Core Insights - The article discusses a significant evolutionary transition in mammalian jaw joints, highlighting new findings that reshape the understanding of this evolutionary process [2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Nature reveals new evidence and hypotheses regarding the evolution of jaw joints in mammaliamorphs, based on two fossil specimens with novel secondary jaw joint morphologies [3][5]. - The first specimen, Polistodon chuannanensis, is a large herbivorous triconodont from the Middle Jurassic, exhibiting a unique dentary-squamosal secondary jaw joint, marking a breakthrough in understanding jaw joint morphology in quadrupeds [5][6]. - The second specimen, Camurocondylus lufengensis, from the Late Jurassic, has a simpler dentary condyle structure, supporting the hypothesis that the mammalian dentary condyle originated from the posterior end of the dentary ridge, filling a morphological gap in the transition from early theriodonts to early mammaliaforms [6][7]. Group 2: Evolutionary Implications - The diverse joint structures indicate repeated evolutionary experiments in advanced theriodonts, with secondary jaw joints arising independently multiple times, while the weight-bearing dentary-squamosal joint is a synapomorphic trait of mammaliamorphs [7]. - Factors such as size reduction, mandibular muscle reorganization, feeding ecology, and masticatory behavior are suggested to have influenced this evolutionary transition, emphasizing the role of ecological pressures and developmental flexibility in shaping jaw joint evolution [7]. - A concurrent article in Nature discusses unexpected bone connections in ancient mammalian ancestors, providing insights into how structural innovations in evolution can overcome functional limitations, thus offering a window into vertebrate morphological adaptive evolution [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the promising results of a phase 1 clinical trial combining CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapies for treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (rSLE), highlighting its safety and potential clinical efficacy [2][3][8]. Group 1: Clinical Trial Overview - A phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the co-infusion of CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells in rSLE patients, showing good safety and promising clinical efficacy [3][8]. - The trial involved 15 patients (14 females and 1 male) who had previously undergone lymphocyte-depleting therapy [6]. Group 2: Safety and Efficacy Results - During a median follow-up of 712 days, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed, with 86.7% of patients experiencing grade 1 cytokine release syndrome, and no neurotoxicity or treatment-related deaths reported [7]. - By week 12, 80% of patients achieved low disease activity status (LLDAS) and DORIS remission criteria, indicating significant improvement in immune homeostasis [9]. Group 3: Mechanistic Insights - The study identified that CD19⁺ B cells and CD19⁻ BCMA⁺ long-lived plasma cells were the main sources of autoantibodies in rSLE patients, supporting the rationale for dual-targeting therapy [6]. - Multi-omics analysis confirmed the elimination of autoreactive CD19⁺ BCMA⁺ clones and the restoration of initial IgM/IgD B cells, suggesting a durable downregulation of interferon-stimulated and BAFF-dependent features [9].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the role of hepatic acetyl-CoA metabolism in modulating neuroinflammation and susceptibility to depression through acetate signaling [3][5][7]. Group 1: Research Findings - Chronic stress induces a metabolic shift in the liver from glucose metabolism to acetate metabolism [5]. - The hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA in the liver is a key source of circulating acetate [5]. - The enzyme ACOT12 catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA in the liver, sending signals to the brain to help alleviate stress [5]. - Acetate exerts antidepressant-like effects by enhancing PD-L1 signaling [5]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA in the liver is a critical component of the liver-brain axis that regulates susceptibility to depression [7]. - Overexpression of ACOT12 in the liver increases acetate output, promoting histone acetylation in the ventral hippocampus, which alleviates depressive-like behaviors [4][5].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the integration of AI tools, particularly DeepSeek, in enhancing research methodologies in bioinformatics, specifically in the analysis of multi-omics data and the design of research projects [1][3][29]. Course Structure - The course includes practical sessions on AI-assisted design of research topics, focusing on multi-omics data analysis, including metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics [3][30]. - It covers the use of AI for efficient reading and summarizing of CNS literature, as well as the evaluation of innovative ideas and data analysis feasibility in bioinformatics [3][29]. AI Applications in Bioinformatics - AI is utilized for sample grouping, data filtering from public databases, and visualizing bioinformatics analysis results [4][19]. - The course includes modules on machine learning applications in metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, highlighting various algorithms and their implementations [33][40]. Research Methodologies - The curriculum emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying various statistical and machine learning methods for data analysis, including regression models and clustering techniques [44][40]. - It also includes practical coding sessions to replicate high-level research from CNS articles, enhancing hands-on experience [50][51]. Continuous Support and Learning - The program offers ongoing support and one-on-one guidance even after course completion, ensuring that participants can effectively apply their learning in real-world scenarios [22][24][50]. - The course is designed to be flexible, allowing participants to revisit materials and receive assistance as needed [22][26].

