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国投安粮期货股指
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-17 02:10
宏观 股指 市场分析:海外地缘政治风险持续发酵,特别是中东局势的紧张程度上升,进一步加剧了市 场的避险情绪,对全球资本市场形成扰动。外贸方面面临一定压力,出口增速放缓,尽管中 美关税谈判出现阶段性缓和迹象,但对美直接出口仍承压,转口贸易部分缓解了这一影响。 当前国内经济结构仍存在明显分化,消费端虽有政策补贴推动,但整体增长动能尚未完全释 放,而房地产投资疲软继续拖累经济增长预期。当日主力资金流向较为集中,互联网服务、 文化传媒和软件开发三大行业合计净流入超过 50 亿元。 参考观点:鉴于当前宏观环境的不确定性,尤其是海外风险事件频发,建议投资者适合理配 置资产,可考虑通过期权等衍生工具对冲潜在波动风险。 原油 宏观与地缘:伊以冲突引爆原油化工系价格。目前伊以持续交火,俄罗斯称将介入调解,希 望中东事态缓和,美国装备大规模调往中东。伊朗反击下中东局势急剧恶化下,市场担忧原 油断供等黑天鹅事件,原油价格或短期内持续偏强运行。 市场分析:基本面看,原油夏季旺季即将到来,同时美库存连续三周下滑,EIA 首次给出美 国产量下行预测,一定程度上在基本面也支撑油价的上涨。但同时中期看,需要密切关注中 东局势特别是伊朗对以色 ...
玉米期价小幅下跌,期权隐波大幅上升豆粕期价小幅波动,期权隐波急剧上升
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-16 11:14
Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - Corn futures prices declined slightly, with the futures main contract C2507 closing at 2359 yuan/ton. Corn option trading volume was 114,451 lots, open interest was 412,397 lots, and the trading volume PCR was 0.644. The option weighted implied volatility was 11.67%, and the 30 - day historical volatility was 7.70%. The option implied volatility increased significantly [3]. - Soybean meal futures prices fluctuated slightly, with the futures main contract M2509 closing at 3045 yuan/ton. Soybean meal option trading volume was 344,631 lots, open interest was 1,035,482 lots, and the trading volume PCR was 0.966. The option weighted implied volatility was 22.12%, and the 30 - day historical volatility was 10.81%. The option implied volatility increased sharply [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Futures Market Data Statistics - For the corn main contract C2507, the closing price was 2359 yuan/ton, with a decline of 19 yuan and a decline rate of 0.80%. The trading volume was 409,117 lots, an increase of 19,798 lots, and the open interest was 637,414 lots, a decrease of 64,999 lots [5]. - For the soybean meal main contract M2509, the closing price was 3045 yuan/ton, with an increase of 4 yuan and an increase rate of 0.13%. The trading volume was 1,422,022 lots, an increase of 254,197 lots, and the open interest was 2,305,935 lots, a decrease of 12,086 lots [5]. 3.2 Option Market Data Statistics - For corn options, the trading volume was 114,451 lots, an increase of 13,129 lots. The trading volume PCR was 0.644, a decrease of 0.025. The open interest was 412,397 lots, a decrease of 195 lots, and the open interest PCR was 0.818, a decrease of 0.001 [9]. - For soybean meal options, the trading volume was 344,631 lots, an increase of 34,379 lots. The trading volume PCR was 0.966, an increase of 0.032. The open interest was 1,035,482 lots, an increase of 5,011 lots, and the open interest PCR was 0.711, a decrease of 0.012 [9]. 3.3 Option Volatility Situation - For corn options, the option weighted implied volatility was 11.67%, an increase of 1.73 percentage points with a change rate of 17.43%. The 30 - day historical volatility was 7.70%, and the 30 - day volatility quantile was 0.04 [18]. - For soybean meal options, the option weighted implied volatility was 22.12%, an increase of 4.83 percentage points with a change rate of 27.91%. The 30 - day historical volatility was 10.81%, and the 30 - day volatility quantile was 0.00 [18].
安粮观市:宏观、产业、技术面面俱到
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-16 03:05
Group 1: Macro and Index Futures - The stock index futures market has shown certain volatility recently, with the main contracts rising to varying degrees. The trading volume and open interest have increased, indicating rising attention to small and medium - cap index products. However, the basis is generally at a discount, and the market is expected to fluctuate within a range in the short term. It is advisable to hold a light position and make low - level layouts [2]. Group 2: Crude Oil - The escalation of the Middle East situation has led to concerns about oil supply disruptions and driven up oil prices. Fundamentally, the approaching summer peak season and declining US inventories support price increases, but in the medium - term, the reaction of the Middle East situation and the outcome of the US - Iran nuclear agreement negotiation are crucial. OPEC+ plans to increase production in July. WTI should pay attention to the pressure around $78 per barrel, and in the long - term, the upside of oil prices is limited without major geopolitical impacts on supply [3]. Group 3: Gold - The Middle East conflict has broken the consolidation of international gold prices. On June 13, spot gold prices soared by 1.7% intraday, approaching the April high. Investors should pay attention to geopolitical situations, the Fed's FOMC meeting in July, and the US - EU tariff negotiation deadline. Gold prices may face technical corrections [4][5]. Group 4: Silver - Affected by the Middle East situation, silver prices rose but were restricted by industrial attributes. The Shanghai Futures Exchange's silver futures warehouse receipts decreased, and trade policy uncertainties suppressed industrial demand. Sprott's silver trust received a net inflow of $500 million. Silver prices are supported by geopolitical risks but may face technical overbought corrections. Attention should be paid to Iran's retaliatory actions, the Fed's FOMC meeting, and the US - EU tariff negotiation [6]. Group 5: Chemicals PTA - The price of PTA is supported by the rising cost of crude oil due to the Middle East situation, but the upside is limited. In June, PTA device maintenance and restart were concurrent, with an overall operating rate of 83.25%. The polyester and textile industries are in the off - season, and the market lacks positive stimuli. PTA supply and demand are in a tight balance, and it may fluctuate with the cost side in the short term [7]. Ethylene Glycol - The supply of ethylene glycol has increased slightly, with an overall operating load of 55.07%. The inventory in East China's main ports has decreased. The demand side is weak, and it may fluctuate with the cost side in the short term [8]. PVC - The supply of PVC has decreased slightly, and the demand from downstream enterprises has not improved significantly. The social inventory has decreased. The futures price is affected by market sentiment and may oscillate at a low level due to weak fundamentals [9][10]. PP - The supply of PP has increased, with the average capacity utilization rate rising to 78.64%. The demand from downstream industries has decreased slightly, and the inventory has decreased. The futures price may oscillate at a low level due to weak demand [11][12]. Plastic - The supply of plastic has increased, with the production enterprise capacity utilization rate rising to 79.17%. The demand from downstream industries has decreased, and the inventory has decreased. The futures price may oscillate in the short term due to weak fundamentals [13]. Soda Ash - The supply of soda ash has increased, with the overall operating rate rising to 84.9%. The factory inventory has increased, and the social inventory has decreased. The demand is average, and the futures price may continue to oscillate at the bottom in the short term [14]. Glass - The supply of glass has remained relatively stable, with a slight decrease in weekly output. The inventory has decreased slightly, but