农业、安全、教育和循环经济八大领域。大会由比利时法兰德斯技术研究院联 合中国科学院广州能源研究所等全球十家顶尖研究机构共同主办，中国参会代表带来的数字能源转型、创新机制建设等中国方案引起大会参与者的重视和热 议。 本届G-STIC会议首次在非洲举办，深度聚焦非洲大陆实现可持续发展目标的独特潜力与挑战。大会与非洲重要科研机构CSIR双年会同步举办，时值 CSIR成立80周年，两大盛会联动产生显著协同效应，既展示非洲本土科研创新成果，又通过G-STIC全球网络引入国际先进经验，共同探索适合非洲发展需 求的本土化解决方案。南非科技与创新部部长布莱德·恩齐曼迪等多位政府官员出席大会开幕式。 近年来，中非科技创新合作持续深化。自2024年中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，双方在《十四五规划》与非盟《2063年议程》框架下不断加强战略对接。 2025年，中非科技创新合作进一步聚焦人工智能、绿色低碳、数字经济等 ...

Core Insights - During the recent National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, all charging stations in Jiangsu Province utilized green electricity, with State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company purchasing 2,640 kWh of green electricity to support charging facilities across highways, urban public areas, and tourist attractions [1] - The National Energy Administration reported that from October 1 to October 8, there were 5.169 million charging sessions for new energy vehicles on highways, with a total charging volume of 123 million kWh, marking a historical high for the holiday period [1] - The average daily charging volume during the holiday reached 15.359 million kWh, which is 2.59 times higher than regular days, 23.61% higher than the May Day holiday, and 45.73% higher than last year's National Day holiday [1] Industry Developments - By August 2025, the total number of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in China is expected to reach 17.348 million, representing a year-on-year growth of 53.5% [2] - Public charging facilities are projected to number 4.316 million, with a year-on-year increase of 37.8%, and a total rated power of 196 million kW, averaging 45.48 kW per charging point [2] - Private charging facilities are anticipated to reach 13.032 million, with a year-on-year growth of 59.6%, and a total installed capacity of 115 million kVA [2] - The National Energy Administration emphasizes the promotion of green electricity usage for electric vehicles, encouraging the adoption of green cars and green electricity through green certificate trading [2]

Core Insights - The "China Electrification Annual Development Report 2025" indicates that China's electrification rate is projected to reach 28.8% in 2024, surpassing major developed economies in Europe and the US, with an increase of 0.9 percentage points from the previous year [1][2] Regional Electrification Rates - The electrification rates in various regions are as follows: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei at approximately 21.4%, Yangtze River Delta at 34.1%, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area at 41.7%, and Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle at 29.5%. A total of 14 provinces and municipalities have electrification rates exceeding the national average [1] Industrial Electrification Rates - The industrial sector's electrification rate is expected to rise to about 27.7% in 2024, an increase of 0.6 percentage points year-on-year. The four major high-energy-consuming industries have an electrification rate of approximately 18.4%, up by 0.1 percentage points [2] - High-tech and equipment manufacturing industries have an electrification rate of about 64.7%, also increasing by 0.1 percentage points. Consumer goods manufacturing sees an electrification rate of approximately 46.0%, with a rise of 0.8 percentage points [2] Sector-Specific Electrification Rates - The construction sector is experiencing rapid growth in electrification, projected to reach about 55.3% in 2024, an increase of 1.8 percentage points [2] - The wholesale and retail, as well as accommodation and catering sectors, have an electrification rate of 61.8%, up by 1.1 percentage points [2] - The transportation sector's electrification rate is expected to reach approximately 6.5%, increasing by 0.7 percentage points [2] - In rural areas, the electrification rate for agriculture and rural residents' living is projected to be 43.6%, with a rise of 1.9 percentage points [2] Future Projections - The report anticipates that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the national electrification rate will maintain a steady growth trend, averaging an increase of about 1 percentage point per year. By 2030, the electrification rate is expected to reach around 35%, with low-carbon electrification development contributing over 80% to this growth [2]

原标题：让AI学会"安全遗忘"——西安电子科技大学科研团队攻坚智能模型"后门"难题纪实 "两个富翁想比谁更富有，却都不愿暴露自己的家底。"这个被称为"姚氏百万富翁问题"的经典难题，是 安全计算领域的起点。如今，在智能模型无处不在的时代，它所隐喻的数据隐私与安全困境，变得更加 现实和紧迫。 西安电子科技大学马卓教授团队正是为此打造"安全盾牌"的人。他们完成的"开放环境下智能模型数据 安全关键理论与技术"项目，获得2024年度中国电子学会自然科学奖二等奖，其核心突破之一，便是教 会了AI如何精准地"遗忘"。 "逆向思维"打造"双保险" 金融风控、自动驾驶、智能家居……在这些熟悉的应用背后，是运行在开放环境下的智能模型。它们数 据来源复杂、系统边界模糊，如同暴露在复杂环境中的生命体，极易受到攻击。 "攻击者可能伪装成普通数据提供方，在训练数据中植入'后门'。"马卓形象地解释，"它就像一个'卧 底'，平时保持静默，一旦被特定指令'触发'，就会导致模型失灵甚至犯错。" 这项技术的效率提升是颠覆性的。"以前的方法是'搂'一遍所有数据，现在我们通过近似计算精准定 位，执行效率提升了两个数量级以上。"马卓介绍。这意味着，处理 ...

