彭博社8月7日报道，特朗普新关税政策将以直接或间接方式影响拉美不同国家，尽管 对地区企业影响有限，但潜在风险或长期存在。就国家而言，巴西因对前总统博索纳 罗进行政治审判被加征50%高关税。但瑞银认为，由于巴西为相对封闭经济体，其外贸 收入占GDP总值约28%，所受负面影响或有限。2024年，巴对美产品出口400亿美元， 占该国对外出口总额16%，GDP2%。此外，50%关税并未涉及民用飞机、乘用车、橙 汁、铁矿、煤炭和纤维素等巴对美主要出口产品。从汇市表现看，尽管短期内雷亚尔 贬值增加，但年底前有望重新走强。与巴西不同，尽管当前墨西哥在特朗普新关税政 策中仍享有全球低税率待遇，但该国更多面临着来自《美墨加协定》重新审定带来的 诸多不确定性。墨高达85%的产品出口指向美国，该协定成为墨国家经济重要支柱。瑞 银警告称，"漫长的贸易谈判或政治极化将扰乱北美地区投资和一体化发展前景。"智 利、秘鲁和哥伦比亚等所受关税直接影响有限，由于资源富集，这些国家或将市场更 多转向中国，对美形成替代。中美洲和加勒比地区因旅游服务业优势突出，在应对货 物贸易冲击时能够发挥一定缓冲作用。但彭博行业研究认为，"美国经济最终将放缓， 通 ...

Core Points - The Trump administration's new tariff policy, effective from August 7, 2025, imposes "reciprocal tariffs" on over 60 countries, significantly disrupting global trade [1][3] - Tariff rates range from 10% to 41%, with specific high rates for countries like Syria and Myanmar, while traditional allies like Canada and Switzerland face tariffs between 35% and 39% [3] - The policy aims to protect U.S. industries and reduce the trade deficit, targeting key sectors such as semiconductors and pharmaceuticals [3][6] Impact on the U.S. Economy - The new tariffs are projected to increase household expenses by $2,100 to $3,800 annually, disproportionately affecting low-income families [5] - Companies like General Motors and Whirlpool have announced price hikes due to rising raw material costs, with small businesses facing profit reductions of 12% to 15% [5] - The core PCE price index rose by 4.2% year-on-year, raising concerns about potential inflation and the risk of "stagflation" [5] Reactions from Allies and Emerging Markets - Canada and Mexico are directly impacted, with Canada threatening "reciprocal countermeasures" against the tariffs [5] - The EU has signed a temporary agreement but still faces higher tariffs than the WTO's most-favored-nation treatment, leading to accusations of "economic bullying" [5] - Emerging markets are accelerating de-dollarization efforts, with countries like Brazil and India exploring alternative payment mechanisms to reduce reliance on the U.S. [5][9] China's Response and Challenges - Despite appearing to avoid the worst of the tariffs, China faces challenges, including increased costs for exports and a decline in trade volume with the U.S. [6][8] - Chinese companies are adapting by expanding overseas operations and optimizing supply chains to mitigate tariff impacts [8] - Long-term risks remain, as the U.S. continues to push for tariffs on critical sectors like semiconductors and pharmaceuticals, which could affect China's high-end manufacturing [8][10] Global Trade Dynamics - The new tariff policy signifies a shift from rule-based trade to power-based trade, undermining the WTO's dispute resolution mechanisms [9] - The U.S. may see short-term gains in revenue and job creation, but the long-term consequences include weakened international influence and increased tensions with allies [9][10] - The global trade landscape is evolving, with new trade agreements increasingly featuring exclusive tariff clauses, signaling a decline in multilateralism [9]