the pressure during the rainy season cannot be ignored. The demand is weak, and the futures price may oscillate weakly in the short term [15][16]. Rubber - The price of rubber is affected by the repeated trade war situation and the oversupply fundamentals. The domestic and Southeast Asian production areas are in the harvest season, and the supply is abundant. The downstream tire operating rate has decreased. Rubber may show a pattern of slow rise and sharp fall under weak fundamentals [17]. Methanol - The spot price of methanol has decreased, while the futures price has increased. The port inventory has increased, and the supply pressure is high. The demand from the MTO device has recovered, but the traditional downstream demand is in the off - season. The futures price may oscillate strongly, and attention should be paid to the inventory accumulation speed and the impact of the Middle East situation on oil prices [18]. Group 6: Agricultural Products Corn - The USDA's June report has limited positive support. Domestically, the corn market is in the transition period between old and new grains, with a potential shortage of supply. Wheat may replace corn in the feed field, and weather may affect prices. The downstream demand is weak. Corn may oscillate between 2300 - 2400 yuan per ton in the short term [19]. Peanut - In the long - term, the domestic peanut planting area is expected to increase in 2025. Currently, the market is in the inventory consumption period, with low inventory levels. The demand is in the off - season, and the price may be pushed up by restocking demand. The short - term price may weaken, and attention should be paid to the support at 8200 yuan per ton [20]. Cotton - The US cotton planting and budding rates are slightly slower than in previous years. In the long - term, the cotton supply is expected to be abundant, and the price may remain low. Currently, the import is low, and the commercial inventory is lower than usual, providing support. The downstream textile market is in the off - season, and the demand is weak. Cotton may oscillate strongly in the short term [21]. Pig - The government's reserve release has sent a positive signal, but the market supply is sufficient, and the consumer demand is weak. The futures contract 2509 should pay attention to whether it can break through the upper pressure level of 14000, and the pig slaughter situation needs continuous attention [22]. Egg - The supply of eggs is sufficient due to high laying - hen inventory. The demand is weak due to difficult storage in hot and humid weather. The current futures price is undervalued, and it is recommended to wait and see [23]. Soybean No. 2 - The market has digested the positive impact of the China - US trade talks. The USDA's June report is neutral. The US soybean planting is progressing smoothly, and the Brazilian soybean is in the peak export season. It may oscillate in the short term [24][25]. Soybean Meal - The global geopolitical situation is unstable. The market has digested the China - US trade talks. The US soybean planting is good, and the Brazilian soybean is in the export peak. Domestically, the supply pressure of soybean meal is increasing, and the downstream demand is weak. It may oscillate in the short term [26]. Soybean Oil - The international oil price increase has driven up the domestic soybean oil market. The US soybean planting is progressing well, and the Brazilian soybean is in the export peak. Domestically, the oil - mill operating rate is high, and the demand is in the off - season. The inventory pressure is increasing. It may oscillate strongly in the short term [27]. Group 7: Metals Shanghai Copper - The complexity of the 2025 interest - rate cut path, global tariff conflicts, and the Middle East risk may affect market sentiment. Domestically, policy support is strong. The copper market is in a stage of resonance, and it is advisable to hold for now, with the defense line moved to the lower neckline of the island pattern [28]. Shanghai Aluminum - The macro - sentiment is boosted by the China - US economic and trade consultation and the US interest - rate cut expectation. The supply of electrolytic aluminum is stable, and the demand is in the off - season. The price may oscillate within a range [29][30]. Alumina - The supply of alumina is sufficient, and the demand is mainly for rigid needs. The inventory has increased slightly. The price is under pressure, and the futures contract 2509 may show a weak adjustment trend [31]. Cast Aluminum Alloy - The cost of cast aluminum alloy is supported by the tight scrap - aluminum market, but the supply is excessive. The demand from the new - energy vehicle industry may slow down in the second half of the year. The inventory is relatively high, and the futures contract 2511 may operate weakly [32]. Lithium Carbonate - The raw - material prices in the lithium industry chain have stabilized, and the supply is stable with a structural adjustment. The demand is weak. The market may continue to oscillate at the bottom in the short term, and it is recommended that conservative investors wait and see, while aggressive investors can conduct range operations [33]. Industrial Silicon - The supply of industrial silicon has increased slightly, and the demand is weak. The inventory digestion is slow, and the price is under pressure. Aggressive investors can short at high prices [34]. Polysilicon - The supply of polysilicon is stable, and the demand is weak overall. The export volume has decreased. The market supply - demand contradiction is still prominent, and the futures contract 2507 may oscillate, with attention paid to the previous low - point support [35]. Group 8: Black Metals Stainless Steel - The technical trend of stainless steel may shift from a one - sided decline to a low - level oscillation. The cost support is weak, the supply pressure remains, and the demand is weak. It is recommended to wait and see [36]. Rebar - The rebar futures may shift from a resistive decline to an oscillation under a high basis. The cost is stable, the demand is in the off - season, and the inventory is low. It is recommended to take a light - position, low - level, long - biased approach in the short term [37]. Hot - Rolled Coil - The technical trend of hot - rolled coil is stabilizing. The cost is stable, the apparent demand has recovered, and the inventory is low. It is recommended to take a light - position, low - level, long - biased approach in the short term [38]. Iron Ore - The supply of iron ore has increased, and the demand has decreased slightly. The port inventory is still at a relatively high level, and the inventory pressure is emerging. The market sentiment is boosted by the easing of China - US tariffs, but the export sustainability is uncertain. The futures contract 2509 may oscillate in the short term, and attention should be paid to the inventory digestion speed and the steel - mill restart rhythm [39][40]. Coal Mine - The supply of coking coal is expected to contract due to production accidents and new regulations. The demand for coking coal and coke is weak. The futures contracts of coking coal and coke may oscillate recently, and attention should be paid to the steel - mill inventory digestion and policy implementation [41].
