Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of achieving high-level technological self-reliance and strength as a foundation for national prosperity and security, outlining strategic goals, key tasks, and major initiatives for advancing China's technological innovation [1][2]. Strategic Deployment - Since the 18th National Congress, the central government has made significant strategic deployments to enhance technological self-reliance, leading to historic achievements and transformations in China's technology sector [2]. - The goal of building a technology power is clearly defined, with an emphasis on achieving high-level technological self-reliance as essential for national development [2]. New System for National Innovation - A new type of national system is being established to address profound changes in scientific research paradigms, focusing on collaborative innovation and leveraging national strategic technological forces [3]. - The system aims to integrate resources from national laboratories, research institutions, and leading enterprises to tackle major technological challenges [3]. Role of Enterprises in Innovation - Enterprises are recognized as the main body of innovation, with efforts to strengthen their role in integrating innovation elements and transforming technological achievements [4]. - A nurturing environment for technology-driven small and medium enterprises is being developed to enhance their growth and contribution to innovation [4]. Reform of the Technological System - The article highlights the necessity of reforming the technological system to create an efficient, collaborative, and open innovation framework, emphasizing the importance of leadership and coordination in technological tasks [5]. - Reforms include improving evaluation systems and fostering a culture of innovation within research and development [5]. Open Innovation Ecosystem - The importance of an open innovation ecosystem is stressed, with a focus on global collaboration and integration into international innovation networks [6][7]. - China is actively expanding international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, establishing key innovation centers [7]. Historical Achievements in Technology - Significant advancements in technology have been made, with China achieving a prominent position in various fields and producing a surge of major innovations [8]. - The country is moving towards becoming an innovative nation, solidifying the material and technological foundation for modernization [8]. Investment in Basic Research - Investment in research and development is increasing, with a projected expenditure of over 3.6 trillion yuan in 2024, marking a nearly 50% increase since 2020 [9]. - The focus on basic research is crucial for achieving breakthroughs and enhancing the foundation for technological self-reliance [9]. Core Technology Autonomy - The article discusses the importance of mastering key core technologies to ensure national economic security, highlighting advancements in various high-tech fields [10]. - Progress in self-developed technologies, such as high-performance chips and advanced equipment, is noted as a significant achievement [10]. Global Technological Competitiveness - China's technological competitiveness is on the rise, with improvements in innovation resource allocation and contributions to global technological innovation [11]. - The country aims to enhance its global innovation index ranking and establish itself as a key player in international innovation networks [11]. Integration of Technology and Industry - The integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is emphasized as a key strategy for achieving high-level self-reliance [17]. - Efforts are being made to ensure seamless transitions from research to product development, enhancing the overall innovation ecosystem [17]. Reforming the Innovation Ecosystem - Continuous reforms in the technological system are necessary to foster a vibrant innovation ecosystem, focusing on removing barriers to innovation and enhancing collaboration [18]. - The article advocates for a supportive environment for original and disruptive innovations to accelerate the transition from a technological power to a technological strong nation [18].

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of technological self-reliance and innovation as foundational to national strength and security, outlining strategic goals and tasks for advancing China's technological capabilities [1][2][3] Group 1: Strategic Deployment - Since the 18th National Congress, the central government has made significant strategic deployments to enhance high-level technological self-reliance, leading to historic achievements in China's technological sector [2] - The goal of becoming a technological powerhouse is defined, with a focus on achieving world-leading technological strength and innovation capabilities [2][3] Group 2: New System for National Innovation - A new type of national system is being established to address profound changes in scientific research paradigms, emphasizing collaborative innovation and the integration of various national resources [3] - The system aims to enhance the role of the state in organizing major technological innovations and projects [3] Group 3: Role of Enterprises - Enterprises are recognized as the main drivers of innovation, with efforts to strengthen their position in technological innovation and the transformation of scientific achievements [4] - A nurturing environment for technology-driven small and medium enterprises is being developed to support their growth [4] Group 4: Reform of Technological Systems - The article discusses the necessity of reforming technological systems to create an efficient and collaborative innovation environment, highlighting the establishment of a central technology committee and improved coordination mechanisms [5] - Reforms aim to enhance the evaluation and management of major technological projects [5] Group 5: Open Innovation Ecosystem - The importance of an open innovation ecosystem is stressed, with initiatives to expand international technological cooperation and integrate into global innovation networks [6][7] - Key international technology