近日，美国总统特朗普宣布与日本达成最新贸易协议，对进口的日本汽车征收15%的关税。这一税率虽 然低于之前威胁的25%，但远高于原先的2.5%和日本所希望的5%。 面对国内的质疑，日本官员辩称："25%关税是'经济死刑'，15%是'可控的伤痛'。" 这一无奈辩白的背后，折射出日本车企受制于人、委曲求全的命运。由于日本汽车市场规模较小，长期 以来一直将北美地区视为主要目标市场，因此只能在美国贸易保护主义的镣铐下起舞。 日本汽车产业的迅速发展始于第二次世界大战后。当时，日本已通过修理进口美欧汽车、限制整车进 口、装配进口汽车零部件和设备等政策，建立起汽车产业初步发展路径。经过一段时间摸索后，日本确 定以小轿车产业作为其工业发展的龙头，并从资金、设备、原材料和税收等方面给予优惠政策。 与此同时，两次地缘政治冲突给日本车企带来了商机。20世纪50年代，朝鲜战争爆发，彼时弱小艰难的 日本汽车企业通过承接美军订单迅速发展起来。20世纪60年代末，日本轿车产量跃居世界第三位，仅次 于美国和德国。这一时期美国对日本汽车的关税税率还不到10%。 1973年，第一次石油危机爆发，省油耐用的日本轿车在美国市场大受欢迎，市场份额不断提 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. plans to significantly increase import tariffs on Indian products due to India's substantial purchases of Russian oil, which has raised concerns about India's economic security [1][3] - The Indian textile industry, a crucial export sector, faces severe challenges as U.S. tariffs increase costs, leading to reduced orders from American importers and potential job losses for many workers [3] - The Indian pharmaceutical sector, a major global supplier of generic drugs, is also adversely affected as the tariffs diminish price competitiveness in the U.S. market, prompting U.S. healthcare providers to seek alternative sources [3] Group 2 - In response to U.S. pressure, the Indian government is encouraging citizens to buy local products to mitigate the economic impact of global uncertainties, emphasizing India's potential to become the world's third-largest economy [4] - India has criticized the U.S. for its double standards regarding the purchase of Russian oil, highlighting that other countries engaging in similar trade have not faced similar tariff sanctions [4] - Brazil aims to double its trade with India from the current $12 billion, seeking to diversify its trade partnerships and enhance cooperation in sectors like aviation, which could benefit both economies [6] Group 3 - Recent developments indicate a warming trend in China-India relations, with both countries recognizing the importance of their markets and striving for stable trade despite existing tensions [8] - High-level interactions between Indian and Chinese officials, including participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization meetings, reflect India's commitment to strengthening ties with China [8] - The evolving dynamics between India, the U.S., and Brazil, along with adjustments in India-China relations, are likely to influence the political and economic landscape in South Asia and beyond [8]

加拿大广播公司(CBC)报道称，从底特律三大汽车制造商宣布今年将因关税面临数十亿美元的额外成 本，到田纳西州一家不锈钢炊具制造商仅一批货物就被征收7.5万美元的关税，再到咖啡馆因巴西咖啡 豆被加征关税而考虑提高咖啡售价……关税对美国产业链的冲击正快速显现。 平均税率创1934年以来最高纪录 根据7月31日美国白宫公布的行政令，美国将对69个贸易伙伴出口至美国的产品加征高额关税，税率范 围从10%至41%不等。 据美国耶鲁大学预算实验室最新测算，目前美国整体平均关税税率已升至18.3%，创下自1934年以来的 最高纪录。在今年年初，该税率尚在2%至3%之间。 美国《纽约时报》评论指出，特朗普此举标志着美国正在远离以往通过谈判和规则主导的国际贸易体 系，转而推行更为孤立和保护主义的贸易模式。美国康奈尔大学贸易政策教授埃斯瓦尔·普拉萨德将此 称为"全球贸易一体化史上的黑暗一天"。 国际关系学院知识产权与科技安全研究中心副主任、国际政治系讲师孙冰岩对中青报·中青网记者表 示，美国部分加税措施缺乏直接的贸易赤字依据。例如，美国对巴西长期保持贸易顺差，但此次仍对其 商品加征高额关税，反映出政策背后的制造业回流、安全供应链 ...

Group 1: Trade Tariffs Impact - The German Automotive Industry Association (VDA) emphasizes the need for the immediate implementation of the trade agreement between the EU and the US to alleviate the 27.5% tariffs on the automotive sector [1] - The US tariffs have significantly pressured the automotive industry, with the Trump administration's 25% tariffs on cars and a 50% increase in steel and aluminum tariffs since April [1][2] - The automotive industry is experiencing a notable decline in financial forecasts due to tariff impacts, with Volkswagen reporting a $1.5 billion profit reduction in the first half of the year [2][4] Group 2: Financial Performance of Automotive Companies - Volkswagen has adjusted its annual sales forecast from a 5% increase to flat year-over-year, with operating profit margin expectations lowered from 5.5%-6.5% to 4%-5% [2] - Mercedes-Benz has also significantly reduced its profit expectations for 2025, citing a 50% drop in profits in the first half of the year due to tariff impacts [2][4] - Porsche reported a more than 90% drop in operating income in Q2, attributing a €400 million loss to tariffs [6] Group 3: Economic Outlook and Industry Sentiment - The Ifo Institute's data shows a recovery in the automotive industry's business climate index from -31.6 to -23.8, indicating a slight improvement in sentiment despite remaining in negative territory [1][4] - Approximately 30% of companies reported an improved competitive position in the EU market, although uncertainty remains regarding the long-term impact of tariffs [4] - Analysts express concerns that even a reduction in tariffs to 15% would still impose significant costs on German automotive companies [4] Group 4: Production and Investment Challenges - The automotive industry faces challenges in adjusting production strategies due to the capital-intensive nature of manufacturing and the long lead times required for new facilities [7][8] - Companies are hesitant to make long-term investment decisions due to the unpredictable nature of US trade policies, which complicates planning for new factories or product lines [6][7] - The cost of tariffs on vehicles produced in the US can range from $3,500 to $12,000 per vehicle, affecting the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing in North America [7][8]