大属植物占全球有花植物物种总数的25%以上，在全球植物多样性中举足轻重。然而，对大属的分 类学研究，尤其是全球尺度的研究远远落后于其他属。蒿属是菊科中种类繁多、分布广泛的一个大属， 全球有500余种，不仅具有重要的生态价值，还在医药、化学等领域广泛应用。然而，由于物种数量庞 大、分布范围横跨多个大洲，且形态特征相似、演化关系复杂，蒿属长期被视为植物分类学中的"黑 洞"。"尽管学界努力了一百多年，全球仍缺乏一个稳健的系统发育框架和完整的分类系统，这严重制约 了对蒿属植物的深入研究和利用。"论文通讯作者、中国科学院植物研究所副研究员高天刚告诉记者。 全球蒿属植物系统发育和分类框架。（中国科学院植物所供图） 源利用奠定了坚实基础，也为研究其他大属的分类提供了重要范例。 据悉，为促进全球共享这一成果，研究团队将推出多语种的第二版蒿属植物系统发育与分类图解 （APT II），供科研人员和行业开发者使用。目前，团队已启动第三版图解（APT III）的研究工作，持 续推进世界蒿属植物的系统性研究。 为攻克这一难题，研究团队开展了大规模的野外调查与样本采集工作。经过多年努力，他们终于建 立起目前物种覆盖最广的蒿属植物系统发育 ...

包括美国麻省理工学院、加州理工学院等机构科学家在内的研究团队，在5.41亿年前的岩石中鉴定 出古代海绵留下的化学化石，这为现代海绵的祖先可能是地球上最早动物之一提供了有力证据。相关成 果发表于最新一期《美国国家科学院院刊》。 研究显示，这些特殊甾烷可由海绵纲特有的基因和酶合成。团队不仅在现代海绵体内检测到C31甾 醇，还在实验室中人工合成了8种C31甾醇，并模拟其在数亿年沉积和受压条件下的转化过程，最终只 有两种产物与古老岩石中的C31甾烷完全匹配。这表明，这些化合物并非地质随机产物，而是古代生物 留下的信号。 麻省理工学院教授罗杰·萨蒙斯表示，岩石的证据、现代海绵的证据以及实验室化学的证据，三条 独立且一致的证据链指向海绵是地球最早的动物之一。 化学化石是一种生物分子的残留物，这些分子最初来自某个曾经存在的生物体，后来被埋藏、转 化，并在沉积物中保存下来，有时能长达数亿年。 此次，研究团队在阿曼、西印度和西伯利亚采集的前寒武纪岩石中，鉴定出新的化学化石，这是一 种特殊类型的甾烷。甾烷是甾醇（如胆固醇）的地质稳定形式，是复杂生物细胞膜的重要成分。团队发 现的化学化石可追溯至海绵纲动物。如今，这类柔软的滤食性生 ...

Core Insights - A research team from MIT has developed a new type of 3D printed aluminum alloy that exhibits five times the strength of traditional cast aluminum alloys and is 50% stronger than alloys designed without machine learning assistance [1] Group 1: Material Development - The new alloy is a composite of aluminum and other elements, with the research team utilizing simulation and machine learning to significantly narrow down candidate materials, evaluating only 40 compositions compared to millions in traditional methods [1] - The microstructure of the new alloy contains more fine precipitates, allowing it to maintain stability even at extreme temperatures of 400°C [1] Group 2: Applications and Benefits - This 3D printed aluminum alloy is expected to be used in manufacturing components such as jet engine fan blades, offering lighter, stronger, and more heat-resistant products compared to current materials like titanium alloys, which are over 50% heavier and cost ten times more than aluminum [1] - The use of lighter and stronger materials for fan blades could significantly reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector [2] - The advantages of 3D printing technology, including complex shapes, material savings, and design freedom, make this alloy suitable for high-end vacuum pumps, automotive cooling systems, and data center cooling equipment [2]

Core Insights - Solar power generation costs have reached a historic low, with prices as low as £0.02 per kilowatt-hour in sunny countries, making it more economical than coal, natural gas, and even wind energy [1] - The research indicates that solar photovoltaic technology is becoming a key driver in the global transition to clean energy, with solar power now the most cost-effective option for large-scale electricity generation even in countries like the UK [1] - The global installed solar capacity is expected to exceed 1.5 terawatts in 2024, doubling since 2020, which is sufficient to meet the electricity needs of millions of households [1] Group 1 - The significant drop in lithium-ion battery prices by 89% since 2010 has made "solar + storage" systems competitively priced compared to natural gas generation [1] - Hybrid systems combining solar panels with batteries are now standard configurations in many regions, allowing for energy storage and controlled release, thus aiding grid stability [1] Group 2 - The integration of increasing solar power into existing grids poses a major challenge, with smart grids, AI forecasting, and regional grid interconnections being crucial for maintaining system stability [2] - The deep integration of storage technology with smart grids is enabling solar energy to achieve reliable, economical, and clean large-scale supply [2] - Innovations in materials, such as perovskite solar cells, have the potential to increase generation efficiency by 50% without requiring additional land [2] - Long-term policy support is essential for sustainable development in the solar sector, as clear policy direction can effectively stimulate investment and innovation [2]