顺应消费升级、人口老龄化、促进出生人口增长等需要，在养老、托育、健康、文旅等消费配套设施领 域实施一批重点项目。 国家发改委在《求是》杂志发表文章《坚定实施扩大内需战略》中指出，着力释放居民消费潜力。 一方面，大力提升居民消费意愿。深入实施提振消费专项行动。加力稳定大宗消费，实施好消费品以旧 换新政策。强化品牌引领、标准升级、新技术应用，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景。支持 首发经济、赛事经济、电子商务等发展。顺应消费升级、人口老龄化、促进出生人口增长等需要，在养 老、托育、健康、文旅等消费配套设施领域实施一批重点项目。大力实施城市更新，抓好停车场、老旧 电梯更新等民生微项目。进一步拓展入境消费，提升便利化水平。 另一方面，切实增强居民消费能力。强化就业优先政策，多渠道稳定和扩大就业，优化创业促进就业政 策环境，支持重点群体就业。实施城乡居民增收计划，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳 动报酬在初次分配中的比重，努力实现居民收入和经济增长同步、劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高同 步。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，增加政府资金用于民生保障支出。健全社会保障体系，稳步推进 基本公共服务均等化，加大生育 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of implementing a strategy to expand domestic demand, highlighting the need to enhance consumer willingness and capability to stimulate economic growth and stability [3][4][5]. Group 1: Importance of Expanding Domestic Demand - Expanding domestic demand is crucial for economic stability and security, serving as a strategic move rather than a temporary measure [4]. - It is essential for addressing the main social contradictions in China, which involve the growing needs for a better life and unbalanced development [6]. - The domestic market is seen as a key driver for economic growth, especially in the context of global uncertainties and external pressures [5][11]. Group 2: Enhancing Consumer Willingness - The strategy includes actions to boost consumer willingness, such as implementing consumption promotion initiatives and stabilizing major consumption sectors [16]. - Policies will focus on creating new consumption scenarios and supporting emerging economic sectors like e-commerce and event economies [16]. - There will be a push for urban renewal projects and improvements in consumer services, particularly in areas like elderly care and health [16]. Group 3: Strengthening Consumer Capability - The strategy aims to enhance consumer capability by prioritizing employment and income growth, particularly for key demographic groups [16]. - There will be an increase in government spending on social welfare to support consumer spending [16]. - The plan includes measures to improve the social security system and promote equal access to public services [16]. Group 4: Current Economic Landscape - Domestic demand has become the main driver of economic growth, contributing an average of 93.1% to economic growth from 2013 to 2024 [11][12]. - The contribution of final consumption expenditure and gross capital formation to economic growth is 55% and 38.1%, respectively [12]. - The service sector is expected to account for 46.1% of per capita consumption expenditure by 2024, indicating a shift towards service-oriented consumption [6][8]. Group 5: Challenges and Opportunities - Despite the potential for expanding domestic demand, challenges such as low consumer rates and investment dynamics exist [13]. - The article highlights the need for a complete domestic demand system that includes consumption, investment, and supply chain optimization [10]. - There is significant potential for consumption upgrades and effective investment in infrastructure and technology sectors [14]. Group 6: Strategic Implementation - The strategy will involve a comprehensive approach to enhance domestic demand, focusing on both consumption and investment [15]. - It emphasizes the importance of creating a unified national market to eliminate barriers and improve market efficiency [20]. - The government will work on reforming investment mechanisms to ensure that funds are effectively utilized for economic growth [21].

文章强调，大国经济的优势就是内部可循环。要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，使生产、分配、 流通、消费各环节更多依托国内市场实现良性循环。扩大内需和扩大开放并不矛盾。国内循环越顺畅， 越能形成对全球资源要素的引力场，越有利于构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新 发展格局，越有利于形成参与国际竞争和合作新优势。要把扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机 结合起来，供需两端同时发力、协调配合，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡。 文章指出，总需求不足是当前经济运行面临的突出矛盾。要坚决贯彻落实扩大内需战略规划纲要， 尽快形成完整内需体系，着力扩大有收入支撑的消费需求、有合理回报的投资需求、有本金和债务约束 的金融需求。消费是我国经济增长的重要引擎，扩大消费最根本的是促进就业，完善社保，优化收入分 配结构，扩大中等收入群体，扎实推进共同富裕。要建立和完善扩大居民消费的长效机制，使居民有稳 定收入能消费、没有后顾之忧敢消费、消费环境优获得感强愿消费。要完善扩大投资机制，拓展有效投 资空间，适度超前部署新型基础设施建设，扩大高技术产业和战略性新兴产业投资，持续激发民间投资 活力。要继续深化供给侧 ...

