本文字数：1744，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林靖 封图 | AI生成 2025.12. 04 11月28日，宁波东方理工大学正式揭牌成立。11月29日举行的宁波东方理工大学首届高等教育论 坛，将一批新型研究型大学聚到了一起。 福建福耀科技大学校长王树国表示，新型研究型大学之所以诞生，是一个时代之必然。新型研究型大 学就是要做现在一些好大学还没做、不想做、不愿做或不能做的事情。新型研究型大学要重构知识体 系。"并非只有我们需要重构，是所有大学都要重构，只是新型研究型大学要率先走一步。"因为新 型研究型大学是"轻骑兵""排头兵"，没有负担，任务就是要解决这个问题。 根据媒体报道，中国科学院院士、西湖大学校长施一公表示，新型研究型大学是崭新的实践，'新 型'指的是制度之新、改革之新、创新之新。施一公表示，新型研究型大学，它是一条'鲇鱼'，又不 只是'鲇鱼'。它应该是'催化剂'，应该是'火种'。它不以规模取胜，但它的改革为中国高等教育带来 一些启发、激励一些创新、探出一条新路。 继2025年首次走出浙江，面向上海、江苏、河南、广东、重庆三省两市招收本科生后，2026年，西 湖大学将继续"向北"，面向山 ...

新型研究型大学发展进入了快车道。 继2025年首次走出浙江，面向上海、江苏、河南、广东、重庆三省两市招收本科生后，2026年，西湖大 学将继续"向北"，面向山东开展综合评价招生。 西湖大学面向山东的招生专业为数学与应用数学、物理学、化学、材料科学与工程、电子信息工程、人 工智能、生物科学、临床医学。西湖大学12月3日公布了该消息。 此前的4月29日，西湖大学宣布，经审批，在浙江省"创新班"招生试点的基础上，2025年将首次面向上 海、江苏、河南、广东、重庆等5个省市招收本科生。面向上海、江苏和广东开展综合评价招生，面向 河南和重庆通过普通高考招生。 新型研究型大学以创新治理模式、人才培养模式和科研组织形式为突破口，以科学技术研究为主要任 务，具有高起点、投入大、高水平、国际化等特点。新型研究型大学也成为越来越多高分考生的选择。 例如，今年是福建福耀科技大学、宁波东方理工大学、大湾区大学这些新大学本科招生第一年，录取分 数线就比肩985高校，甚至超过了不少985名校。 厦门大学经济学系副教授丁长发对第一财经分析，以我国的人口规模和需求来说，当前此类新型研究型 大学还是比较少的，未来可以鼓励各地和更多民营企业家创 ...

Core Viewpoint - Fuyao Group's founder, Cao Dewang, visited Ningbo to discuss the establishment of an industrial research institute, highlighting the strong industrial foundation and collaboration potential between Fuyao and Ningbo [1][2]. Group 1: Industrial Collaboration - Fuyao is the largest automotive glass supplier in China, holding a global market share of approximately 34% and a domestic market share of about 68% [4]. - Ningbo is a major city for automotive parts, with over 5,000 automotive parts companies and more than 40 listed companies, including local champions that rank among the top global automotive parts suppliers [4][6]. - Cao Dewang's visit included tours of several companies, emphasizing the importance of industry-academia collaboration to drive research and development [3][4]. Group 2: Educational Transformation - Ningbo is addressing its educational shortcomings by establishing new research-oriented universities, with significant investments from both the government and private sector [9][10]. - The Ningbo Oriental Institute of Technology and Fuyao Technology University have been approved, with substantial funding aimed at creating high-quality educational institutions that align with local industrial needs [9][10]. - These institutions have high admission scores, indicating a focus on attracting top talent, which is essential for supporting local industry upgrades [9][10]. Group 3: Research and Development Initiatives - Ningbo has established over 70 various industrial technology research institutes, focusing on key sectors such as digital industry, automotive manufacturing, and artificial intelligence [12]. - The city has set ambitious goals for technological self-reliance and innovation, which are crucial for its economic development and educational transformation [12].