安粮期货宏观
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-13 03:41
Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided in the reports. Core Views - In the stock index market, investors can focus on hedging and arbitrage opportunities arising from short - to medium - term fluctuations, and pay close attention to macroeconomic data and policy trends [4]. - For crude oil, the WTI main contract should be watched around the next resistance level of $70 per barrel. In the long - term, without major geopolitical impacts on supply, the upside for crude oil is limited [5]. - Gold price is in a range - bound pattern. Short - term fluctuations depend on the Fed's policy signals and geopolitical situations in the Middle East [7]. - Silver prices are highly volatile. Investors should be cautious of high - level pullbacks and focus on policy signals, geopolitical trends, and the divergence between speculation and fundamentals [8]. - For PTA, it may run with a short - term downward bias [9]. - Ethylene glycol prices may be under pressure and fluctuate in the short term [10]. - PVC futures prices will likely oscillate at low levels due to weak fundamentals [11]. - PP futures prices may oscillate at low levels due to weak demand [13]. - Plastic futures prices may fluctuate in the short term due to weak fundamentals [14]. - Soda ash futures are expected to continue bottom - range oscillations in the short term [16]. - Glass futures are expected to oscillate weakly in the short term [17]. - Rubber prices are mainly weak, but there is an expectation of a rebound after negative factors are realized [18]. - Methanol futures prices will oscillate in a short - term range, and the risk of continuous inventory accumulation should be watched [19]. - Corn futures will mainly oscillate between 2300 - 2400 yuan/ton in the short term [21]. - Peanut futures prices will adjust weakly in the short term [22]. - Cotton futures prices will run strongly in a short - term range [23]. - Live hog futures will oscillate weakly [24]. - It is recommended to wait and see for egg futures for now [25]. - Soybean No. 2 futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [26]. - Soybean meal futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [27]. - Soybean oil futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [28]. - Rapeseed meal futures' 2509 contract performance at the previous high - price platform should be watched [29]. - Rapeseed oil futures' 2509 contract will likely oscillate in a short - term range [30]. - For copper, it is recommended to relieve defenses at high prices based on the island - shaped technical pattern [31]. - Shanghai aluminum futures' 2507 contract will likely oscillate in a range [32]. - Alumina futures' 2509 contract shows a weak adjustment trend [33]. - Cast aluminum alloy futures' 2511 contract will likely run strongly [34]. - For lithium carbonate, conservative investors should wait and see, while aggressive ones can operate within a range [36]. - Industrial silicon futures' 2507 contract will oscillate strongly at the bottom [37]. - Polysilicon futures' 2507 contract will mainly oscillate, and the support at previous lows should be watched [37]. - Stainless steel futures are in a wide - range low - level oscillation, and it is recommended to wait and see [38]. - Rebar futures can be treated with a light - position, low - buying strategy in the short term [40]. - Hot - rolled coil futures can be treated with a light - position, low - buying strategy [41]. - Iron ore futures' 2509 contract will likely maintain an oscillating pattern in the short term [42]. - Coking coal and coke futures will mainly oscillate recently, and attention should be paid to steel mills' inventory destocking and policy implementation [42]. Summaries by Related Catalogs Stock Index - Market analysis: Sino - US economic and trade consultations have reached a principle framework, the US May CPI is lower than expected, and China's May PPI remains low. The market shows a divergence in the inter - term structure of stock index futures [3]. - Reference view: Investors can focus on short - to medium - term hedging and arbitrage opportunities, and pay attention to macroeconomic data and policy trends [4]. Crude Oil - Macro and geopolitics: The Sino - US second - round negotiation "reached a framework agreement in principle", and the oil price broke through the key level of $65 per barrel [5]. - Market analysis: OPEC has significantly lowered future global demand growth, and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have increased supply uncertainty [5]. - Reference view: Watch the next resistance level of $70 per barrel, and the upside is limited in the long - term without major geopolitical impacts [5]. Gold - Macro and geopolitical drivers: The US May CPI data was lower than expected, increasing the expectation of a Fed rate cut. Geopolitical risks in the Middle East boosted the safe - haven demand for gold [7]. - Market performance: Gold price is in a range - bound pattern [7]. - Operation suggestion: Pay attention to the Fed's policy signals and geopolitical situations in the Middle East [7]. Silver - Market price: The international spot silver price fell on June 12, and the gold - silver ratio rose [8]. - Market analysis: Weak inflation and smooth trade negotiations reduced safe - haven demand, and the price increase was mainly driven by futures speculation [8]. - Operation suggestion: Be cautious of high - level pullbacks and focus on policy signals, geopolitical trends, and the divergence between speculation and fundamentals [8]. Chemicals PTA - Spot information: The East China spot price increased, with a discount [9]. - Market analysis: Oil price fluctuations affect costs, the overall PTA operating rate increased, and the inventory decreased. The polyester factory load decreased, and textile orders were weak [9]. - Reference view: It may run with a short - term downward bias [9]. Ethylene Glycol - Spot information: The East China spot price remained unchanged, with a positive basis [10]. - Market analysis: The supply decreased slightly, the demand was suppressed by weak terminal orders, and the inventory increased [10]. - Reference view: Prices may be under pressure and fluctuate in the short term [10]. PVC - Spot information: The spot prices in East China remained unchanged [11]. - Market analysis: The production capacity utilization rate increased, downstream demand was mainly for rigid needs, and the social inventory decreased [11]. - Reference view: Futures prices will likely oscillate at low levels due to weak fundamentals [11]. PP - Spot market: Spot prices in different regions showed slight changes [12]. - Market analysis: The supply increased, demand entered the off - season, and the production enterprise inventory increased [12]. - Reference view: Futures prices may oscillate at low levels due to weak demand [13]. Plastic - Spot market: Spot prices in different regions increased slightly [14]. - Market analysis: The supply capacity utilization rate increased, the downstream average operating rate changed slightly, and the inventory increased [14]. - Reference view: Futures prices may fluctuate in the short term due to weak fundamentals [14]. Soda Ash - Spot information: The mainstream prices in different regions remained unchanged [15]. - Market analysis: The supply increased, the inventory increased slightly, and the demand was average [15]. - Reference view: Futures are expected to continue bottom - range oscillations in the short