印度制造

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印度拟借税改提升竞争力
Jing Ji Ri Bao· 2025-10-09 22:20
此轮税改堪称印度自2017年税制统一以来的最大改革。莫迪政府希望以税改为杠杆撬动经济增长,从而 为自己的政治前途博取更多民意支持。短期看,税改有望让民生得到改善,但从中长期而言,税改能否 坚持、能否见效,取决于政府能否在财政承压、技术升级与央地协调等诸多方面取得平衡,而这种平衡 关乎莫迪政府"印度制造"战略的推进和印度在全球价值链中的地位。 (文章来源:经济日报) 税改是莫迪政府在当前国际经济形势下实现印度"强国梦"的重要举措。然而,国内外种种现实因素仍然 让莫迪政府的经济改革面临不少挑战。 首先,税改负面因素难以忽视。评级机构穆迪认为,尽管印度全面的商品及服务税改革将促进消费,但 是,印度政府放弃的收入可能会限制财政整顿和债务削减的进展。短期内,减税带来的市场活力能否兑 现,尤其是能否弥补政府财政收入降低所造成的缺口,是一个不能忽视的问题。 其次,政策执行效果有待观察。根据印度国内的税制,印度的中央政府统一征税后与各邦分成,地方屡 屡抱怨自己没有足够的财政自主权,例如泰米尔纳德邦等富裕地区多次表示税收分配不公。此次税改结 果令许多地方政府认为是"中央动了奶酪",对中央总揽财权的不满更甚,此种矛盾为税制长期稳 ...
印度“梭哈”造船业,还找上了日韩
虎嗅APP· 2025-10-03 13:15
以下文章来源于底线思维 ,作者大伊万 底线思维 . 观察者网时评专栏 本文来自微信公众号: 底线思维 ,作者:大伊万,题图来自:视觉中国 根据印度港口、航运和水道部 (MoPSW) 的消息,该扶持计划的核心意图,是通过改善造船业的 长期融资渠道,支持新建船厂,提升技术能力和构筑法律保障等,提振印度的造船能力。 近日,印度政府宣布了一项总额为7000亿卢比 (约80亿美元) 的造船业扶持计划,试图复刻20世纪 80年代"马鲁蒂-铃木" (Maruti-Suzuki) 式的印资-外资合作机制,目标直指让印度在2030年进入 世界造船业前十、在2047年进入世界造船业前五的行列,可谓雄心勃勃。 然而,这一宏伟目标的实现并非坦途。 印度造船业:曾经辉煌 自印度独立以来,印度造船业发展十分缓慢。印度产船舶长期处于水平低,吨位小的阶段。仅仅在本 世纪的最初十年,借助全球化步伐,印度造船业迎来过一个还算不错的发展时期,船舶出口总额也一 度从不到1亿美元猛然膨胀到11亿美元。但即便在印度造船业最繁荣的2011年,其占世界造船市场的 比重也仅有3.7%,此后便开始逐渐下降。 就印度造船业的现状而言,只能说"潜力较大"吧。202 ...
印度“梭哈”造船业,还找上了日韩
Hu Xiu· 2025-10-02 09:56
近日,印度政府宣布了一项总额为7000亿卢比(约80亿美元)的造船业扶持计划,试图复刻20世纪80年 代"马鲁蒂-铃木"(Maruti-Suzuki)式的印资-外资合作机制,目标直指让印度在2030年进入世界造船 业前十、在2047年进入世界造船业前五的行列,可谓雄心勃勃。 然而,这一宏伟目标的实现并非坦途。 那么,莫迪政府此次宣布的、总额约为7000亿卢比(实为6972.5亿)的造船业扶持计划,包括了哪些内 容?计划的总体可行性如何呢? 根据印度港口、航运和水道部(MoPSW)的消息,该扶持计划的核心意图,是通过改善造船业的长期 融资渠道,支持新建船厂,提升技术能力和构筑法律保障等,提振印度的造船能力。 在这一总体思路之下,印度意图通过如下几个方面来整体提升造船业能力: 第一部分是船舶建造财政援助计划(SBFAS),为造船厂提供直接的财政支持,总金额为2473.6亿卢比 (约为198亿元人民币)。根据披露信息,该计划将执行到2036年3月。根据相关信息披露,计划中规 定,价值低于100亿卢比的船舶将获得15%的补贴,而超过这一门槛的船舶将获得20%的补贴。此外, 如果环保型船舶包括30%的本土附加值的话,将 ...