文章强调，大国经济的优势就是内部可循环。要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，使生产、分配、流 通、消费各环节更多依托国内市场实现良性循环。扩大内需和扩大开放并不矛盾。国内循环越顺畅，越 能形成对全球资源要素的引力场，越有利于构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发 展格局，越有利于形成参与国际竞争和合作新优势。要把扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结 合起来，供需两端同时发力、协调配合，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡。 文章指出，总需求不足是当前经济运行面临的突出矛盾。要坚决贯彻落实扩大内需战略规划纲要，尽快 形成完整内需体系，着力扩大有收入支撑的消费需求、有合理回报的投资需求、有本金和债务约束的金 融需求。消费是我国经济增长的重要引擎，扩大消费最根本的是促进就业，完善社保，优化收入分配结 构，扩大中等收入群体，扎实推进共同富裕。要建立和完善扩大居民消费的长效机制，使居民有稳定收 入能消费、没有后顾之忧敢消费、消费环境优获得感强愿消费。要完善扩大投资机制，拓展有效投资空 间，适度超前部署新型基础设施建设，扩大高技术产业和战略性新兴产业投资，持续激发民间投资活 力。要继续深化供给侧 ...

Core Insights - The rise of Labubu is not coincidental but a result of generational aesthetics, emotional symbols, and identity expression [1][2] - The "Implementation Plan" provides a systematic framework for the new demand and supply dynamics, emphasizing the importance of capturing emotional trends and creating a sustainable supply chain [1][2][10] Generational Symbols - Each generation has its own Labubu, representing the spirit of the times, from Transformers for the 70s to digital IPs for Gen Z [2] - The changing emotional structures reflect new consumer demands in China, with the "Implementation Plan" targeting three trillion-level and ten hundred-billion-level consumption hotspots [2][4] New Consumption Trends - Future consumption is shifting from purchasing goods to subscribing to lifestyles, driven by demographic segmentation and interest-oriented consumption [3] - Changes in consumption dimensions include spatial (from traditional malls to immersive experiences), temporal (from one-time purchases to long-term relationships), and relational (from buyers to co-creators) [3] New Demand Dynamics - The demand for new products is shaped by collective choices across generations, with emotional needs such as identity recognition, emotional healing, and self-narrative being crucial [4][5] - The children's market is evolving towards cognitive development and emotional growth, while the elderly market is shifting from passive care to active quality of life improvements [6][5] New Supply Strategies - New supply-side structural reforms focus on leveraging technology and new models for precise supply-demand matching [7] - Flexible production and rapid iteration are becoming standard, with the ability to quickly respond to new consumer trends [7][8] Investment Opportunities - The investment landscape is becoming clearer with three trillion-level sectors (elderly products, smart vehicles, consumer electronics) and ten hundred-billion-level sectors (trendy toys, outdoor products, etc.) identified [9] - Key investment criteria include addressing unique emotional needs, having a sustainable supply system, and aligning with national strategic directions [9][10]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a negative outlook for the photovoltaic manufacturing industry due to overcapacity and price competition, suggesting a need for structural reforms and regulatory measures to stabilize the market [2][5][11]. Core Insights - The photovoltaic manufacturing sector is experiencing severe overcapacity and price competition, leading to deteriorating financial conditions for many companies. The industry is undergoing a transformation driven by national strategies to combat "involution" competition [2][4][5]. - The Chinese government is implementing a series of policies aimed at regulating capacity and pricing to foster a healthier competitive environment in the photovoltaic industry [11][13][21]. - Despite current challenges, the long-term growth potential of the global photovoltaic market remains significant, with expectations of increased demand driven by global climate goals [37]. Summary by Sections Industry Status - The photovoltaic manufacturing capacity in China has expanded rapidly, with 2024 effective capacities for polysilicon, wafers, cells, and modules reaching 3.394 million tons/year, 1394.9 GW, 1426.7 GW, and 1388.9 GW respectively, representing over 90% of global capacity [5][9]. - Price declines in 2024 were significant, with polysilicon, wafers, cells, and modules experiencing drops of 40%, 56%, 40%, and 30% respectively [7][8]. - Financial metrics for the industry show a decline in revenue and profitability, with average operating profit margins dropping to 4.17% in 2024 [9][10]. Measures Against "Involution" - The government and industry associations are collaborating to implement measures to combat low-price competition, including