term [16]. Glass - Spot information: The market prices in different regions remained unchanged [17]. - Market analysis: The supply decreased slightly, the inventory decreased slightly, and the demand was weak [17]. - Reference view: Futures are expected to oscillate weakly in the short term [17]. Rubber - Market price: The prices of different types of rubber and raw materials are provided [18]. - Market analysis: The Sino - US trade situation and oversupply have dragged down the price, and the downstream tire operating rate decreased [18]. - Reference view: Pay attention to the downstream operating rate, and the price shows a pattern of slow rises and sharp falls under weak fundamentals [18]. Methanol - Spot information: The East China spot price decreased [19]. - Market analysis: The futures price rose slightly, the port inventory increased, the supply pressure continued, and the demand was weak [19]. - Reference view: Futures prices will oscillate in a short - term range, and the risk of continuous inventory accumulation should be watched [19]. Agricultural Products Corn - Spot information: Corn purchase prices in different regions are provided [20]. - Market analysis: Favorable weather in the US and concerns about imports, tight domestic supply in the short term, and weak downstream demand [21]. - Reference view: Futures will mainly oscillate between 2300 - 2400 yuan/ton in the short term [21]. Peanut - Spot price: Peanut prices in different regions are provided [22]. - Market analysis: The expected increase in planting area in 2025, current low inventory, and weak supply and demand [22]. - Reference view: Futures prices will adjust weakly in the short term [22]. Cotton - Spot information: The domestic cotton spot price index and Xinjiang arrival price are provided [23]. - Market analysis: Sino - US relations have improved, long - term supply is expected to be loose, and short - term inventory is low with weak downstream demand [23]. - Reference view: Cotton futures prices will run strongly in a short - term range [23]. Live Hog - Spot market: The average price of live hogs in major production and sales areas increased [24]. - Market analysis: Support from the breeding side and weak demand [24]. - Reference view: Futures will oscillate weakly [24]. Egg - Spot market: The average egg price in the main production areas decreased [25]. - Market analysis: Sufficient supply and weak demand [25]. - Reference view: It is recommended to wait and see for now [25]. Soybean No. 2 - Spot information: Import costs of soybeans from different countries are provided [26]. - Market analysis: The market has digested the Sino - US trade talks, good weather in the US, and a peak in Brazilian soybean exports [26]. - Reference view: Futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [26]. Soybean Meal - Spot information: Spot prices in different regions are provided [27]. - Market analysis: Uncertain US tariff policies, international factors, and domestic supply pressure with weak demand [27]. - Reference view: Futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [27]. Soybean Oil - Spot information: Spot prices in different regions are provided [28]. - Market analysis: Increased supply pressure abroad, weak international oil prices, and increased domestic supply with weak demand [28]. - Reference view: Futures will likely oscillate in a short - term range [28]. Rapeseed Meal - Spot market: The price of rapeseed meal in Dongguan increased [29]. - Market analysis: Sufficient supply in the near - term and tight in the far - term, and weak downstream demand [29]. - Reference view: Watch the performance of the 2509 contract at the previous high - price platform [29]. Rapeseed Oil - Spot market: The price of rapeseed oil in Dongguan increased [30]. - Market analysis: Sufficient supply in the near - term and tight in the far - term, neutral demand, and high inventory [30]. - Reference view: The 2509 contract will likely oscillate in a short - term range [30]. Metals Copper - Spot information: The price of Shanghai 1 electrolytic copper increased [31]. - Market analysis: Complex US interest - rate cut expectations, global tariff issues, and domestic policy support. Raw material problems and inventory declines [31]. - Reference view: It is recommended to relieve defenses at high prices based on the island - shaped technical pattern [31]. Shanghai Aluminum - Spot information: The Shanghai spot aluminum price increased [32]. - Market analysis: Stable supply, weakening demand in the off - season, and inventory reduction [32]. - Reference view: The 2507 contract will likely oscillate in a range [32]. Alumina - Spot information: The national average price of alumina decreased [33]. - Market analysis: Sufficient supply, increased inventory, and weak demand [33]. - Reference view: The 2509 contract shows a weak adjustment trend [33]. Cast Aluminum Alloy - Spot information: The national and East China spot prices of cast aluminum alloy increased [34]. - Market analysis: Cost support, supply surplus, and weakening demand in the off - season [34]. - Reference view: The 2511 contract will likely run strongly [34]. Lithium Carbonate - Spot information: The prices of battery - grade and industrial - grade lithium carbonate increased [36]. - Market analysis: Stabilizing upstream raw materials, stable supply, and weak demand [36]. - Reference view: Conservative investors should wait and see, while aggressive ones can operate within a range [36]. Industrial Silicon - Spot information: The prices of different grades of industrial silicon remained unchanged [37]. - Market analysis: Slight increase in supply, weak demand, and slow inventory digestion [37]. - Reference view: The 2507 contract will oscillate strongly at the bottom [37]. Polysilicon - Spot information: The prices of different types of polysilicon remained unchanged [37]. - Market analysis: Stable supply, weak and differentiated demand, and weak overseas demand [37]. - Reference view: The 2507 contract will mainly oscillate, and the support at previous lows should be watched [37]. Black Metals Stainless Steel - Spot information: The price of cold - rolled stainless steel coil remained unchanged [38]. - Market analysis: Weak cost support, high supply pressure, and weak demand [38]. - Reference view: Low - level wide - range oscillation, wait and see [38]. Rebar - Spot information: The Shanghai rebar price decreased [39]. - Market analysis: Stabilizing raw materials, low inventory, and weak demand in the off - season [40]. - Reference view: Treat with a light - position, low - buying strategy in the short term [40]. Hot - Rolled Coil - Spot information: The Shanghai hot - rolled coil price remained unchanged [41]. - Market analysis: Stabilizing raw materials, low inventory, and rising apparent demand [41]. - Reference view: Treat with a light - position, low - buying strategy [41]. Iron Ore - Spot information: The prices of iron ore indexes and futures are provided [41]. - Market analysis: Increased supply, decreased demand, and high inventory pressure [41]. - Reference view: The 2509 contract will likely maintain an oscillating pattern in the short term [42]. Coking Coal and Coke - Spot information: The prices of coking coal and coke remained unchanged [42]. - Market analysis: Supply contraction expectation for coking coal, weakening demand for both coking coal and coke [42]. - Operation suggestion: Mainly oscillate recently, pay attention to steel mills' inventory destocking and policy implementation [42].