“中国煤电设备是唯一选择”,外媒爆:印度私营煤电生产商敦促政府放宽对中国设备限制
Huan Qiu Wang· 2025-09-30 11:11
【环球网报道 记者 索炎琦】据路透社9月30日援引业内和政府消息人士的话报道,印度私营煤电生产商 已敦促印度政府放宽对中国煤电设备的限制,允许从中国进口相关设备。他们表示,印度当前国内煤电 设备资源不足且成本高昂。 报道介绍,2021年,印度电力部门在其"印度制造"计划下强制煤电生产商使用国产设备,以寻求促进本 土制造业发展。此外,报道提到,这一计划出台时,中印外交关系当时较为紧张。 报道表示,印度电力部门尚未回应置评请求。不过,消息人士称,印度政府正在考虑该协会的请求。 路透社提到,印度曾表示,计划到2035年增加97吉瓦的煤炭发电能力。消息人士称,印度现有煤炭发电 能力中约有48至50吉瓦正在使用中国设备,因为这些电厂是在2021年之前建成的。 据了解,印度拥有世界第五大煤炭储量,政府表示煤炭燃料"仍然至关重要"。尽管印度本土企业集团对 太阳能和风电场进行了巨额投资,但印度仍然依赖煤炭提供74%的发电量。在世界多国寻求减碳转型之 际,印度煤炭巨头——印度国家煤炭公司计划今年重新开放30多个煤矿,并且还将额外开发5座全新煤 矿。据英国《金融时报》6月8日报道,该公司表示,该国的可再生能源行业尚无法满足日益增 ...
中国有的,印度也得有?莫迪追加7000亿,印度:要动摇中日韩地位
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-29 11:36
7000亿卢比砸下去,印度就能追上中国、韩国、日本的造船业?印度造船业全球份额从40%跌到5%,现在莫迪重启造船计划,是雄心勃勃还是再次豪赌? 最近,印度总理莫迪拍板了一项大手笔,追加约7000亿卢比扶持造船业。 这事一出,《印度时报》立刻打出标题,称印度要"动摇中日韩的造船霸主地位"。看起来是要来一场强行逆袭,补上这几十年掉队的老账。 这不是印度第一次喊出"印度制造"的大目标了。上次押宝制造业,五年过去,不但没起飞,反而还掉了个头。这次造船业的"再出发",不知会有怎样的发 展。 2020年,莫迪政府推出了"生产挂钩激励计划",用补贴和政策刺激吸引企业来印度设厂,提升制造业在GDP中的比重。 原本想把制造业占比从17%拉到25%,结果五年过去,不升反降,现在只剩15%。手机制造本是重点项目,但产能和预期比还是差了四成。 | | | 问题出在很多地方,基础设施是个老大难。世界银行的物流绩效指数显示,印度港口效率全球排在第58位。别说跟中国比,连越南都比不上,供货周期一拖 再拖。 政策也不稳定。比如苹果公司,一度计划在印度扩大供应链,但因各邦政策不统一,税收、用地、工人招募都遇阻。企业在印度设厂,得看哪个邦政府好 ...