legal definitions of compliance and industry self-regulation [11][13][20]. - Policies introduced include raising technical standards for new projects and establishing minimum capital requirements to curb irrational capacity expansion [17][24]. - A self-regulatory agreement among major photovoltaic manufacturers aims to implement a quota system to manage production and stabilize prices [14][18]. Future Development Paradigm - The report emphasizes the need for a three-pronged approach involving government guidance, industry collaboration, and corporate transformation to overcome the current challenges in the photovoltaic sector [21][23]. - The anticipated timeline for capacity clearing indicates that battery production will see the fastest exit of excess capacity by mid-2026, while polysilicon and wafer segments may take longer [33][35]. - The global photovoltaic market is projected to grow significantly, with expectations of reaching over 5400 GW of installed capacity by 2030, driven by international climate commitments [37].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the concept of "investment in people" as a transformative development ideology that prioritizes human resources as a crucial form of capital, aiming to enhance individual capabilities and improve overall societal value, thereby supporting China's modernization efforts [2]. Summary by Sections Definition and Relationship of "Investment in People" - "Investment in people" refers to allocating more fiscal resources towards education, employment, healthcare, and social security, focusing on enhancing individual capabilities and driving high-quality economic development through human capital [3]. - It contrasts with "investment in material," highlighting a shift from a purely material-focused investment approach to one that recognizes the importance of human development [3]. Economic Growth and Investment Strategies - Traditional economic growth has focused on expanding production capacity, with "investment in material" being favored due to its quicker returns and easier cost-benefit analysis [4]. - However, overemphasis on material investment has led to structural imbalances in supply and demand, with a significant decline in the return on investment in material from 2008 to 2023, indicating a need for a shift towards human-centered investment strategies [4]. Pursuit of Quality of Life - The pursuit of a better life encompasses not only diverse and high-quality consumption but also broader social and individual development goals [5]. - "Investment in people" is positioned as a practical application of the goal to meet the growing needs of the populace, emphasizing the integration of material and human investments [5]. Implications for Domestic Demand and Supply Structure - The article discusses the necessity of improving the interaction between consumption and investment to address domestic demand issues, with a focus on optimizing investment directions to better align with changing consumer needs [6][7]. - It highlights that people are the core of consumption and production, and "investment in people" aims to enhance human capabilities and foster sustainable economic growth [7]. Comprehensive Development and Policy Considerations - "Investment in people" should transcend short-term economic logic, addressing broader human needs, including cultural and spiritual dimensions [8]. - The article advocates for a holistic approach to investment that includes education, healthcare, and environmental considerations, aiming for a sustainable and equitable development model [9][10]. Long-term Goals and Systematic Advantages - The long-term objective of "investment in people" is to achieve comprehensive human development, distinguishing it from other countries' approaches that may reduce human value to mere economic tools [12][13]. - China's unique institutional advantages, such as a people-centered approach and systematic planning, are highlighted as key factors in successfully implementing "investment in people" strategies [13][14]. Future Directions and Implementation Strategies - The article suggests focusing on key areas such as income distribution, public services, and education to effectively "invest in people," while balancing market forces and government roles [17]. - It emphasizes the importance of a long-term perspective in evaluating the effectiveness of such investments, advocating for a comprehensive assessment framework that aligns with the overarching goals of human and societal development [11][15].