玉米期价小幅回落,期权隐波小幅下降豆粕期价持续上涨,期权隐波保持稳定
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-12 10:49
安粮期货期权数据报告 商品期权数据研报 2025 年 6 月 12 日 玉米期价小幅回落,期权隐波小幅下降 豆粕期价持续上涨,期权隐波保持稳定 内容摘要 玉米期价小幅回落,期货主力合约 C2507 报 收于 2372 元/吨。玉米期权成交 81334 手,持仓 量为 406897 手,成交量 PCR 为 0.603,今日玉 米期权成交量最高的合约为 C2507 合约,其占总 成交量比例为 71%左右。期权加权隐含波动率为 10.22%,30 日历史波动率为 7.93%,期权隐波小 幅下降。 客服热线: 400—626—9988 网站地址:www.alqh.com 1 / 5 豆粕期价持续上涨,期货主力合约 M2509 报 收于 3049 元/吨。豆粕期权成交 444073 手,持 仓量为 1011884 手,成交量 PCR 为 0.900,目前 成交量集中在虚值期权。期权加权隐含波动率 为 17.12%,30 日历史波动率为 11.94%,期权隐 波保持稳定。 安粮期货研究所 期权组 TEL:0551-62879960 张莎 期货从业资格号: F03088817 投资咨询证号: Z0019577 总部地址:合 ...
国投安粮期货股指日报-20250612
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-12 03:50
参考观点:需关注中美谈判进展及美联储政策落地节奏,防范外部扰动引发的波动,短期可 沿 5 日均线持有,中证 500、1000 指数技术面偏强,但需警惕量能持续性不足风险,结合期 权 VIX 波动率监测,若 PCR 指标回升至 1.2 附近,可考虑对冲保护。 原油 宏观与地缘:中美第二轮判"原则上达成框架协议",市场对经贸缓和有一定预期,原油价 格或偏强震荡,关注 WTI 主力 65 美元/桶关键位置。 市场分析:基本面看,OPEC 大幅调降未来两年全球需求增速,美国贸易战升级,特朗普政 府政策多变,引发市场对全球需求担忧。库存方面,美原油库存虽然下滑,但汽柴油、以及 燃料油库存持续增加。汽柴油裂解利润下滑,进一步拖拽原油需求。但同时俄乌地缘再度激 化,美伊谈判也再现波折,中东局势不稳,OPEC+增产会议达成共识的可能性存疑,供给不 确定性大幅提高。供给端方面,OPEC+7 月同意增产 41.1 万桶/日,关注后续进一步 OPEC 会 议情况。 参考观点:WTI 主力短期关注 65 美元/桶附近能否持续突破。中长期看,若无重大地缘影响 供给,则原油上方高度有限。 黄金 宏观 股指 市场分析:全球市场呈现分化格局 ...
安粮期货股指
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-11 02:02
宏观 股指 市场分析:当日沪深两市成交额 1.45 万亿元,较前日放量 10.57%。银行、创新药等防御性 板块领涨,而半导体、航天航空等高波动板块承压。上证 50 主力合约 IH2506 持仓量环比下 降 2.82%,短期多空分歧加剧。中证 1000 收盘价接近压力位 6226 左右,若突破需成交量配 合;沪深 300 收盘价接近支撑位 3514 左右,短期反弹动能不足。 参考观点:中证 1000 波动率较高,建议关注 6227 附近压力位突破情况;上证 50 建议结合 持仓量变化判断趋势持续性;沪深 300 波动率处于低位,但成交额占比稳定,可作为中长期 配置参考;中证 1000 与沪深 300 的波动率比值(1.56)接近 2024 年均值(1.62),可关注 均值回归机会。 原油 宏观与地缘:上周五美国非农数据超预期,削弱美联储降息紧迫性,同时中美第二轮谈判, 市场对经贸缓和有一定预期,原油价格或偏强震荡,关注 WTI 主力 65 美元/桶关键位置。 市场分析:基本面看,OPEC 大幅调降未来两年全球需求增速,美国贸易战升级,特朗普政 府政策多变,引发市场对全球需求担忧。库存方面,美原油库存虽然下滑, ...
