从历史相似路径来看，"桦加沙"与2018年第22号台风"山竹"在规模和移动路径上较为相似。此前，"山 竹"曾带来长时间大风、大范围强降雨，对粤港澳琼多地海陆空交通造成严重影响。 也有专家表示，"桦加沙"威力是否能超山竹，取决于3个因素。 第一，"桦加沙"如何通过巴士海峡。在巴士海峡的两边，我国台湾岛的中央山脉最高接近4000米，菲律 宾吕宋岛高山也达到3000米左右，任何台风通过这里，都会大幅削弱。如2018年"山竹"登陆吕宋岛后， 强度从17级以上迅速下降到15级，再降到14级。即使不登陆，离高山太近也会大幅削弱。如果"桦加 沙"恰好走巴士海峡最中间通过，无损进入南海，那么超过"山竹"的可能性就很大。 据中央气象台消息，9月21日早晨，台风"桦加沙"和"浣熊"的强度都提升至超强台风级。其中，台风"桦 加沙"强度为16级（55米/秒），成为今年以来西北太平洋最强台风。台风"桦加沙"具有哪些特点，将会 影响我国哪些地区，该如何防范？就上述问题，科技日报记者采访了中央气象台首席预报员王皘。 王皘介绍，"桦加沙"具有风圈范围广、强度强等特点，其极端强度的形成由多种条件叠加导致。 "'桦加沙'于9月18日夜间在菲律宾 ...

实验证实，神经组织通过与胃上皮组织的非对称几何关系，形成沿前—后轴递减的WNT信号梯度，成 为调控胃分区发育的信号中心。研究同时发现，上皮源NR2F2基因是胃组织图式形成的关键调控因子， 其缺失会导致胃底—胃窦发育失衡，这为胃疾病发生机制提供了新解释。 这一成果完善了经典发育生物学的信号中心理论，建立了首个可模拟人类胃器官早期发育的体外研究平 台。该模型解决了人类胚胎样本稀缺的伦理限制问题，为胃癌、胃溃疡等疾病的病因研究、药物筛选及 再生医学提供了新型活的"实验室"。 （文章来源：科技日报） 记者21日从昆明理工大学获悉，该校灵长类转化医学研究院白冰博士团队与国内外研究人员合作，破解 了困扰发育生物学界20年的"WNT信号梯度悖论"，并首次在体外构建出包含胃底和胃窦双区域的类胃 囊模型，为揭示人类胃器官发育机制提供了全新研究平台。相关成果发表在国际期刊《自然》上。 胃作为重要消化器官，其胃底和胃窦的功能分区早在胚胎发育第5周就已形成。经典发育生物学理论认 为，器官沿前—后轴的组织图式形成依赖递增的WNT信号梯度，但胃发育却呈现出递减的WNT信号分 布，这一矛盾现象被称为"信号梯度悖论"。研究团队创新提出"隐藏 ...

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is significantly reshaping agricultural production in China, with a notable northward shift in major crop planting areas due to rising temperatures and changing weather patterns [3][4][12]. Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - Global warming has led to a northward migration of planting zones, with specific examples including the northward shift of the optimal planting boundary for Gan Nan navel oranges and cotton in Xinjiang [3]. - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global average temperatures have risen by 1.1°C since pre-industrial times, affecting crop yields by -10% to 25% [2][4]. Crop Yield and Quality Concerns - High temperatures above 38°C significantly inhibit the growth of key crops like rice, corn, and wheat, leading to reduced yields and lower grain quality [4]. - Research indicates that a 1°C increase in global average temperature could result in yield reductions of 6.0% for wheat, 3.2% for rice, 7.4% for corn, and 3.1% for soybeans [4]. Extreme Weather Events - The frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and heavy rainfall, is increasing, severely impacting agricultural production [5][6]. - In Gansu province, a significant reduction in rainfall has led to widespread drought affecting 1.88 million acres of crops [5]. Pest and Disease Management Challenges - Climate change is altering the geographical distribution of pests and diseases, with new threats emerging in previously unaffected areas [6]. - The northward expansion of wheat rust disease and other pests has resulted in significant economic losses, estimated at over 12 billion yuan annually [6]. Agricultural Adaptation Strategies - The Chinese agricultural sector is undergoing a transformation to enhance resilience against climate change through various strategies, including the development of drought-resistant crop varieties and innovative planting techniques [12][14]. - The introduction of the "Zhongmai 36" drought-resistant wheat variety is expected to increase yields significantly while conserving water [7][8]. Policy and Research Initiatives - The 2023 Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the need for a new round of agricultural climate resource surveys and zoning to adapt to changing conditions [12]. - Experts advocate for a comprehensive national strategy to address climate change impacts on agriculture, focusing on enhancing scientific understanding and developing actionable plans [13][14].