Core Insights - The number of vocational undergraduate institutions in China has reached 87, reflecting a growing trend in vocational education [1][5] - Changes in population structure are driving a transformation in the allocation of educational resources, with primary school enrollment peaking in 2023 and higher education age population expected to peak in 2032 [2] - The Ministry of Education is focusing on reforming higher education classification and regional structure to align with national strategic needs, particularly in emerging fields like AI and renewable energy [3][4] Group 1: Educational Trends - The current population development in China shows new characteristics, with primary school enrollment peaking in 2023, and secondary education expected to peak in the coming years [2] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for educational resource allocation mechanisms that adapt to population changes [2] - There is a significant increase in the establishment of new colleges and programs focused on high-demand fields, indicating a shift towards meeting market needs [3][4] Group 2: Vocational Education - Vocational undergraduate institutions are gaining popularity, with some institutions achieving admission scores comparable to top-tier universities [5] - The rise in vocational education is attributed to the competitive nature of programs and favorable employment prospects, leading to higher admission scores [5] - There is a growing trend of university graduates returning to vocational schools, highlighting the need for higher education institutions to adapt their programs to market demands [6]

Group 1 - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is increasingly attracting high-scoring students, with institutions like Fujian Fuyou University and Ningbo Oriental Institute of Technology achieving admission scores comparable to or exceeding those of established 985 universities [2] - Traditional universities are facing challenges due to a proliferation of diverse and sometimes misaligned programs, prompting a need for adaptation to economic and societal demands through the introduction of new programs and the discontinuation of less relevant ones [2] Group 2 - A growing number of universities are discontinuing or suspending certain programs, including notable 985 universities, as evidenced by East China Normal University's announcement of 24 programs being phased out by 2025 [3] - Shandong University has also reported a reduction in its program offerings, with 27 programs, including Financial Engineering and Civil Engineering, being suspended, while introducing new programs such as Engineering Software and Sports Training [3] Group 3 - Several "Double First-Class" universities are establishing new colleges focused on cutting-edge technologies and emerging industries, such as artificial intelligence and quantum technology, to align with national strategic needs [1] - Northwest A&F University has established the first Artificial Intelligence and Robotics College among agricultural and forestry universities in China, highlighting the trend of specialized institutions responding to technological advancements [1]

Core Insights - The Chinese government aims to enhance the quality and expand the scale of undergraduate education, with a focus on increasing enrollment in high-quality institutions [2][3] Group 1: Expansion of Quality Undergraduate Education - The government plans to continue expanding the enrollment scale of quality undergraduate programs, targeting an increase of 20,000 students this year following last year's increase of 16,000 [2][3] - Major universities, including Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, have announced plans to increase their undergraduate enrollment by 150 students each [3] Group 2: Focus on Strategic Fields - The expansion of quality undergraduate programs will prioritize fields aligned with national strategic needs, particularly in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, and biomedicine [3][5] - New research-oriented universities are emerging, attracting high-scoring students and competing with traditional prestigious institutions [4] Group 3: Curriculum and Professional Development - The Ministry of Education has issued guidelines to optimize professional settings based on national strategies and market demands, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and emerging professional fields [5] - Universities are encouraged to develop programs in strategic emerging industries, including AI, biotechnology, and renewable energy, to meet national talent needs [5] Group 4: New Campuses and Facilities - Several top-tier universities are establishing new campuses to accommodate the growing enrollment and focus on interdisciplinary studies [6] - For instance, Huazhong Normal University is developing a new campus that will focus on key areas such as AI and integrated circuits, aiming to cultivate innovative talent [6]

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new research universities in China is seen as a response to the need for educational reform and the cultivation of innovative talents, aligning with national strategies for technological advancement and economic development [1][4]. Group 1: Characteristics of New Research Universities - New research universities have distinct educational models, focusing on interdisciplinary integration and the establishment of new knowledge systems, which sets them apart from traditional universities [1][3]. - These universities are primarily located in economically developed regions and offer popular majors, contributing to their successful enrollment rates [1][2]. - The teaching and research performance of these institutions remains to be evaluated over time [1]. Group 2: Educational Approaches - New research universities emphasize a high student-to-faculty ratio and flexible course designs to attract students with solid foundations and interests in technological innovation [2]. - Institutions like Guangdong's Greater Bay Area University and West Lake University implement innovative educational strategies, such as open-ended questions and mentorship programs, to foster socially responsible and innovative talents [1][2]. Group 3: Research Focus and Collaboration - These universities aim to cultivate talents needed for national strategies and regional industrial development, focusing on cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence and biological sciences [3]. - They promote interdisciplinary collaboration by breaking down departmental barriers and establishing cross-disciplinary research centers, enhancing the foundation for future research endeavors [3]. Group 4: Role in Higher Education Reform - The development of new research universities is seen as a necessary diversification in higher education, especially as China moves towards a more inclusive educational system [4]. - These institutions are expected to serve as experimental grounds for educational reforms, providing valuable insights and replicable models for the broader higher education landscape [4][5]. - The focus on innovative educational models and the cultivation of top-tier talents positions new research universities as key players in enhancing the effectiveness of higher education [5].