innovation centers are being developed in major cities [6] Group 6: Historical Achievements - Significant advancements in China's technological capabilities have been made, with major innovations emerging in various fields, solidifying China's position as an innovative nation [8][9] Group 7: Core Technology Independence - The focus on mastering key core technologies is highlighted as essential for national economic and security stability, with notable progress in high-performance chips and other critical technologies [10] Group 8: Global Technological Competitiveness - China's technological competitiveness is rapidly increasing, with improvements in global innovation rankings and contributions to international technological advancements [11] Group 9: Integration of Technology and Industry - The integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is emphasized as crucial for achieving high-level self-reliance and enhancing the quality of development [16] Group 10: Reforming the Innovation Ecosystem - Continuous reforms in the technological system are necessary to foster a vibrant innovation ecosystem, focusing on improving evaluation systems and supporting original and disruptive innovations [17]

现代化产业体系由一系列相互联系、相互支撑的产业部门、经营主体、要素条件等构成，是以实体经济 为支撑、以产业链现代化为方向的有机系统。构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系，关系我们在 未来发展和国际竞争中赢得战略主动。科技创新是建设现代化产业体系的战略支撑，不仅能够为产业转 型升级提供核心动力，也能够助推产业智能化、绿色化、融合化发展，进而提升产业整体竞争力。当 前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进，一系列前沿领域加快取得突破，不断重塑产业形态与全球产 业链，为产业变革提供了机遇和舞台。牢牢把握这一重要机遇，坚持科技创新和制度创新"双轮驱动"， 高效集聚全球创新要素，能充分发挥科技创新对产业发展的引领带动作用，为构建现代化产业体系提供 强劲动能，并自主拓展产业新赛道、确保重要产业链自主可控。 习近平总书记指出："现代化产业体系是现代化国家的物质技术基础，必须把发展经济的着力点放在实 体经济上，为实现第二个百年奋斗目标提供坚强物质支撑。"党的二十届四中全会《建议》对"建设现代 化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基"作出专章部署，并提出"构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体 系"。当前，世界百年变局加速演进，我国发展 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of a modern industrial system, reflecting a strategic shift in China's economic development focus, particularly in response to current domestic and international challenges [2][3][4]. Group 1: Modern Industrial System - The prioritization of "building a modern industrial system" signifies a shift towards strengthening the real economy, which is essential for sustainable growth and resilience against external shocks [4][7]. - The plan aims to transform traditional industries, which currently account for about 80% of the economy, into new growth drivers, potentially creating a market worth trillions [4][8]. - The integration of technological innovation with industrial development is crucial, as it ensures that breakthroughs in technology can be effectively applied within the industrial framework [3][8]. Group 2: Future Industries - The plan outlines six key future industries: quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy, nuclear fusion, brain-computer interfaces, and sixth-generation mobile communications, chosen for their potential to drive economic growth and strategic importance [11][19]. - These industries are expected to contribute significantly to China's high-tech sector, with the goal of achieving a "doubling" of high-tech industries over the next decade [18][19]. - The selection of these industries considers their original innovation potential, market prospects, and alignment with national security needs [11][19]. Group 3: Policy and Investment Strategies - The government is advised to adopt a differentiated approach to funding and policy support for traditional, strategic emerging, and future industries, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively without neglecting any sector [9][10]. - The establishment of a guiding fund for future industries is recommended to attract private investment while managing risks associated with high uncertainty in these sectors [22][23]. - The focus on nurturing "unicorn" and "gazelle" companies is essential for fostering innovation and ensuring a dynamic ecosystem that supports both large enterprises and startups [24][23]. Group 4: Technological Innovation and Social Impact - The plan highlights the importance of integrating social considerations into technological innovation, particularly regarding the impact of artificial intelligence on employment and income distribution [31][37]. - A balanced approach is necessary to ensure that technological advancements do not exacerbate social inequalities, aligning with the broader goals of shared prosperity and sustainable development [37][38]. - The governance of artificial intelligence must evolve through interdisciplinary collaboration to address its societal implications effectively [38].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of transforming traditional industries through intelligent upgrades, green development, and integrated innovation to seize opportunities in the new technological revolution and industrial transformation [1][2]. - Traditional industries are considered the foundation of China's manufacturing sector, and their revitalization relies on smart upgrades, including equipment replacement, automation, and production line changes [1]. - Green development is highlighted as a crucial strategy, focusing on energy-saving technologies, green products, and sustainable supply chains [1]. - Integrated innovation is essential for fostering deep connections between advanced manufacturing and modern services, encouraging companies to transition into comprehensive service providers [1]. Group 2 - Emerging industries are identified as the growth engine of China's manufacturing sector, with a focus on strengthening innovation in fields such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy [2]. - The development of emerging industries is driven by application scenarios, which provide testing grounds for new technologies and products, exploring viable business models [2]. - The establishment of an innovative ecosystem is crucial for the large-scale development of emerging industries, involving the construction of innovation facilities, R&D, and product upgrades [2]. - The outlook for the 14th Five-Year Plan includes a dual drive for optimizing traditional industries and nurturing emerging industries, leveraging the advantages of a new national system [2].