安粮期货菜系日报-20250610
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-10 06:49
Group 1: Rapeseed Oil - Spot price: The price of imported third - grade rapeseed oil in Dongguan Zhongliang, Dongguan is 9300 yuan/ton (converted as OI09 + 120), up 40 yuan/ton from the previous trading day [2] - Market analysis: Domestic rapeseed is about to be listed. Near - term imported rapeseed supply is abundant, while long - term supply is tight. Downstream demand is neutral, and short - to - medium - term inventory may remain high [2] - Reference view: The Rapeseed Oil 2509 contract may fluctuate within a range in the short term [2] Group 2: Soybean Meal - Spot price: The spot prices of soybean meal in Zhangjiagang, Tianjin, Rizhao, and Dongguan are 2840 yuan/ton, 2920 yuan/ton, 2850 yuan/ton, and 2840 yuan/ton respectively [3] - Market analysis: The US tariff policy is changeable. Sino - US leaders' phone call boosts market confidence. US soybean planting is going smoothly, and Brazil is in the peak export period. Domestic soybean supply is recovering, and the supply pressure of soybean meal is emerging. Downstream demand is weak, and inventory accumulation is slow [3] - Reference view: Currently dominated by sentiment, soybean meal may fluctuate strongly in the short term [3] Group 3: Corn - Spot price: The mainstream purchase prices of new corn in key deep - processing enterprises in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, North China and Huanghuai are 2206 yuan/ton and 2413 yuan/ton respectively. The purchase prices in Jinzhou Port and Bayuquan Port are 2270 - 2300 yuan/ton [4] - Market analysis: The weather in the US corn - producing areas is good. The domestic corn market is in the transition period, with tight supply. Wheat may replace corn in the feed field. Downstream demand is weak [4] - Reference view: Corn futures prices will mainly fluctuate within a range in the short term. Pay attention to the new wheat listing and weather changes [4] Group 4: Copper - Spot price: The price of Shanghai 1 electrolytic copper is 78740 - 79010, with a rise of 0, and a premium of 20 - 150. The imported copper ore index is - 43.29, up 0.72 [5] - Market analysis: US non - farm data eases recession concerns and reduces the expectation of interest rate cuts. Global tariff confrontation continues. Domestic policies boost market sentiment. Raw material problems persist, and domestic copper inventory is falling [5] - Reference view: Copper prices may test the bubble node again. Wait for weak signals [5] Group 5: Lithium Carbonate - Spot price: The market prices of battery - grade lithium carbonate (99.5%) and industrial - grade lithium carbonate (99.2%) are 60800 yuan/ton and 59150 yuan/ton respectively, with a price difference of 1650 yuan/ton, remaining unchanged from the previous trading day [6] - Market analysis: The raw material end shows signs of stabilization. Supply is stable but the structure is adjusting. Demand is weak. The market may continue to fluctuate at the bottom [6] - Reference view: Conservative investors should wait and see, while aggressive investors can conduct range operations [6] Group 6: Steel - Spot price: The price of Shanghai rebar is 3090. Tangshan's operating rate is 83.56%. Social inventory is 532.76 million tons, and steel mill inventory is 200.4 million tons [7] - Market analysis: The fundamentals of steel are improving. The cost is dynamically adjusted, and inventory is low. The market is dominated by macro - policy expectations in the short term, showing a pattern of strong supply and demand [7] - Reference view: Steel is in the process of valuation repair. Adopt a long - on - dips strategy in the short term [7] Group 7: Coking Coal and Coke - Spot price: The ex - warehouse price of main coking coal in Jingtang Port is 1270 yuan/ton, unchanged. The price in Shanxi Lvliang is 1070 yuan/ton, down 30 yuan/ton (a decline of 2.73%). The flat - price of coke in Rizhao Port is 1410 yuan/ton, unchanged. Steel mill coke inventory is at a 5 - month low but up 18% year - on - year [7] - Market analysis: Some coal mines in Shanxi reduce production due to environmental protection, but imported coal remains high. Coking plant capacity utilization rate decreases, and the loss per ton of coke expands. Iron - water production decreases slightly, and steel mill inventory pressure eases [7][8] - Reference view: The main coking coal and coke contracts may fluctuate in the near term. Pay attention to steel mill inventory reduction and policy implementation [7][8] Group 8: Iron Ore - Spot price: The Platts index of iron ore is 95.65. The price of Qingdao PB (61.5%) powder is 728, and the price of Australian iron ore powder (62% Fe) is 732. The closing price of the main iron ore contract is 707, down 0.71% from the previous trading day [9] - Market analysis: Global iron ore shipments increase. Domestic demand is under seasonal pressure. Port inventory is at a high level, suppressing prices. The main contract is in a sideways consolidation phase [9] - Reference view: The Iron Ore 2509 contract may fluctuate in the short term. Pay attention to port inventory reduction speed and steel mill resumption of production. In the long term, prices may be further pressured [9] Group 9: Crude Oil - Market analysis: US non - farm data eases recession concerns. OPEC lowers global demand growth forecasts. US trade wars and geopolitical issues increase supply uncertainty. OPEC + agrees to increase production by 411,000 barrels per day in July [10] - Reference view: The WTI main contract should focus on whether it can break through the 65 - dollar/barrel level in the short term. In the long term, without major geopolitical impacts on supply, the upside of crude oil is limited [10] Group 10: Rubber - Spot price: The prices of domestic whole - latex, Thai RSS3, Vietnamese 3L standard rubber, and No. 20 rubber are 13650 yuan/ton, 19800 yuan/ton, 15000 yuan/ton, and 13850 yuan/ton respectively. The prices of raw materials in Hat Yai are as follows: RSS3 is 65.9 baht/kg, latex is 56 baht/kg, cup lump is 44.9 baht/kg, and raw rubber is 62.26 baht/kg [11] - Market analysis: The US trade war policy is changeable. The supply of rubber is loose globally, and downstream tire operating rates decline. After the negative factors are realized, there is an expectation of a weak rebound [11][12] - Reference view: Pay attention to the downstream operating rate of Shanghai rubber. Supply exceeds demand, but a weak rebound pattern may start in the short term [12] Group 11: PVC - Spot price: The mainstream price of East China 5 - type PVC is 4700 yuan/ton, unchanged. The mainstream price of ethylene - based PVC is 5000 yuan/ton, unchanged. The price difference between the two is 300 yuan/ton, unchanged [13] - Market analysis: PVC production enterprise capacity utilization rate increases. Downstream demand shows no obvious improvement. Social inventory decreases [13] - Reference view: The fundamentals remain weak, and futures prices will fluctuate at a low level [13] Group 12: Soda Ash - Spot price: The national mainstream price of heavy soda ash is 1364.63 yuan/ton, down 10.62 yuan/ton. The mainstream prices in East China, North China, and Central China are 1375 yuan/ton, 1400 yuan/ton, and 1350 yuan/ton respectively, with different changes [14] - Market analysis: The overall operating rate of soda ash increases, and production rises. Factory inventory slightly increases, and social inventory decreases. Downstream demand is average [14] - Reference view: The futures market is expected to continue to fluctuate within the bottom - range in the short term [14]