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is reshaping higher education in China, demonstrating a competitive yet complementary relationship with traditional universities, and aiming to drive educational reform through innovative practices and flexible mechanisms [1][4][5]. Group 1: New Research-Oriented Universities - New research-oriented universities like Shenzhen University of Technology and Fuyou University have surpassed traditional universities in admission scores, indicating their growing influence [1]. - These universities are seen as "sharp knives" in educational reform, focusing on specific missions that align with societal needs and innovation [1][5]. - Fuyou University emphasizes a flexible management structure, allowing it to respond quickly to social demands, which is a significant advantage over traditional public universities [5][6]. Group 2: Leadership and Management - Fuyou University has appointed a professional president, Wang Shuguo, who advocates for a management style akin to that of private enterprises, enhancing the university's responsiveness to market needs [5][9]. - The introduction of professional leadership in new universities is a trend, as seen with Ningbo Oriental University of Technology, which has also appointed a renowned academician as its president [8][9]. Group 3: Curriculum and Industry Integration - Fuyou University has adopted an integrated eight-year program for undergraduate and postgraduate education, focusing on fields like artificial intelligence and robotics, which require rapid knowledge updates and interdisciplinary research [6][9]. - Both Fuyou University and Ningbo Oriental University are establishing partnerships with leading enterprises to create joint laboratories, enhancing practical training and aligning academic programs with industry needs [9][10]. Group 4: Regional Economic Context - Shenzhen and Ningbo are both manufacturing powerhouses with aspirations for top-tier universities, reflecting a broader trend of cities investing in higher education to support economic growth [10][11]. - The establishment of new universities in these regions is seen as a critical step towards achieving high-quality development and addressing the gap in higher education resources compared to other cities [10][11][15].

Core Insights - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is reshaping higher education in China, with institutions like Shenzhen University of Technology and Fuyou University achieving high admission scores, surpassing traditional universities in some cases [1][2] - New universities are seen as a part of educational reform rather than direct competitors to traditional institutions, aiming to provide innovative experiences that can be scaled nationally [1][3] Group 1: New University Developments - Fuyou University, established with social funding, is expected to adopt a flexible management model, allowing it to respond quickly to societal needs [2][4] - The university's first four undergraduate programs are closely aligned with national strategic needs and advanced manufacturing talent requirements [2][5] - Ningbo Oriental University of Technology also had a successful first year, with its admission scores closely competing with Zhejiang University, indicating strong demand for its programs [3][6] Group 2: Educational Innovation and Industry Collaboration - Fuyou University has established partnerships with leading companies to create joint laboratories, enhancing its practical education approach [4][5] - The integration of industry needs into academic programs is a common theme among new universities, with a focus on fields like integrated circuits and intelligent manufacturing [4][6] - Shenzhen University of Technology emphasizes a model of "integration of science and education" and "integration of industry and education," linking closely with local industries [6][7] Group 3: Regional Economic Context - Shenzhen and Ningbo are both manufacturing powerhouses with aspirations for high-quality higher education, reflecting a trend of cities investing in educational infrastructure to support economic growth [5][6] - The GDP of Shenzhen is projected to reach 3.68 trillion yuan, with a growth rate of 5.8%, while Ningbo's GDP is expected to be 1.81 trillion yuan, growing at 5.4% [5][6] - The establishment of new universities is seen as a critical step in addressing the educational needs of these rapidly growing urban economies [6][7]

Core Insights - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is reshaping higher education in China, with institutions like Shenzhen University of Technology and Fuyao University achieving high admission scores, surpassing traditional universities in some cases [1][3] - New universities are seen as a part of educational reform, aiming to provide innovative experiences that can be scaled nationally, thus reducing risks associated with large-scale reforms [1][3] Group 1: New University Developments - Fuyao University, backed by private funding, is adopting a flexible management model with a professional president to enhance responsiveness to societal needs [3][4] - The establishment of new universities like Ningbo Oriental University of Technology reflects a trend where private enterprises invest in education, aiming to create institutions that can adapt quickly to market demands [7][8] Group 2: Educational Strategies - Fuyao University is implementing an integrated eight-year program for undergraduate and postgraduate education, focusing on fields with rapid knowledge evolution such as artificial intelligence and robotics [4] - Both Fuyao and Ningbo Oriental universities are aligning their programs with national strategic needs and advanced manufacturing talent requirements, indicating a strong connection between education and industry [3][7] Group 3: Regional Economic Context - Shenzhen and Ningbo are both manufacturing powerhouses with significant GDP growth, highlighting the need for high-quality higher education to support their economic ambitions [9][12] - The local governments are actively supporting the development of these new universities, recognizing their potential to contribute to regional innovation and economic development [9][12] Group 4: Future Aspirations - Ningbo Oriental University aims to become a top 20 university nationally, leveraging local resources and expertise to enhance its educational offerings [9][11] - The concept of "boundaryless" education is being promoted in Shenzhen, with a focus on integrating education, technology, and industry to foster innovation [11][12]