光明日报记者 杨舒 "你看这棉花，根扎得越深，铃结得越实。" 进入12月，天山脚下新一季棉花的采收已全部结束。在实验室里，中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心 （以下简称"西部中心"）高品质棉花创新团队首席科学家宋美珍向记者展示着各式各样的棉铃。 今年59岁的宋美珍，13年前将研究重点投向新疆棉花，4年前更是举家从河南搬到新疆。为扛起国家"百 千万工程"高产攻关重任，她带领团队反复验证并深入推广"减密壮株、水肥协同"技术。2024年，项目 核心示范区单产突破750公斤，棉农们直赞叹："宋老师的'科技棉'，比老把式更靠谱！" 这只是中国农业科学院专家支援新疆发展的一个缩影。记者了解到，作为农业科技"国家队"，近年来， 该院依托西部中心，组建了高品质棉花生产模式、作物生物安全与防控等16支创新团队，把百余项技术 成果转化运用到新疆这片热土。 而对于正处"当打之年"的中青年科研人员，新疆更显得魅力无限。 生于1976年的北京畜牧兽医研究所研究员侯绍华，是位"牛专家"，也带领团队来新疆扎下了根。 侯绍华团队为新疆带来了自主培育的"华西牛"。该肉牛新品种生长速度快、屠宰率高、净肉率高，综合 生产性能达到国际先进水平。在伊犁州 ...

今年3月6日，空军军医大学西京医院团队成功为一名69岁终末期肾病患者实施了亚洲首例、全球第五例 基因编辑猪肾移植手术。移植所用供体猪是由成都中科奥格自主研发并培育的DPF级（无指定病原体） 六基因编辑猪。 该供体猪敲除了3个引发超急性及急性排斥的关键抗原基因，同时转入3个人类蛋白基因（2个补体调节 蛋白基因和1个凝血调节蛋白基因），从源头抑制免疫攻击并预防凝血紊乱。相较于国际上一些更复杂 的基因编辑方案，这一"6基因编辑"路径以更少的修饰数量，实现了可与之媲美的临床效果，展现出明 确的技术特色。 术后，供体猪肾迅速发挥功能，患者成功摆脱透析治疗。尽管患者后期因自身并发症导致肾功能恶化， 移植肾在第261天被摘除，但长达261天的稳定工作期，已远超早期临床预期，为全球异种移植研究提供 了极其宝贵的长期数据。 本报讯 （成都日报锦观新闻记者 黄雪松） 日前，《科学》杂志公布其评选的2025年度十大科学突破。 其中，在异种移植刷新纪录篇章，来自成都创新团队的一项突破被提及。"在中国，一名女性移植的仅 改造6个基因的猪肾也维持了几乎同样长的时间。"《科学》杂志在相关论述中所提及的基因编辑供体 猪，来自成都中科奥格生物 ...

方科技大学 图 据澳门科技大学官网12月19日消息，澳门科技大学任命朱健康为第五任校长，他将于2026年1月履新。 朱健康 南 朱健康，国际著名分子遗传学家和植物生物学家。1987年毕业于北京农业大学土化系，1993年获得美国 普渡大学植物生理学博士学位。2000年受聘美国亚利桑那大学植物科学系教授。曾任加州大学河边分校 整合基因组学研究所所长，沙特KAUST大学植物逆境基因组中心主任，美国普渡大学生物化学系和园 艺及园林系杰出教授，中国科学院上海植物逆境生物学研究中心主任。曾获Charles Albert Shull奖和 Herbert Newby McCoy奖。2010年当选为美国科学院院士。 朱健康主要从事新型CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术的开发和应用（生物育种、分子检测和基因治疗）、表 观遗传学（DNA甲基化和去甲基化）、植物逆境生物学（植物对干旱、高盐、低温等非生物胁迫的应 答机理）和新型生物刺激剂开发等方面的研究。目前为止， 在Cell、Nature、Science、Nature Biotechnology 等主流学术期刊发表论文超过550篇，其中Cell、Nature、Science 论文18 ...