Core Insights - In 2024, China's GDP is projected to exceed 134.9 trillion yuan, maintaining its position as the world's second-largest economy for five consecutive years, contributing over 30% to global economic growth [2] - The resilience of the Chinese economy is attributed to the systematic advantages of the socialist system, strategic innovation-driven initiatives, and the deep logic of reform and opening up [2] Group 1: Stability Foundations - The leadership of the Communist Party provides fundamental guarantees for long-term economic stability through top-level design and policy continuity, with a GDP growth target of 5% for 2024 reflecting effective policy determination [2][4] - A coordinated policy system of "fiscal + monetary + industrial" has been established, with 3.9 trillion yuan in new special bonds and a 1 trillion yuan long-term special government bond aimed at new infrastructure and livelihood sectors [2][4] - The socialist market economy's advantages are evident in key areas, with state-owned enterprise reforms leading to a 25% revenue share from strategic emerging industries and private investment growth rebounding to 6.8% in 2024 [4] Group 2: Momentum for Progress - Technological breakthroughs are leading to industrial leaps, with quantum computing advancements and a projected production of over 13 million new energy vehicles in 2024, alongside a 40% increase in investment in future industries [5][6] - Supply-side reforms are enhancing internal dynamics, with manufacturing investment growing by 7% and high-tech manufacturing value-added increasing by 8.9% [6] - The open economy is deepening the dual circulation pattern, with total import and export volume reaching 43.85 trillion yuan and foreign direct investment in high-tech industries accounting for 42% of total foreign investment [7] Group 3: Challenges and Solutions - Structural contradictions remain, with real estate development investment declining by 8.5% and an increasing pension gap due to demographic changes, necessitating innovative solutions in pension finance [8] - External pressures include geopolitical risks in critical sectors and a need for market diversification as major economies face prolonged low PMI readings [8] - High institutional costs persist, with a 2.3 percentage point loan interest rate gap between state-owned and private enterprises, and over 300 market access restrictions being cleared in 2024 [9] Group 4: Future Outlook - The implementation of a "new type of national system 2.0" aims to establish a 200 billion yuan future industry fund to tackle over 10 critical technologies [10] - Aiming for a 22% share of non-fossil energy consumption and the commercialization of carbon capture technology, the goal is to create 100 zero-carbon parks with green bond issuance targeting 2 trillion yuan [11] - The income gap is expected to narrow to 2.15, with the middle-income group expanding to 500 million people and over 90% coverage of digital rural areas [12]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Science and Technology will strengthen the breakthrough of key core technologies and their transformation into practical applications, aiming to drive the cultivation of major scenarios through systematic efforts [1] Group 1: Key Initiatives - The Ministry will coordinate with relevant departments to enhance the systematic and comprehensive capability for tackling key core technologies [1] - A new type of national system will be established to promote decisive breakthroughs in key areas of technology [1] - Emphasis will be placed on national strategic needs, with the implementation of significant national science and technology tasks [1] Group 2: Implementation Strategy - The organization and implementation of major national science and technology tasks will focus on integrating research and application [1] - The approach will involve simultaneous design, promotion, and assessment of technology development, achievement transformation, standard formulation, and industry cultivation [1]

科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。当前世界百年变局加速演 进，科技成为大国博弈主战场。党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发 展第十五个五年规划的建议》（以下简称《建议》），对"加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生 产力"作出战略部署。 良性循环 科技创新和产业创新，是发展新质生产力的基本路径。《建议》提出了一系列举措，包括加快重大科技 成果高效转化应用、强化企业科技创新主体地位等，要求推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合。 上海财经大学校长刘元春指出，目前，在基础研发方面，企业的投入不足。"十五五"时期，必须为科创 企业向创新链前端延伸创造良好政策环境和金融环境，真正推动科创生态进一步升级，推动科技自立自 强进入新阶段。 在近日出版的《〈中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议〉辅导读本》中，科 技部部长阴和俊提出，构建与科技型企业全生命周期融资需求更相适应的多元化、接力式金融服务体 系，加强对国家重大科技任务和科技型中小企业的金融支持。 一方面，《建议》提出加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，发挥新型举国体制优势；另一方面，《建 议》明确推 ...