Core Insights - On September 24, 2025, a total of 24 papers were published in the prestigious journal Nature, with 10 of them authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contribution of Chinese researchers to global scientific advancements [2][5][6][8][10][12][14][16][17][18]. Group 1: Research Contributions - Professor Zhang Changhua from Sun Yat-sen University published a paper titled "SPP1 is required for maintaining mesenchymal cell fate in pancreatic cancer," emphasizing the role of SPP1 in pancreatic cancer cell fate maintenance [2]. - Researchers Mao Fangyuan and Meng Jin from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the American Museum of Natural History co-authored a paper on the convergent evolution of jaw joints in mammaliamorphs [5]. - A team from Tsinghua University, led by Zhang Qiang and Zhao Chenzi, published a study on tailoring polymer electrolyte solvation for lithium batteries with a specific energy density of 600 Wh kg⁻¹ [6]. Group 2: Innovative Research Topics - The research on robot-assisted mapping of chemical reaction hyperspaces was conducted by Jiang Ysnqiu from Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology, showcasing advancements in chemical reaction analysis [8]. - A study on proximal cooperative aerial manipulation with vertically stacked drones was published by Zhao Shiyu from Westlake University, indicating progress in drone technology [10]. - Zheng Haimei from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory presented a paper on isothermal solidification for high-entropy alloy synthesis, contributing to materials science [12]. Group 3: Additional Notable Publications - Guo Yu from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research authored a paper on the evolutionary history of barley domestication based on haplotypes [14]. - Research from Tang Shangming at the University of California, Davis, focused on protecting double Holliday junctions during meiosis, which is crucial for genetic stability [16]. - A collaborative effort from MIT researchers, including Kong Jing and Zheng Xudong, explored electrostatic-repulsion-based transfer of van der Waals materials, advancing material transfer techniques [17].

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals a mechanism of liver-breast metabolic communication that drives cancer progression, particularly highlighting the role of exosomes derived from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in promoting breast cancer development [9]. Group 1: Research Findings - Exosomes from fatty liver induce the release of free fatty acids in breast adipocytes, thereby promoting breast cancer progression [3][10]. - The study establishes a correlation between NAFLD and increased breast cancer risk in atypical hyperplasia individuals, as well as poor prognosis in breast cancer patients [4]. - The accumulation of fatty liver-derived exosomes in adipocytes contributes to the formation of a pro-tumor microenvironment in the breast [4]. Group 2: Mechanisms Involved - The targeting of adipocytes by exosomes is mediated by the interaction between ErbB4 and Nrg4 [4][10]. - TRMT10C in the exosomes is transferred to mitochondria, leading to m1A modification of mitochondrial mRNA, which suppresses the translation of ND5 and ND6, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and accelerated tumor progression [4][10]. Group 3: Prognostic Indicators - Plasma ErbB4-positive exosomes are identified as an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients with NAFLD [5].