Core Viewpoint - The development of service consumption is crucial for optimizing economic structure and improving people's livelihoods, as emphasized by the Central Committee's recommendations and the recent Central Economic Work Conference [1][2]. Group 1: Current State of Service Consumption - Service consumption in China is experiencing rapid expansion and structural transformation, with a shift from survival-based to development and enjoyment-oriented consumption [2]. - In 2024, service consumption in China is projected to account for 46.1% of total consumption, significantly lower than the United States at 68.5% and South Korea at 58.9% [2]. - Challenges such as urban-rural development imbalance and insufficient high-end supply hinder the full release of service consumption potential [2]. Group 2: Supply-Side Structural Reform - Service enterprises should innovate service content by utilizing big data and AI to capture changing consumer trends [4]. - Three innovation models are highlighted: cultural IP-based services, technology-enabled smart services, and cross-industry integrated services [4][5]. - Establishing a service innovation protection mechanism is essential to encourage continuous innovation among enterprises [5]. Group 3: Policy and Institutional Environment Optimization - Implementing a negative list system for market access can eliminate hidden barriers and promote new business models [6]. - A "sandbox regulatory" mechanism is proposed to allow for cautious innovation in new service areas [6]. - A comprehensive statistical monitoring system for service consumption is necessary to support policy formulation [6]. Group 4: Demand-Side Support Enhancement - Improving residents' consumption capacity through wage growth mechanisms and tax system enhancements is crucial [8]. - The introduction of service consumption vouchers, particularly in sectors like elderly care and tourism, is recommended to stimulate demand [8]. - Enhancing the consumer environment by establishing credit systems and improving dispute resolution mechanisms is essential [8]. Group 5: New Business Models and New Formats - The development of the digital service economy is encouraged, with a focus on online education, internet healthcare, and smart tourism [9]. - Promoting the sharing economy in sectors like accommodation and transportation can foster new service models [10]. Group 6: Talent and Standards Development - A multi-level talent cultivation system is needed to support the service industry, including the establishment of new service management programs in higher education [11]. - Developing national and industry standards for emerging service sectors is critical to enhance service quality [11].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China's capital market has emerged from a downturn and is on a path to high-quality development, driven by the recognition of "Chinese-style long-termism" by global investors [2][8] - The stability and continuity of Chinese policies are fundamental to creating a healthy and sustainable capital market ecosystem, contrasting with the short-term focus of Western political dynamics [2][4] - The "long-termism" is reflected in the continuity of goals across five-year plans, with each plan building on the previous one, leading to a coherent strategy towards the grand vision of a modern socialist country by 2049 [3][8] Group 2 - The governance capability of China is demonstrated through the adaptability and operability of policies that align with current stage characteristics, addressing core contradictions and enhancing national governance [4][5] - China's early recognition of potential global economic challenges, as indicated in previous five-year plans, has allowed for proactive policy responses, showcasing resilience in the face of external shocks [6][7] - "Long-termism" is identified as the fundamental reason behind the sustainability of the "China miracle," emphasizing the importance of policy continuity and consensus in achieving long-term goals [8]

文章指出，总需求不足是当前经济运行面临的突出矛盾。要坚决贯彻落实扩大内需战略规划纲要，尽快形 成完整内需体系，着力扩大有收入支撑的消费需求、有合理回报的投资需求、有本金和债务约束的金融需 求。消费是我国经济增长的重要引擎，扩大消费最根本的是促进就业，完善社保，优化收入分配结构，扩 大中等收入群体，扎实推进共同富裕。要建立和完善扩大居民消费的长效机制，使居民有稳定收入能消 费、没有后顾之忧敢消费、消费环境优获得感强愿消费。要完善扩大投资机制，拓展有效投资空间，适度 超前部署新型基础设施建设，扩大高技术产业和战略性新兴产业投资，持续激发民间投资活力。要继续深 化供给侧结构性改革，持续推动科技创新、制度创新，突破供给约束堵点、卡点、脆弱点，增强产业链供 应链的竞争力和安全性，以自主可控、高质量的供给适应满足现有需求，创造引领新的需求。要坚持惠民 生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点。 来源：新华社 责编：叶舒筠 校对：王朝全 新华社北京12月15日电 12月16日出版的第24期《求是》杂志将发表中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央 军委主席习近平的重要文章《扩大内需是战略之举》。 ...