Core Viewpoint - The seminar on "State-Owned Economy" highlighted the significant role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China's economic transformation, emphasizing their contributions to national strategic missions and the stability of the economic environment for private enterprises [2][3]. Group 1: Role of State-Owned Enterprises - SOEs serve as a leading force in fulfilling national tasks and strategic missions, playing a crucial role in the transformation of the Chinese economy by focusing on safety, foresight, and public service industries [2]. - The essence of state capital in a socialist market economy reflects public, strategic, and instrumental characteristics, distinguishing it from Western notions of state capital as merely a market supplement [2]. - SOEs are described as "cornerstone organizations" that integrate economic functions, political responsibilities, and social construction, demonstrating strong mobilization and organizational capabilities [2]. Group 2: Innovation and Development - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, SOEs have significantly enhanced their innovation capabilities, becoming key players in overcoming critical core technology challenges [3]. - SOEs are encouraged to strengthen their mission, build an innovation ecosystem, optimize resource allocation, and increase basic research investment to enhance their innovation capacity [3]. - There is a need to explore new theories for fair market competition participation by SOEs and to improve their role in ESG practices [3]. Group 3: Value and Governance - Current issues of undervaluation of SOEs necessitate the establishment of a new value assessment system that reflects their social value under multiple objectives [3]. - SOEs should focus on strategic security, industry leadership, and public service functions to optimize the layout of state capital and enhance its value [3]. - Governance reforms in SOEs should aim to clarify the boundaries of various governance entities, improve board authorization mechanisms, and promote digital transformation in corporate governance [3].

Core Viewpoint - The transition from the "14th Five-Year Plan" to the "15th Five-Year Plan" represents a significant leap in China's modernization, focusing on enhancing technological self-reliance and quality self-strengthening [1][5]. Summary by Sections 14th Five-Year Plan Achievements - The "14th Five-Year Plan" positioned innovation at the core of China's modernization, emphasizing technological self-reliance as a strategic support for national development [2]. - It recognized the profound changes in international circumstances and technological landscapes, necessitating the mastery of key technologies and core capabilities through independent innovation [2][3]. - Major achievements in various fields such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and quantum information reflect a significant enhancement in China's technological capabilities [4]. Transition to the 15th Five-Year Plan - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to significantly improve the level of technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system [5][6]. - The focus will shift from merely having capabilities to evaluating the quality and strength of these capabilities, aiming for leadership in more sectors [5][6]. - The plan emphasizes the need for a new growth model driven by original innovation and high-value-added technologies, moving away from traditional resource inputs [6][10]. Key Areas of Focus - Quantum technology is highlighted as a critical area for observing the transition from self-reliance to self-strengthening, with significant investments and advancements in quantum computing and communication [7][8]. - The plan outlines the need to explore future industries such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, and hydrogen energy, aiming to transform cutting-edge technologies into new economic growth points [8][9]. Collaborative Mechanisms - A comprehensive mechanism integrating education, technology, and talent is proposed to cultivate high-level talent aligned with national strategic needs [9]. - The role of enterprises in technological innovation will be strengthened, encouraging them to lead national technological challenges and enhance their investment in basic research [9][10]. Future Directions - The "15th Five-Year Plan" is seen as a new chapter in China's modernization, requiring a balance between maintaining safety through self-reliance and enhancing global competitiveness through quality self-strengthening [10][11]. - The plan aims to transform foundational achievements from the "14th Five-Year Plan" into comprehensive national competitiveness, focusing on controllable key areas and autonomous core technologies [11].