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 多旋翼飞行机器人 之间实现垂直堆叠近距协作，能够促进复杂空中操作任务的执行。然而，由于飞行机器人之间持续且强烈的"下洗气流"干扰 （ 螺旋桨持续向 下吹出强烈气流，严重干扰下方无人机的稳定性 ） ，垂直堆叠近距飞行通常被视为一种危险状况，应当避免。 2025 年 9 月 24 日， 西湖大学工学院 赵世钰 团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为 ： Proximal cooperative aerial manipulation with vertically stacked drones 的研究论文。 该研究研发了名为 FlyingToolbox （飞行工具箱） 的 空中协同操作系统 ，在国际上 首次完成了多架旋翼无人机的空中工具交换 ，实现了"叠式"飞行状态下的高 精度协同作业，成功解决了近距离飞行与高精度操作不可兼得的关键技术难题。这也是中国在多旋翼无人机领域的研究成果首次登上 Nature 。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队提出了一种名为" 飞行工具箱 " （ FlyingToolbox ） 的空中协同操作系统，该系统能够在垂直堆叠飞行条件下稳定工作，并实现 亚 厘 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the critical role of Osteopontin (SPP1), BMP2, and GREM1 in regulating pancreatic cancer cell fate, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy targeting SPP1 to reverse pancreatic cancer progression [3][25]. Group 1: Pancreatic Cancer Overview - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and lethal type of pancreatic cancer, with a one-year survival rate of approximately 25% and a five-year survival rate of less than 5% [2]. - The disease is characterized by high heterogeneity and a complex tumor microenvironment, making treatment particularly challenging [2]. Group 2: Key Findings on SPP1 - The study reveals that SPP1, BMP2, and GREM1 play a central role in regulating pancreatic cancer cell fate [3]. - Elevated levels of SPP1 were found in late-stage pancreatic cancer patients, with significant implications for prognosis [5][6]. - High SPP1 expression correlates with worse outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients, indicating its potential as a biomarker and a direct participant in tumor progression [7]. Group 3: Mechanistic Insights - SPP1 interacts with the receptor CD61 on mesenchymal tumor cells, activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn regulates BMP2 and GREM1 expression [19]. - The communication between epithelial and mesenchymal tumor cells is described as a "telegram," with SPP1 and GREM1 acting as key signaling molecules [19][21]. Group 4: Experimental Models and Results - The research team developed genetically engineered mouse models to study the role of SPP1 in pancreatic cancer, demonstrating that knocking out SPP1 significantly reduced tumor progression and extended survival [12][14][26]. - The KPCY mouse model, which closely mimics human pancreatic cancer mutations, showed that targeting SPP1 with monoclonal antibodies effectively prolonged survival and inhibited metastasis without significant side effects [26]. Group 5: Multidisciplinary Collaboration - The study integrates clinical medicine, biophysics, and molecular biology, providing a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and laying the groundwork for new therapeutic strategies [29].

Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Fudan University reveals the neural mechanisms behind transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neuropathic pain relief, providing insights for optimizing pain treatment and developing new analgesic drug targets [5][9]. Group 1: Research Background - Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of the global population, significantly diminishing patients' quality of life. Current medications and therapies often have limited efficacy and notable side effects, highlighting the need for better pain relief options, including non-drug therapies [6]. - TENS is a physical therapy that alleviates pain by delivering specific frequency pulse currents through the skin to stimulate nerves [6]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The study found that repeated application of TENS during the early stages of nerve injury in mice activates the dorsal column nucleus (DCN)-thalamus-cortex pathway, resulting in sustained analgesic effects. This pathway is responsible for transmitting vibratory, discriminative touch, and proprioceptive sensations [6]. - Mechanistically, TENS activates low-threshold mechanoreceptors (Aβ-LTMR) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), selectively activating glutamatergic neurons in the DCN. These neurons project to specific glutamatergic neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus, which differ from neurons receiving spinal dorsal horn inputs. VPL neurons form monosynaptic connections with layer 5 neurons in the somatosensory hindlimb cortex (S1HL), mediating the analgesic effects induced by TENS [7].

Core Viewpoint - The rise of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, has led to an increase in low-quality, redundant academic papers, which are infiltrating reputable journals and bypassing plagiarism detection systems [3][6][7]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study from Surrey University revealed that between 2021 and July 2025, 411 redundant papers were published across 112 academic journals, utilizing AI tools like ChatGPT to create "copycat" papers [6][9]. - The research specifically focused on studies using the NHANES dataset, highlighting that some papers were published multiple times, with one study on oxidative balance and chronic kidney disease appearing six times within a year [6][7]. - The study indicated that 37% of the redundant papers were published in journals under Springer Nature, with 51 papers in Scientific Reports, which is now investigating these cases [9]. Group 2: Implications for Academic Publishing - The ability of AI to generate new papers from existing data poses significant challenges for academic journals, as these AI-generated papers can evade traditional plagiarism checks [8][9]. - Since the public release of ChatGPT in 2022, there has been a notable increase in redundant research papers based on NHANES data, prompting some journals to tighten their submission policies regarding such studies [8][9]. - The findings suggest a potential overwhelming of genuine academic literature by AI-generated content, raising concerns about the integrity of scientific publishing [7].