国投安粮期货菜系日报-20250609
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-09 06:59
Group 1: Report Industry Investment Ratings - No information provided Group 2: Report Core Views - Rapeseed oil 2509 contract may fluctuate within a range in the short term [2] - Soybean meal may fluctuate within a range in the short term [3] - Corn futures prices will mainly fluctuate within a range in the short term, and attention should be paid to the situation of new wheat listing and weather changes [4] - Copper prices have deviated from the moving - average system. This week, focus on its effectiveness as the basis for whether the defense is lifted [5] - The lithium carbonate 2507 contract may oscillate weakly, and short positions can be taken on rallies [6][7] - Steel has started to repair its valuation, and a short - term bullish approach can be taken on dips [8] - Due to news disturbances, coking coal and coke will rebound from oversold levels at low positions [9] - Iron ore 2509 will mainly oscillate in the short term, and traders are reminded to be cautious about investment risks [10] - WTI crude oil will mainly oscillate around $60 - $65 per barrel [11] - Pay attention to the downstream operating rate of Shanghai rubber. After the bearish factors are realized, the price will rebound due to improved sentiment [12] - The fundamentals of PVC remain weak, and the futures price will oscillate at a low level [13] - The soda ash futures market is expected to continue to oscillate in the bottom - range in the short term [14] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Spot Information - Dongguan Zhongliang's imported third - grade rapeseed oil is priced at 9,260 yuan/ton (converted as OI09 + 120), down 10 yuan/ton from the previous trading day [2] - Soybean meal spot prices in Zhangjiagang are 2,770 yuan/ton, Tianjin 2,850 yuan/ton, Rizhao 2,790 yuan/ton, and Dongguan 2,780 yuan/ton [3] - The mainstream purchase price of new corn in key deep - processing enterprises in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia is 2,206 yuan/ton; in key enterprises in North China and the Huang - Huai region, it is 2,413 yuan/ton; the purchase price at Jinzhou Port is 2,270 - 2,300 yuan/ton; at Bayuquan Port, it is 2,270 - 2,300 yuan/ton [4] - The price of Shanghai 1 electrolytic copper is 78,760 - 78,990 yuan, up 460 yuan, with a premium of flat - 150 yuan. The imported copper ore index is - 43.29, up 0.72 [5] - The market price of battery - grade lithium carbonate (99.5%) is 60,800 yuan/ton, and that of industrial - grade lithium carbonate (99.2%) is 59,150 yuan/ton, with a price difference of 1,650 yuan/ton, remaining unchanged from the previous trading day [6] - The price of Shanghai rebar is 3,090 yuan, the Tangshan operating rate is 83.56%, the social inventory is 5.3276 million tons, and the steel mill inventory is 2.004 million tons [8] - The price of main coking coal (clean coal, Mongolia 5) is 1,205 yuan/ton; the price of metallurgical coke (quasi - first - grade) at Rizhao Port is 1,340 yuan/ton. The port inventory of imported coking coal is 3.3738 million tons, and the port inventory of coke is 2.461 million tons [9] - The iron ore Platts index is 97.2, the price of Qingdao PB (61.5%) powder is 735 yuan, and the price of Australian iron ore powder (62% Fe) is 737 yuan [10] - The spot prices of rubber are: domestic whole - latex 13,500 yuan/ton, Thai RSS3 20,000 yuan/ton, Vietnamese 3L standard rubber 14,950 yuan/ton, and No. 20 rubber 14,100 yuan/ton. The raw material prices in Hat Yai are: RSS3 63.87 Thai baht/kg, latex 56.5 Thai baht/kg, cup lump 49.5 Thai baht/kg, and raw rubber 60.5 Thai baht/kg [12] - The mainstream spot price of East China Type 5 PVC is 4,680 yuan/ton, and that of ethylene - based PVC is 5,000 yuan/ton, both remaining unchanged from the previous period. The price difference between ethylene - based and calcium - carbide - based PVC is 320 yuan/ton, also remaining unchanged [13] - The national mainstream price of heavy soda ash is 1,373.75 yuan/ton, remaining unchanged from the previous period. The mainstream prices in East China, North China, and Central China are 1,400 yuan/ton, 1,450 yuan/ton, and 1,350 yuan/ton respectively, all remaining unchanged [14] Market Analysis - Rapeseed oil: Domestic rapeseed is about to be listed one after another. In the near term, the supply of imported rapeseed is abundant, while in the long term, it is relatively tight. The downstream demand for rapeseed oil is neutral, and the inventory may remain high in the short and medium term [2] - Soybean meal: The Sino - US trade has reached a phased agreement, but long - term contradictions still exist. Tariff policies and weather are the main driving factors for international soybean prices. The sowing of US soybeans is going smoothly, and it is the peak export period for Brazilian soybeans. In China, the supply of soybeans is gradually recovering, the supply pressure of soybean meal is becoming prominent, the trading volume is shrinking, and the downstream purchasing intention is weak [3] - Corn: The weather in US corn - producing areas is favorable for sowing and growth. The Sino - US trade relationship has eased, and there are concerns about long - term import pressure. In China, the corn market is in the off - season between old and new grains, the supply may be tight, wheat may replace corn in the feed field, and weather speculation will affect prices. The downstream demand is weak [4] - Copper: The US non - farm payrolls data exceeded expectations, reducing the expectation of interest rate cuts this year. Global tariff confrontations continue, and China's support policies are boosting market sentiment. On the industrial side, raw material disturbances are intensifying, and domestic copper inventories are declining [5] - Lithium carbonate: The cost pressure is increasing, the supply is still high, the demand is differentiated, and the inventory is changing. The prices of spot and futures are falling, and attention should be paid to upstream production cuts [6] - Steel: The fundamentals of steel are gradually improving, the valuation is relatively low, the cost is dynamically changing, the inventory is at a low level, and the short - term market is dominated by macro - policy expectations [8] - Coking coal and coke: The supply is relatively loose, the demand is weak, the inventory is gradually increasing, and the profit is approaching the break - even point [9] - Iron ore: The market has both bullish and bearish factors. The supply has slightly decreased, the port inventory has decreased, the domestic demand has slightly declined, the overseas demand is differentiated, and news factors are suppressing the upward space [10] - Crude oil: The US - Iran negotiation has encountered setbacks, the Russia - Ukraine war has intensified, and the OPEC+ meeting has agreed to increase production in July, but there are objections. The supply may shrink, and the global demand is worrying [11] - Rubber: The supply is abundant, the US trade war and tariffs may suppress demand, and after the bearish factors are realized, the price may rebound due to improved sentiment [12] - PVC: The production capacity utilization rate has increased, the downstream demand has not improved significantly, the inventory has decreased, and the futures price is oscillating at a low level [13] - Soda ash: The supply is increasing, the inventory is slightly increasing, the demand is average, and the market lacks new driving forces, so it is expected to oscillate at the bottom in the short term [14]