为突出规划科学性，《指引》要求，煤炭矿区总体规划应在科学论证的基础上，优先按照自然境界合理 确定矿区范围。矿区井（矿）田划分应坚持集约化规模化开发原则，合理确定井（矿）田范围和开发方 式。例如，对于符合生态环保要求、适宜露天开采的煤炭资源，应优先采用露天开采方式。 "《指引》自印发之日起施行。国家能源局将加强组织协调和宣贯解读，推动《指引》落实落地，持续 强化对煤炭矿区总体规划编制的窗口指导，提高规划的科学性和规范性。"上述有关负责同志表示。 （记者刘园园） 煤炭矿区总体规划是推进煤矿项目建设、确定煤炭开发布局的指导性文件。去年底，国家发展改革委修 订发布《煤炭矿区总体规划管理规定》，并自今年2月1日起施行。该有关负责同志介绍，《指引》对照 《煤炭矿区总体规划管理规定》关于矿区规划编制的条款要求，细化拓展了框架内容和具体情形。 为强化规划指导性，《指引》明确，规划应全面梳理编制背景和依据，衔接国家综合能源规划及煤炭发 展规划、区域能源规划、国土空间规划等，符合国家及行业标准规范，并作出说明。 为进一步提高煤炭矿区总体规划编制质量，增强规划的科学性、指导性和规范性，推动资源集约化规模 化开发，促进煤炭高质量发展 ...

Core Insights - The report titled "China Regional Science and Technology Innovation Evaluation Report 2025" indicates that China's comprehensive science and technology innovation level score is 80.20, an increase of 1.77 from the previous year, reflecting growth in innovation input, output, and high-tech industries, which effectively promote economic and social development [1][3]. Group 1: Regional Innovation Levels - Six provinces and municipalities, including Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Tianjin, lead the nation in comprehensive science and technology innovation levels, with their innovation hubs continuing to enhance collaborative development [3][6]. - The report categorizes 31 regions into three tiers based on their innovation scores: - First tier: Regions scoring above the national average (80.20), including Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Tianjin [6]. - Second tier: Regions scoring below the national average but above 50, including Hubei, Chongqing, Anhui, Shaanxi, and Sichuan [6]. - Third tier: Regions scoring below 50, including Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet [6]. Group 2: Regional Highlights - The Yangtze River Delta is emerging as a leader in China's technological innovation, with Shanghai ranking first nationally and Jiangsu and Zhejiang also showing significant improvements in their rankings [6][7]. - Guangdong ranks fourth nationally in comprehensive science and technology innovation, maintaining the top position in innovation promotion and second in innovation input [6][7]. - The report highlights the continuous improvement of the innovation environment in the Yellow River Basin, with collaborative efforts among nine provinces to enhance technology resource sharing and application [7].

Core Points - Cheng Lijing, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was awarded the UNESCO Alfonsi Prize for his significant contributions to ocean climate change research [1][3] - His research provides critical scientific basis for climate risk assessment and human adaptation and mitigation of climate change [1] Group 1 - Cheng Lijing has developed multiple ocean data processing technologies to address the bottleneck of insufficient oceanic basic data, creating a widely adopted long-term, multi-variable ocean observation grid dataset [1] - This dataset reveals changes in core physical parameters of the ocean, such as temperature, heat content, salinity, and stratification, since 1960, providing solid scientific evidence for understanding global climate change [1] - Cheng has received several honors, including the Nicholas P. Fofonoff Award and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Scientist Award [1] Group 2 - Cheng serves as the coordinating lead author for the Seventh Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and as the chief author of the comprehensive volume of the Fifth National Climate Change Assessment Report [3] - He is also the co-chair of the International Ocean Quality Control Dataset Program and a member of the editorial working group for the National Science Review [3] - The UNESCO Alfonsi Prize, established in 2021, recognizes outstanding young scientists in STEM fields who contribute to capacity building and socio-economic development, awarded biennially to five young researchers [3]

Core Insights - The development of the AI model PDGrapher by a team from Harvard Medical School aims to revolutionize drug discovery by accurately identifying genes and drug targets that can reverse cellular disease states [1][2] - PDGrapher differs from traditional drug development approaches by focusing on multiple disease drivers and predicting the most effective treatment strategies, including single or combination targets [1][2] - The model has been made freely available to the scientific community, enhancing accessibility for research and development [1] Summary by Sections AI Model and Functionality - PDGrapher utilizes a graph neural network to analyze complex relationships between genes, proteins, and signaling pathways, simulating the impact of targeting specific points on overall cellular function [1] - The model was trained using extensive data from diseased cells before and after treatment, enabling it to learn how to reverse disease states [2] Testing and Performance - The model was tested on 19 independent datasets covering 11 types of cancer, successfully predicting treatment strategies for previously unseen cell samples and cancer types [2] - PDGrapher outperformed other AI tools by 35% in accurately ranking correct treatment targets and demonstrated a processing speed 25 times faster than existing methods [2] Implications for Drug Discovery - The AI technology is positioned to transform drug development and disease treatment by quickly analyzing vast biological data to identify key factors causing cellular diseases and matching them with appropriate drug regimens [3] - This approach could significantly enhance treatment efficiency for diseases like cancer by precisely activating beneficial genes and inhibiting harmful ones, moving away from traditional trial-and-error methods [3]