Group 1: Renewable Energy Breakthrough - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with renewable energy surpassing traditional energy sources in 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation exceeded coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth covering the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China produces approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries, maintaining a significant cost advantage [1] Group 2: Other Scientific Breakthroughs - The other nine scientific breakthroughs include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new drugs for gonorrhea, and significant findings in cancer cell behavior [2] - Notable achievements also include the construction of a telescope in Chile aimed at advancing new astronomy, research on the Denisovans, and breakthroughs in heat-resistant rice [2] Group 3: Future Scientific Events - The article anticipates major breakthroughs in AI-driven scientific research in 2026, with the potential for significant scientific advancements achieved with minimal human intervention [3] - In the biomedical field, two clinical trials for personalized gene therapies for rare genetic diseases are expected to start, along with a cancer detection trial that could identify around 50 types of cancer through a single blood test [3] - Space exploration will be active in 2026, with China's Chang'e 7 mission targeting the lunar south pole and NASA's Artemis 2 mission planned for a crewed lunar flyby [3][4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy is experiencing unprecedented growth, with China leading this significant transition, as highlighted by the recognition of "Global Renewable Energy Growth" as the top scientific breakthrough of 2025 by *Science* magazine [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation surpassed coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth rates sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China's strong industrial system is identified as the main driver of this trend, producing approximately 80% of solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries globally, while also maintaining a cost advantage [1] Group 2 - The article mentions that China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by *Science* magazine include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2] - Research on the Denisovans and heat-resistant rice, led by Chinese research teams, is also highlighted among the top breakthroughs [2]

Group 1 - The article highlights significant scientific events to watch for in 2026, focusing on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), gene editing, and space exploration [1] - AI-driven scientific research is expected to achieve major breakthroughs, with the potential for AI "agents" that integrate multiple large language models to be widely applied, requiring minimal human intervention [1] - In the biomedicine sector, gene editing technology is progressing rapidly, with two clinical trials anticipated to start next year aimed at developing personalized gene therapies for children with rare genetic diseases [1] Group 2 - The article notes that 2026 will be a busy year for lunar exploration, with China planning to launch the Chang'e 7 probe to land near the Moon's south pole, and NASA's Artemis 2 mission set to send four astronauts on a lunar flyby [2] - Japan plans to launch a Mars satellite probe to visit the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, while the European Space Agency aims to launch the Plato space telescope to monitor over 200,000 stars [2] - The article also mentions significant upgrades to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN for future high-intensity experiments and the completion of the Mu2e detector at Fermilab to explore the mysteries of the muon particle [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with significant advancements expected in 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass coal for the first time, driven by rapid growth in solar and wind energy, which is sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China continues to expand its dominance in solar cells, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage, solidifying its leadership in global renewable energy production and related technologies [1] Group 2 - Approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries are produced in China, which holds a significant cost advantage [1] - China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by the journal include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2]

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation, surpassing fossil fuels in total output [2] - China is a key player in this transition, significantly expanding solar panel, wind turbine, and lithium battery storage systems, solidifying its global leadership [2] - The low-cost manufacturing in China has facilitated the rapid adoption of small rooftop photovoltaic systems, providing reliable and economical energy for millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in treating a rare genetic disease in a human patient, marking a significant milestone for personalized gene therapy [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, representing the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - A key gene, QT12, has been identified by Chinese researchers to help rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to a 78% increase in yield under such conditions [13] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of the Harbin ancient human remains has confirmed them as Denisovans, providing insights into their appearance and lineage [9] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will enable unprecedented astronomical observations, potentially leading to discoveries of new celestial bodies and insights into dark matter and energy [8] Group 4: Advances in Physics and Transplantation - The final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly has achieved unprecedented precision, enhancing the understanding of particle physics [11] - Significant breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been made, with genetically engineered pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, moving closer to clinical application [12] Group 5: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving breakthroughs in mathematics, chemistry, and biology, thus enhancing research efficiency and discovery [10]