安粮期货商品期货投资早参-20250606
An Liang Qi Huo· 2025-06-06 02:08
Group 1: Report Industry Investment Ratings - No relevant content provided Group 2: Core Views of the Reports - Rapeseed oil contract 2509 may test the lower support platform in the short term [2] - Soybean meal may fluctuate within a range in the short term [3] - Corn futures prices will mainly fluctuate within a range in the short term, and attention should be paid to the situation of new wheat listing and weather changes [4] - Copper prices show signs of breaking away from the moving - average system, and attention should be paid to its effectiveness for defense [5] - Carbonate lithium contract 2507 may fluctuate weakly, and short positions can be taken on rallies [6][7] - Steel is starting to repair its valuation, and a short - term strategy of buying on dips is recommended [8] - Coking coal and coke may rebound from oversold levels at low positions due to news disturbances [9] - Iron ore 2509 will mainly fluctuate in the short term, and traders are reminded to be cautious about investment risks [10] - WTI crude oil will mainly fluctuate around $60 - $65 per barrel [11] - Attention should be paid to the downstream operating rate of Shanghai rubber. After the bearish factors are realized, the price will rebound with improved sentiment [12] - PVC futures prices will oscillate at a low level with a still - weak fundamental situation [13] - Soda ash futures prices are expected to continue to oscillate in the bottom - range in the short term [14] Group 3: Summaries by Commodity Rapeseed Oil - **Spot Information**: The price of imported third - grade rapeseed oil in Dongguan Zhongliang, Dongguan, is 9,270 yuan/ton (converted as OI09 + 120), up 50 yuan/ton from the previous trading day [2] - **Market Analysis**: Domestic rapeseed is about to be listed. Near - month imported rapeseed supply is abundant, while far - month supply is tight. Downstream demand is neutral, and inventories may remain high in the short and medium term [2] Soybean Meal - **Spot Information**: Spot prices in Zhangjiagang are 2,770 yuan/ton, Tianjin 2,850 yuan/ton, Rizhao 2,790 yuan/ton, and Dongguan 2,780 yuan/ton [3] - **Market Analysis**: Sino - US trade has reached a phased agreement, but long - term contradictions remain. Tariffs and weather drive international soybean prices. In China, soybean supply is recovering, and the supply pressure of soybean meal is emerging. Downstream procurement is weak, and inventories are slowly accumulating [3] Corn - **Spot Information**: The average purchase price of new corn in key deep - processing enterprises in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia is 2,204 yuan/ton; in North China and Huanghuai, it is 2,423 yuan/ton. The purchase prices in Jinzhou Port and Bayuquan Port are 2,270 - 2,300 yuan/ton [4] - **Market Analysis**: Abroad, good weather in US corn - growing areas eases concerns, but Sino - US trade may increase import pressure. Domestically, there is a supply shortage during the grain - transition period. Wheat may replace corn in feed use, and downstream demand is weak [4] Copper - **Spot Information**: The price of Shanghai 1 electrolytic copper is 78,290 - 78,540 yuan, down 700 yuan. The import copper ore index is - 43.56, up 0.72 [5] - **Market Analysis**: US economic data and political factors affect the possible interest - rate cut path. Global trade frictions continue. Domestic policies support the market. Raw material issues persist, and copper inventories are declining [5] Carbonate Lithium - **Spot Information**: The market price of battery - grade carbonate lithium (99.5%) is 60,800 yuan/ton, and industrial - grade (99.2%) is 59,150 yuan/ton, with a price difference of 1,650 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous trading day [6] - **Market Analysis**: Cost pressure is increasing, ore prices are falling, and inventories are high. Supply capacity utilization is above average, and demand is differentiated. Phosphoric acid iron - lithium batteries and ternary batteries are shrinking [6] Steel - **Spot Information**: The price of Shanghai rebar is 3,090 yuan, the Tangshan start - up rate is 83.56%, social inventory is 532.76 million tons, and steel mill inventory is 200.4 million tons [8] - **Market Analysis**: The steel fundamentals are improving, with a lower valuation. Policy supports the real - estate industry. Raw material prices are weak, and inventory levels are low [8] Coking Coal and Coke - **Spot Information**: The price of main coking coal (Meng 5) is 1,205 yuan/ton, and the price of quasi - first - grade metallurgical coke in Rizhao Port is 1,340 yuan/ton. The port inventory of imported coking coal is 337.38 million tons, and coke inventory is 246.10 million tons [9] - **Market Analysis**: Supply is relatively loose, demand is low due to steel mill production cuts, and inventories are slightly increasing. The average profit per ton of coke is approaching the break - even point [9] Iron Ore - **Spot Information**: The Platts iron ore index is 97.2, the price of Qingdao PB (61.5%) powder is 735 yuan, and Australian powder ore (62% Fe) is 737 yuan [10] - **Market Analysis**: Supply and demand factors are mixed. Australian shipments are falling, Brazilian shipments are rising, and port inventories are decreasing. Domestic steel mill demand is weak, and overseas demand is differentiated [10] Crude Oil - **Spot Information**: No specific spot price information provided - **Market Analysis**: Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and OPEC+ production decisions affect supply. OPEC has lowered global demand growth forecasts, and trade disputes raise concerns about demand [11] Rubber - **Spot Information**: The price of domestic full - latex rubber is 13,500 yuan/ton, Thai smoked three - piece rubber is 20,000 yuan/ton, Vietnamese 3L standard rubber is 14,950 yuan/ton, and 20 - grade rubber is 14,100 yuan/ton [12] - **Market Analysis**: Trade - war tariffs and oversupply drag down rubber prices. After the bearish factors are realized, the price will rebound. Supply is abundant with full - scale tapping in domestic and Southeast Asian regions [12] PVC - **Spot Information**: The mainstream price of East China 5 - type PVC is 4,680 yuan/ton, and ethylene - based PVC is 5,000 yuan/ton, both unchanged from the previous period [13] - **Market Analysis**: Supply capacity utilization is increasing, demand from downstream enterprises is still weak, and social inventories are decreasing [13] Soda Ash - **Spot Information**: The national mainstream price of heavy soda ash is 1,373.75 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous period [14] - **Market Analysis**: Supply is increasing with a higher start - up rate and production. Inventories are slightly increasing, and demand is average, with downstream resistance to high - priced goods [14]