【环时深度】当“美国优先”撞上“印度优先”,美印结构性裂痕加深
Huan Qiu Shi Bao· 2025-09-28 22:45
【 环球时报驻印度特约记者 李沛昀 环球时报记者 李萌 环球时报特约记者 李静 】编者的话: "美国将不得不'修理'印度。"美国商务部长卢特尼克9 月27日的表态,给近期摩擦不断的美印关系火上浇油。华盛顿和新德里之间的关系曾被双方称为"21世纪的决定性伙伴关系",美国总统特朗普与 印度总理莫迪更是在多个场合秀"友谊",然而近期因为关税以及印度购买俄罗斯石油等问题,两国关系急转直下。印媒认为,美印之间出现的冲 突并非"小故障",而是结构性裂痕和竞争的大问题。美媒则认为,"美国优先"与"印度优先"根本不相容。 22 公里、 28 个舞台的盛况已成过去 特朗普与莫迪多次称呼对方为"伟大的朋友""真正的朋友",但两人"友谊的小船"近期却遭遇风浪。据《纽约时报》等媒体报道,特朗普与莫迪的 关系一度十分密切,这可以追溯到特朗普第一个任期时。2019年9月,莫迪出席了在美国得州举行的 "你好,莫迪"超大型公开集会,向5万多人发 表演讲。5个多月后,特朗普访问了莫迪的家乡古吉拉特邦,在一座体育馆参加了名为"你好,特朗普"的活动。当时,印度政府在从机场到体育馆 沿途22公里的路上搭建了28个舞台,安排了成千上万的欢迎人群,载歌 ...
印度把问题归咎于外国,莫迪高喊自强口号,印度制造业却在空心化
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-26 17:50
Group 1 - The core issue for India is its heavy reliance on foreign imports for essential goods, including oil, vehicle parts, and pharmaceuticals, which undermines its aspirations to become a strong nation [3][5][10] - India's manufacturing sector is significantly underdeveloped, with the country unable to produce even basic components like screws, highlighting a gap in its industrial capabilities compared to China [5][10] - The Indian government faces challenges in establishing manufacturing facilities due to bureaucratic inefficiencies, land disputes, and environmental legal issues, leading to delays in project completion [7][8] Group 2 - The Indian government's narrative of self-reliance is contradicted by the reality of its dependence on foreign technology for critical sectors like shipbuilding and semiconductor production [3][10] - There is a lack of effective talent retention in India, as many skilled professionals prefer to work abroad due to poor infrastructure and bureaucratic hurdles at home [5][8] - The current strategic direction of India's development is criticized for being unrealistic and overly focused on IT and services, neglecting the foundational importance of manufacturing [8][10]
二级制裁中印,美欧未达成一致
Huan Qiu Shi Bao· 2025-09-22 22:37
报道称,特朗普曾多次指责欧洲国家购买俄能源。他18日在同英国首相斯塔默会晤后表示,愿意加大对俄经济压力。尽管多数欧洲国家自俄乌冲 突后停止了直接购买俄石油,但匈牙利、斯洛伐克等国仍在进口俄石油。欧洲国家还从印度和土耳其等国进口柴油,后者将俄石油加工成燃料。 报道还提到,欧盟已宣布将从明年起禁止进口由俄石油提炼的石油产品,欧盟委员会还提议在2027年1月1日前禁止进口俄液化天然气,比原计划 提前一年。 RT称,欧盟若对印度等征收关税将导致欧洲经济形势进一步恶化并损失惨重,因此欧盟并不急于在该问题上听从美国。此外,欧盟也不想就此疏 远印度,而美国当前对印度的相关举动甚至推翻了过去20年来其对印度奉行的整体政策。美国"政治新闻网"此前称,尽管美国施压欧盟加快摆脱 俄能源,但欧盟不太可能在2027年前完全实现目标。主要原因在于匈牙利、斯洛伐克不支持对俄制裁并继续从俄进口能源。 【环球时报驻俄罗斯特派记者 肖新新 环球时报驻美国特约记者 李致】今日俄罗斯电视台(RT)网站22日称,欧盟和美国未能就对中印购买俄罗 斯石油实施二级制裁达成一致。 针对美国要求欧盟对印度、中国征收100%关税一事,欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩21日 ...
