本报北京1月2日电 （记者欧阳洁）国家统计局服务业调查中心、中国物流与采购联合会近日发布的 2025年12月制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为50.1%，比上月上升0.9个百分点，在连续8个月运行在50%以 下后升至扩张区间，其中，12月制造业生产经营活动预期指数为55.5%，较上月上升2.4个百分点，创 2024年4月以来的新高。 （文章来源：人民日报） 制造业结构方面呈现积极变化。高技术制造业扩张势头明显加快，高技术制造业PMI为52.5%，较上月 上升2.4个百分点。消费品行业PMI为50.4%，较上月上升1个百分点，其中生产指数上升至52%以上，新 订单指数上升至51%以上，显示消费品制造业市场供需较好扩张。 同时发布的2025年12月中国非制造业商务活动指数为50.2%，比上月上升0.7个百分点。12月综合PMI产 出指数为50.7%，比上月上升1个百分点。 数据显示，12月我国制造业市场需求有所释放，企业生产较好扩张，市场价格向好运行。2025年12月新 订单指数为50.8%，较上月上升1.6个百分点，在连续5个月运行在50%以下后回到扩张区间。12月制造 业出口稳定发展，新出口订单指数为49%，较上 ...

报 告 正 文 PMI表现如何？ 12月全国制造业PMI显著回升，4月以来首度升至扩张区间，持平于过去五年同期中位数水 平，构成制造业PMI指数的五大分指数中，新订单、生产、原材料库存指数上升，从业人员指数下降，作为逆 指数的供应商配送时间指数上升。趋势变动情况看，供需同步改善，内需相对外需走强，需求端库存有所积 累，下游利润有所恢复。企业类型看，大、中型企业景气明显改善，小型企业景气回落。 此外，有三点值得关注 ： 一是产需同步修复。 一方面是中美吉隆坡经贸磋商后11-12月新出口订单指数连续 大幅回升，虽然新出口订单指数尚在荣枯线下，但新订单指数升至扩张区间；另一方面是生产指数环比改善幅 度超近十年同期，产需同步修复带动制造业PMI显著改善。 二是出厂价格相对购进价格改善。 11-12月出厂价 格指数连续上升，或指向下游利润分配出现改善迹象。 三是生产经营活动预期指数大幅上升。 制造业生产经 营活动预期指数环比升幅在近十年同期中仅低于2022年，创下年内新高，在外部扰动暂时缓和、内部政策定 调明确、以及清理欠款、反内卷等持续推进下，企业经营状态或在逐步改善，后续资本开支意愿或有提振。 制造业PMI显著上升 ...

21世纪经济报道记者冉黎黎北京报道 12月31日，国家统计局发布2025年12月中国采购经理指数运行情况。12月份，制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为50.1%，为2025年4月份以来首次升至扩张区 间。 国家统计局服务业调查中心首席统计师霍丽慧表示，12月份，生产指数和新订单指数分别为51.7%和50.8%，比上月上升1.7个和1.6个百分点，特别是新订单 指数下半年以来首次升至临界点以上，制造业产需两端均较上月明显扩张。 中泰证券研究所政策团队首席分析师杨畅对21世纪经济报道记者表示，新订单与新出口订单的差值为1.8个百分点（前值为1.6个百分点），表明内需出现修 复。 中国民生银行首席经济学家温彬进一步对21世纪经济报道记者表示，前期稳增长政策继续落地显效，叠加外部不确定性阶段性缓释，带动内外需同步好转。 此外，霍丽慧介绍，在调查的21个行业中有16个行业PMI较上月回升，相关企业生产经营情况有所改善。高技术制造业、装备制造业、消费品行业PMI分别 为52.5%、50.4%、50.4%，分别较上月回升2.4、0.6、1.0个百分点。预期指数也升至较高景气区间。生产经营活动预期指数为55.5%，比上月上升2. ...

