当美军F-35战机还在用中国稀土造的永磁电机炫技时，五角大楼突然发现自家导弹生产线快断粮了——中国今年初对7种中重稀土实施出口管制，硬生生卡 住了美国军工的七寸。今儿咱们就掰开揉碎看看，全球稀土储量前六名都是谁？没了中国稀土，美国能找谁续命？ 您瞅这榜单：中国4400万吨稳坐头把交椅，越南2200万吨、巴西2100万吨分列二三，俄罗斯1000万吨、印度690万吨、澳大利亚570万吨紧随其后。这六个国 家攥着全球八成的稀土家底，可要论真能顶事的，还得看中国脸色。 越南的尴尬处境 越南的稀土储量看着挺唬人，可去年产量才600吨，连中国零头都够不上。为啥？这哥们儿轻稀土储量占九成，挖出来的矿石跟大白菜似的卖不上价，重稀 土矿又卡在北部山区开不动工。更绝的是越南提炼技术还停留在石器时代，去年刚建成的磁铁生产线，核心设备还是从中国淘的二手货。五角大楼派人考察 完直嘬牙花子："这哪是稀土矿？分明是埋着定时炸弹的土堆！" 毛熊的1000万吨稀土全藏在西伯利亚冻土带，零下50度的极寒天气能把采矿车冻成冰雕。更绝的是俄乌开战后，美国自己签的制裁令卡了脖子——想买俄罗 斯稀土？先问问国会山那帮老爷们同不同意！去年俄军工企业偷摸从 ...

Core Insights - Rare earth elements play a crucial role in global technology and military sectors, with recent export restrictions from China causing significant market reactions and price surges, particularly in Europe where dysprosium prices tripled in two weeks [1][4] - The restrictions are part of China's strategic adjustment in the rare earth industry, aiming to regulate mining practices and promote high-end industry transformation, which has led to substantial price volatility and concerns among Western nations [4][7] Group 1 - Rare earth elements, despite being termed "rare," are not scarce in the Earth's crust but are difficult to extract due to their dispersed distribution and complex refining processes [4] - China dominates the global rare earth supply, accounting for approximately 70% of mining output and over 90% of processing capacity, making it challenging for other countries to quickly establish alternative supply chains [4][7] - The illegal mining and smuggling of rare earths have disrupted market order, with illicitly sourced materials often entering legitimate product channels, negatively impacting legal businesses [5] Group 2 - Environmental challenges in rare earth mining are evident, particularly in smaller mines where outdated technology leads to pollution and ecological damage [6] - China's regulatory measures aim to protect resources and promote sustainable industry development, highlighting the importance of responsible resource management in the context of global technological competition [7] - The current focus on rare earths may shift to other critical materials, such as semiconductor components, as countries increasingly prioritize control over essential resources amid intensifying technological rivalry [7]