苹果重磅转向:iPhone 17美版全部“印度造”
Hu Xiu· 2025-09-08 02:32
Core Viewpoint - Apple has made a bold decision to produce all iPhone 17 models for the U.S. market in India, signaling a strategic investment in the Indian market and a reshaping of its global supply chain [1][2]. Group 1: Apple's Manufacturing Strategy - Nearly 80% of iPhones in the U.S. market are now imported from India, with an expected shipment of 18.6 million units in the first half of the year, a significant increase of 53% compared to the previous year [2]. - Apple's strategy in India is not solely about reducing reliance on manufacturing in mainland China but also about leveraging India's mature manufacturing capabilities, which have been developed through years of competition among Chinese brands like OPPO, vivo, and Xiaomi [2][26]. - The manufacturing capacity in India needs to exceed 200 million units to meet global demand, which requires long-term planning and support from Apple's supply chain [9][10]. Group 2: Manufacturing Capacity and Challenges - The transition to high-efficiency manufacturing in India is a gradual process, with experts noting that it will take time for Southeast Asian factories to reach the manufacturing standards of mainland China [5][10]. - Current estimates suggest that Apple's global iPhone shipments will reach 225.9 million units in 2024, up from 222.9 million in 2023 [6]. - The manufacturing ecosystem in India is evolving, with significant investments from Tata Electronics and Foxconn, which are introducing automation and advanced quality control systems [15][21]. Group 3: Economic Impact and Employment - Apple's manufacturing operations in India have created numerous direct and indirect jobs, with around 150,000 employees, of which 70%-80% are women, primarily in assembly roles [31][34]. - The expansion of manufacturing has stimulated local economies, leading to the development of housing, transportation, and specialized logistics for technology exports [35][34]. - The Indian electronics manufacturing sector is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 23%-27% in the coming years, driven by government incentives [25][36]. Group 4: Supply Chain and Component Localization - The localization of high-end components remains a challenge, with many critical parts still imported from East Asia, leading to production delays and increased costs of 10%-20% [37][38]. - Achieving a vertically integrated local supply chain could reduce costs by 5%-15%, but this requires significant investment of approximately $15 billion to $20 billion over the next 5-7 years [40][39]. - The current geopolitical landscape and tariff uncertainties pose risks to Apple's manufacturing strategy in India, as the U.S. has increased tariffs on Indian imports [44][45].
“美国不要?那就卖给中国!”面对川普的关税惩罚,印度人很自信
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-04 07:30
Core Viewpoint - The Indian business community is experiencing unprecedented anxiety due to the U.S. imposing high tariffs on Indian goods, which significantly impacts India's economy as the U.S. market accounts for nearly 20% of India's total foreign trade. However, there is a growing optimism that the Chinese market, with its 1.4 billion population, could potentially replace the U.S. market's position [1]. Group 1: Trade Dynamics - The bilateral trade between India and China was approximately $120 billion in 2024, representing only 2% of China's total foreign trade, indicating substantial growth potential [1]. - Modi's government has shown a proactive stance in improving relations with China, contrasting with the previous seven years of leaning towards the West, during which Modi did not visit China [2]. Group 2: Competitive Landscape - China, as a global manufacturing hub, has achieved self-sufficiency in industrial products, making it challenging for Indian manufactured goods to compete in terms of quality and price. For instance, Indian smartphone brands often rely on Chinese components, limiting their competitive edge in the Chinese market [3]. Group 3: Political and Economic Factors - India's export strengths lie primarily in agricultural and mineral products. Although China requires significant raw material imports, trade decisions are influenced by economic factors and unresolved border disputes between the two nations. Modi's actions, such as visiting Japan before a potential visit to China, suggest a complex diplomatic stance [5]. - Despite Modi's positive rhetoric towards China, India is unlikely to abandon its pro-Western foreign policy, as evidenced by substantial Western investments in India through initiatives like "Make in India" [5]. - The future of India-China trade relations hinges on three critical factors: progress on border issues, the formation of a political consensus within India, and the outcomes of U.S.-India negotiations. In the short term, the Chinese market is unlikely to fully replace the U.S. market share [6].