Core Insights - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) in China for November is reported at 49.2%, reflecting a 0.2 percentage point increase from the previous month, indicating an improvement in economic conditions [1] Group 1: Manufacturing Sector Performance - The new export orders index stands at 47.6%, which is a 1.7 percentage point increase from last month, showing a significant rise in demand [1] - The high-tech manufacturing sector's new export orders index increased by over 3 percentage points compared to last month, while the consumer goods manufacturing sector's new export orders index rose by over 2 percentage points [1] - Overall, the new orders index for manufacturing is at 49.2%, up by 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, suggesting a recovery in market demand [1] Group 2: Business Confidence - The production and business activity expectation index is at 53.1%, which is a 0.3 percentage point increase from last month, indicating enhanced confidence among manufacturing enterprises regarding recent market developments [1]

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) in China for November is reported at 49.2%, indicating a slight improvement in the manufacturing sector's performance compared to the previous month [1] Summary by Categories Manufacturing PMI - The manufacturing PMI increased by 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, reflecting an overall improvement in the sector's economic conditions [1] Sub-indices Performance - The new export orders index stands at 47.6%, up by 1.7 percentage points from last month, showing a significant rise [1] - The high-tech manufacturing sector's new export orders index increased by over 3 percentage points compared to the previous month [1] - The consumer goods manufacturing sector's new export orders index rose by more than 2 percentage points from last month [1] Market Demand and Confidence - The overall market demand in the manufacturing sector is recovering, with the new orders index at 49.2%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [1] - The production and business activity expectations index is at 53.1%, which is an increase of 0.3 percentage points, indicating enhanced confidence among manufacturing enterprises regarding recent market developments [1]

Core Insights - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for November increased to 49.2%, reflecting a slight improvement in economic conditions compared to the previous month [1] - The new export orders index rose significantly by 1.7 percentage points, indicating a positive shift in the external trade environment, particularly benefiting small enterprises [1][2] - Most of the 13 sub-indices for manufacturing showed an upward trend, with production, new orders, and purchasing volume indices all improving [1][2] Manufacturing PMI Details - The manufacturing PMI for November stands at 49.2%, up by 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a recovery in manufacturing activity [1] - The new orders index increased by 0.4 percentage points to 49.2%, while the production index returned to the neutral level of 50% after a brief contraction [2] - The equipment manufacturing, high-tech manufacturing, and consumer goods manufacturing sectors all maintained production indices in the expansion zone [2] Price Trends - The purchasing price index for manufacturing rose to 53.6%, up by 1.1 percentage points, indicating a general increase in raw material prices across major manufacturing sectors [2] - The decline in finished product prices has slowed, influenced by rising raw material costs and stable market demand [2] Future Outlook - Analysts suggest that the manufacturing market demand may continue to stabilize and recover in December, driven by year-end activities, policy implementation, and expected demand increases from the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" [2] - Despite the improvements, the manufacturing PMI remains at historically low levels, indicating a growing necessity for macroeconomic policy support [3]

Core Viewpoint - The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted China's manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors, leading to a sharp decline in the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for February 2020, with manufacturing PMI dropping to 35.7%, a decrease of 14.3 percentage points from the previous month [1][3]. Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for February 2020 is reported at 35.7%, with large, medium, and small enterprises showing PMIs of 36.3%, 35.5%, and 34.1% respectively, all experiencing declines of over 14 percentage points [1][3]. - All five sub-indices that constitute the manufacturing PMI are below the critical threshold, indicating widespread contraction [3]. - The production index fell to 27.8%, a drop of 23.5 percentage points, while the new orders index decreased to 29.3%, down 22.1 percentage points [3]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI dropped to 29.6%, a decline of 24.5 percentage points, indicating a significant overall contraction in the non-manufacturing economy [3]. - Only the monetary financial services and capital market services maintained an expansionary index, while the construction sector's index fell to 26.6%, down 33.1 percentage points [3]. Export and Import Orders - The new export orders index plummeted to 28.7%, a decrease of 20 percentage points, attributed to the pandemic's impact on domestic production and overseas demand [5][6]. - The import index also fell to 31.9%, down 17.1 percentage points, reflecting a temporary decline in demand for raw materials due to halted production [6]. Economic Recovery Outlook - Analysts predict a potential rebound in the PMI for March, with expectations that the recovery rate for large and medium enterprises will rise to 90.8% by the end of March [7]. - Various government policies aimed at tax reductions, financial support, and employment stabilization are expected to alleviate the difficulties faced by businesses and boost confidence [7]. - The recovery in external demand is anticipated to be gradual, with a focus on nurturing internal market dynamics to restore foreign investor confidence [7][8]. Industry-Specific Insights - The recovery of industries such as real estate and infrastructure is crucial, as their slow resumption has led to inventory accumulation in upstream sectors [8]. - The service sector, particularly leisure services like dining and tourism, continues to face challenges, with low operational rates and ongoing demand suppression expected to persist [9].

Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for October 2025 is reported at 49.0%, a significant decrease of 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, which is notably higher than the seasonal average decline of 0.4 percentage points observed from 2020 to 2024[2][5] - The production index fell by 2.2 percentage points to 49.7%, while the new orders index decreased by 0.9 percentage points to 48.8%[5][15] - The new export orders index dropped to 45.9%, down 1.9 percentage points, marking the second-lowest level since the introduction of high tariffs in April 2025[5][20] - Small enterprises experienced a notable decline in PMI, falling 1.1 percentage points to 47.1%, while large enterprises' PMI decreased to 49.9%[6] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI for October 2025 is at 50.1%, slightly up from 50.0% in the previous month, driven by holiday consumption[2][28] - The service sector showed improvement, with indices for transportation, retail, and entertainment exceeding 60%, indicating strong performance in consumer-related services[28] - The construction PMI fell to 49.1%, but new orders and business activity expectations increased, suggesting a potential recovery in infrastructure activities[34] Economic Outlook - The report highlights that the construction sector may benefit from the introduction of 500 billion yuan in new policy financial tools and an additional 200 billion yuan in special bond issuance, which could support infrastructure investment[4][34] - The overall economic environment remains cautious due to external trade uncertainties and domestic demand stability, particularly in high-energy-consuming industries[16][20]

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry is showing signs of recovery in October 2025, with the PMI rising to 49.2%, ending a two-month decline, although challenges such as high raw material prices and inventory pressures remain [1][2]. Demand Recovery - October saw a recovery in steel demand due to the resumption of outdoor construction post-holidays and a lack of adverse weather in northern regions, but the real estate sector remains in deep adjustment, limiting overall market demand [2][3]. - The new orders index increased to 47.6%, up 2.4 percentage points, indicating some improvement in demand, but still within a contraction zone [3]. - Export orders showed significant improvement, with the new export orders index rising to 54.3%, the highest in nearly 20 months, driven by price differentials and overseas demand [3]. Production Trends - Steel production stabilized in October, with the production index rising to 49.8%, up 4.1 percentage points, indicating a recovery in production activities [5]. - Despite improvements in both supply and demand, the recovery in demand is weaker than the increase in supply, leading to continued inventory pressures for steel mills [5]. Raw Material Prices - Raw material prices remain high, with the purchasing price index exceeding 70%, indicating increased cost pressures for steel manufacturers [8]. - Prices for different raw materials are showing divergence, with iron ore prices stabilizing, scrap steel prices declining, and coke prices rising due to supply constraints [8]. Price and Profitability - Steel prices have shown a downward trend, with the Shanghai rebar price index dropping from 3176 CNY/ton to 3122 CNY/ton during October, leading to further compression of profit margins for steel mills [11]. - The overall cost pressure on steel manufacturers has increased compared to September, despite some recovery in demand [11]. Future Outlook - In November, steel demand is expected to show a "first rise then fall" trend, supported by construction activities and export resilience, but constrained by ongoing weakness in the real estate sector and seasonal factors [12]. - Steel production is anticipated to contract due to environmental restrictions in northern regions and a shift from peak to off-peak demand [15].

Core Insights - The manufacturing PMI in China rose to 49.8% in September, indicating a slight recovery but still below the expansion threshold [1] - The non-manufacturing business activity index decreased to 50.0%, reflecting a slight slowdown in non-manufacturing activities [1] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing production index increased to 51.9%, marking a continuous expansion for five months [4] - The purchasing volume index rose to 51.6%, indicating improved procurement activities [4] - New orders index reached 49.7%, showing a stabilization in market demand [4] - The export new orders index improved to 47.8%, suggesting a narrowing decline in export demand [4] - The manufacturing purchase price index was 53.2%, while the factory price index fell to 48.2%, indicating mixed price trends across sectors [5] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index remained stable at 50.0%, with the construction index at 49.3% and the services index at 50.1% [8] - The business activity expectation index for non-manufacturing remained above 55%, indicating stable optimism among enterprises [8] - The postal industry showed significant growth, with indices above 60%, reflecting active online shopping [8][9] Future Outlook - The manufacturing sector is expected to see continued growth in Q4, driven by macro policies and seasonal demand [5] - Non-manufacturing activities are anticipated to stabilize and recover, supported by year-end effects and holiday demand [10]