作为第二次青藏科考的重要任务，"极目一号"自8月以来已累计开展30次高空试验，精准获取了大 气成分、污染物分布等关键数据，为研究青藏高原气候演变与全球气候变化提供了重要数据支撑。 形成自主可控技术体系 9月19日，形似"大白鲸"的"极目一号"浮空艇在西藏鲁朗地区成功开展大气观测试验。它搭载了三 大类16型、总重约200千克的科学载荷，在海拔5500米的高空，通过多载荷协同观测，实现从单点采样 到立体监测的技术跨越。 近5年来，该团队已申请浮空艇相关专利60多项。"这些成果不仅推动了浮空艇在升空高度、载荷集 成和数据精度等方面的持续突破，也为我国空天技术的创新发展奠定了坚实基础。"张泰华说。 融入国计民生关键场景 浮空艇技术的持续升级，离不开国家科研项目的支持。 第二次青藏科考为浮空艇提供了宝贵的高原实战场景和持续试验机会。科研团队在海拔超过4000米 的试验场，克服低气压和极大温差的困难，通过"试验—改进—再试验"的闭环模式，不断推动技术升 级，每一轮优化都紧密围绕实际应用需求。 同时，在中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"鸿鹄专项"的长期支持下，浮空艇系统综合能力获得显著 提升。该专项支持建设的高原气象综合预报系 ...

通过深入分析"怀柔一号"极目卫星的观测数据，科研团队在爆发后约24秒处，发现一段中心频率为 909赫兹、频率高度稳定且仅持续160毫秒的准周期振荡信号。该信号的脉动周期约1.1毫秒，与团队预 期的毫秒级磁陀星自转周期高度吻合。这表明，驱动该伽马暴的是一颗自转周期为1.1毫秒的磁陀星。 这是人类首次在伽马暴中观测到周期稳定的毫秒级脉动信号，为揭示致密天体并合产物的性质提供 了关键证据。 未来，研究团队将继续利用"极目""慧眼""天关"和SVOM（天基多波段空间变源监视器）等卫星的 观测数据，在更多伽马暴中寻找准周期振荡信号，并结合理论和数值模拟研究，全面理解磁陀星驱动伽 马暴的物理机制。（记者吴叶凡） 从中国科学院高能物理研究所获悉，由南京大学、中国科学院高能物理研究所和香港大学组成的合 作团队，利用"怀柔一号"极目卫星对一例特殊伽马暴的高精度观测数据，发现了磁陀星驱动伽马暴的直 接证据。该研究成果于9月19日发表于《自然·天文学》。 伽马暴是宇宙中最明亮、最剧烈的爆发现象之一，其在数秒内释放的能量可超过太阳一生所释放的 总能量。学界猜测伽马暴的驱动天体可能是黑洞或磁陀星等极端致密天体。但由于伽马暴距离遥远、持 ...

凤麟核科技发展总裁杨琪介绍，作为"科研—工程—产业"一体化的中子科学技术平台，HINEG-Ⅱ 将向生命科学、材料科学、农业科学、航空航天、工业安全等多学科多领域全面开放。同时，作为中子 技术产业化应用的试验平台，HINEG-Ⅱ在中子治疗、中子检测、辐照加工、新能源、同位素生产等技 术开发与应用中也将发挥重要支撑作用。（记者 雍黎） 中子被称为核系统的"灵魂"，中子科技是核能与核技术发展的核心基础，中子源科学装置是开展先 进核能与核技术交叉研究与应用验证的重要平台。自2023年落户中国西部（重庆）科学城以来，凤麟核 集团重庆基地致力于打造中子科技产业集群，并共建了中子科学（重庆）研究院和中子科技产业园。目 前，中子科学（重庆）研究院建立了院士工作站，牵头成立了重庆市核学会。 20日，中子科技与产业高峰论坛在西部（重庆）科学城举行。会上，"新一代稳态聚变中子源大型 科学装置——HINEG-Ⅱ"发布，该装置的中子源强度可达"每秒产出十三万亿个聚变中子"。同时，中子 物理与技术重庆市重点实验室揭牌。 ...