美国挥舞关税大棒 莫迪回应：不会牺牲国内产业利益 中新网8月8日电 据路透社报道，在美国宣布对印度新一轮加征关税措施后，印度总理莫迪当地时间7日 表示，尽管不答应美方条件会付出代价，但印度不会因此牺牲国内产业利益。 资料图：印度总理莫迪。 报道称，这是莫迪在美国对印度商品征收50%关税后的首次直接回应。 莫迪在新德里表示，印度农民利益"至关重要"，印度不会牺牲国内农业、乳业和渔业利益。 据此前报道，美国总统特朗普8月6日签署行政令，以印度"以直接或间接方式进口俄罗斯石油"为由，对 印度输美产品征收额外的25%关税。这意味着美国对印度总体关税税率将达到50%。 对此，印度方面批评称"不公平、不公正、不合理"。 编辑：万可义 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩财经资讯。 来源：中国新闻网 ...

2025.08. 08 本文字数：1403，阅读时长大约2分钟 据新华社，美国政府此前公布的经过调整的"对等关税"于7日生效。美数十个贸易伙伴将被征收10%至41%不等的关税，其中日本的税率为15%。美 国总统特朗普6日签署行政令，以印度"以直接或间接方式进口俄罗斯石油"为由，对印度输美产品征收额外的25%关税。 面对美国的关税大棒，日本首相石破茂表示，美方没有落实此前达成的协议内容并"强烈要求美方立即采取措施修正总统行政令"；印度总理莫迪表 示，尽管不答应美方条件会付出代价，印度不会因此牺牲国内产业利益。 报道说，美方此前在谈判中承诺，日本在被加征"对等关税"时可获得"税收减轻"，即日本输美商品税率已达15%以上的商品不再加征"对等关税"，税 率低于15%的商品税率提高至15%。 石破茂表示，在这一点上"日美之间不存在分歧"，目前正在美国访问的经济再生大臣赤泽亮正已重新确认了协议内容。 日方认为，由于美国在此前发布的官方公告中未提及对日本的关税细则，导致部分日本商品可能被征收更高关税。 莫迪：不会牺牲国内利益 莫迪7日在新德里表示，尽管不答应美方条件会付出代价，但印度不会因此牺牲国内农业、乳业和渔业利益，因 ...

新华社北京8月7日电（记者于荣）美国政府此前公布的经过调整的"对等关税"于7日生效。美数十 个贸易伙伴将被征收10%至41%不等的关税。连日来，美国虽与多个贸易伙伴达成协议，但在关键细节 上仍存在明显分歧，如何落实面临诸多不确定因素。 国际观察人士认为，美国以自身利益最大化为目标，通过关税手段讹诈他国，在全球范围内招致强 烈反对和质疑。在不少国家眼中，美方强加的协议利益不平衡、细节不明晰，美方加征关税不仅损害贸 易伙伴利益，还破坏多边贸易体制，是经济殖民主义的又一体现，最终将导致美国自身陷入孤立。 不平等的协议 目前，美国仅与英国、越南、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、日本、欧盟、韩国等达成贸易协议。这些协议 都是美国以自身利益最大化为目标，通过政治胁迫和经济讹诈手段达成的。 这是8月5日在加拿大里士满拍摄的弗雷泽河上的木材。加拿大总理卡尼5日宣布，受美国加征关税等因 素影响，政府将提供12亿加元支持加拿大软木材行业发展。新华社发（梁森摄） 协议确定的关税税率已背离美方所谓的"对等"说法：绝大多数贸易伙伴的输美产品将面临15%以上 关税，却无法对进口美国商品征收同等税率的关税，甚至对美国商品免关税。以美欧协议为例，美方将 ...

据报道，巴西总统办公室表示，"两国领导人讨论了国际经济形势及单方面关税的实施。截至目前，巴西和印度是受影响最严重的两个国家。我们确认了捍 卫多边主义的重要性。"双方还在通话中就提高双边贸易额达成共识，并确认卢拉将于2026年初对印度进行国事访问。 莫迪则在社交媒体上发文称，"我与卢拉总统进行了良好的对话……我们致力于深化我们的战略伙伴关系。"路透社称，印度总理办公室在声明中未明确提及 特朗普或美国关税，但印度已开始释放信号，可能寻求重新衡量其全球伙伴关系，以应对特朗普政府对印度商品加征关税的措施。报道称，莫迪正准备进行 其七年来的首次访华，这可能预示着在与美国紧张关系加剧的背景下，印度外交政策将出现调整。 报道提到，在莫迪与卢拉通话前，卢拉在接受路透社采访时表示，他计划与金砖国家其他领导人通话，讨论对美关税应对措施。卢拉还称，他认为目前没有 与美国总统特朗普进行直接谈判的空间，因为那很可能意味着"自取其辱"。 【环球网报道】据路透社报道，印度总理莫迪和巴西总统卢拉8月7日举行电话会谈，两人讨论了包括美国关税等一系列议题。 6日，美国将对巴西的关税也上调至50%，与印度同处其全球最高关税国家之列。特朗普此前将对 ...