今年，两种新型淋病药物在大规模临床试验中表现出色，获美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准，成为 数十年来首批针对该病的新药。 最新一期美国《科学》杂志公布了2025年度十大科学突破评选结果。其中，全球可再生能源在中国的引 领下迅猛发展位列榜首，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所和河北地质大学联合发现哈尔滨古人类 是丹尼索瓦人、华中农业大学团队发现水稻耐高温"基因开关"两项成果亦榜上有名。 中国引领全球可再生能源发展 《科学》杂志指出，今年以来，全球可再生能源以太阳能和风能为主快速增长，其新增发电量已覆盖上 半年全球新增用电，并在总量上超过化石能源。中国是推动这一转型的关键力量，通过大规模发展太阳 能电池板、风力发电机和锂电池储能系统，巩固了全球领先地位。 同时，依托中国低成本制造，小型屋顶光伏系统在全球快速普及，为欧洲、南亚及"全球南方"的数百万 家庭提供可靠、经济的能源保障。 定制化基因编辑用于治疗罕见病 5月，美国费城儿童医院与宾夕法尼亚大学医学院研究团队成功为一名患有罕见遗传病的婴儿实施了定 制化基因编辑治疗。这是基因疗法首次在人类患者中实现定制化临床应用，为开发针对其他罕见病的定 制化基因疗法奠定了基础 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights seven significant scientific breakthroughs in 2025, showcasing advancements in gene editing, renewable energy, species protection, and disease control, which collectively instill confidence in the future of humanity [1]. Group 1: Species Protection - Several endangered species have shown significant population recovery in 2025, including the green sea turtle, which has been downgraded from "endangered" to "least concern" due to effective protection measures [5]. - The Antechinus, a small marsupial in Australia, has also recovered from near extinction to "least concern," with its habitat expanding by 48,000 square kilometers despite challenges like drought [5]. - The United Nations' High Seas Treaty, approved by over 60 countries, aims to protect biodiversity in international waters and secure at least 30% of land and marine areas [6]. Group 2: Ozone Layer Recovery - The Antarctic ozone hole has shrunk to its smallest size since 2019, indicating ongoing recovery of the Earth's protective upper atmosphere [7]. - The average annual size of the ozone hole has been decreasing since the 1987 Montreal Protocol, with hopes for complete recovery by the late 2060s if climate-friendly alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons are pursued [9]. Group 3: Gene Editing Advances - 2025 is marked as a breakthrough year for gene editing, with significant medical achievements including a Huntington's disease gene therapy that reduced cognitive decline by 75% [11]. - A CAR-T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed substantial remission rates in clinical trials, and personalized CRISPR technology was tested for the first time on individuals [11][12]. - These advancements pave the way for developing mutation-specific strategies for rare diseases, highlighting collaboration between academia and industry [12]. Group 4: Renewable Energy Growth - Renewable energy surpassed coal for the first time in 2025, becoming the largest energy source globally, largely due to China's installation of 1 terawatt of solar power capacity [14]. - In the first half of 2025, China installed 256 gigawatts of solar systems, double the total installed in other regions [14]. - The EU sourced about half of its electricity from renewable energy in the second and third quarters, with expectations of nearly 4,600 gigawatts of renewable capacity added between 2025 and 2030 [16]. Group 5: Disease Control - The Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was contained within 42 days, with 64 reported cases, thanks to rapid response and vaccination efforts [18]. - The World Health Organization approved the first malaria treatment for infants, which could significantly reduce malaria deaths among children under five [20]. - A new anti-malarial drug, Ganaplacide-Lumefantrine, showed a 97.4% success rate in treating malaria in clinical trials, potentially becoming the first new anti-malarial drug approved since 1999 [20]. Group 6: Allergy Reduction - Research indicates a significant decrease in peanut allergy rates among American children, with a 43% reduction in prevalence among children under three compared to 2012 [22]. - The approach of introducing infants to peanut products at four months old has been shown to greatly reduce the likelihood of developing allergies [22].