Core Viewpoint - Moody's Chief Economist Mark Zandi warns that the probability of the U.S. economy entering a recession within the next twelve months has risen to 48%, indicating a concerningly high level of risk [1][5] Economic Indicators - Zandi highlights a significant decrease in U.S. residential building permits as a critical signal of impending economic recession, with current permit approvals nearing the lowest levels seen during the pandemic [1] - The ongoing weak demand from homebuyers and an increase in unsold homes have led builders to substantially reduce their development plans [1] Upcoming Data and Federal Reserve Actions - Zandi advises close attention to the upcoming August loan data to be released on September 17, coinciding with a Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting where a rate cut is widely anticipated [3] - He suggests that this data may provide the Federal Reserve with additional justification for a rate cut, although he expresses skepticism about the effectiveness of such measures in preventing a recession [3] Overall Economic Outlook - Zandi has repeatedly warned of economic risks, stating that while the probability of recession has not exceeded 50%, the current risk level is historically high and warrants caution [5] - A combination of factors, including a slowdown in the real estate market, tightening credit conditions, and weakened consumer demand, poses a threat to a soft landing for the economy [5] - The effectiveness of potential monetary policy adjustments in countering the current downward pressures remains uncertain, with market participants and economists closely monitoring forthcoming data releases to assess the true trajectory of the U.S. economy [5]

预计美联储将降息25个基点，目标是到明年3月将利率从目前的4.5%上限降至3.25%。此外，零售销售 数据预计将因消费者信心低迷和汽车销售下滑而受阻，工业生产也可能再次萎缩，这些都印证了经济放 缓的趋势。 大西洋彼岸的英国，英格兰银行（BoE）在周四的会议上预计将维持利率不变。鉴于英国央行倾向于每 季度降息一次，且已在8月实施降息，本次会议降息的可能性微乎其微。然而，市场将密切关注其前瞻 性指引，以寻找进一步宽松的线索。就业市场是英国央行面临的一个不确定因素，尽管近期调查有所改 善，但秋季的就业数据仍是关键风险，尤其需要确认薪资增长是否正在放缓。 下周，全球金融市场的目光将再次聚焦于各国央行的利率决策会议，一场影响深远的货币政策调整浪潮 即将展开。美联储和加拿大央行预计将分别降息25个基点，而英国央行则可能选择按兵不动，但任何关 于未来宽松政策的暗示都将受到密切关注。 此外，多个国家重要的经济数据，如通胀、就业和工业产出报告，也将陆续发布，为市场提供判断未来 政策走向的关键线索。 在发达市场中，美国美联储的周三会议无疑是重中之重。尽管通胀依然高企，但美国的就业数据却持续 恶化，过去四个月就业增长有限，甚至有数 ...

来源：暴走的大探 9月11日，欧洲央行行长拉加德，德国法兰克福欧洲央行总部：维持利率在 2%不变。道。 "我们继续处于良好状态。" 通胀率"达到了我们希望的水平"，国内经济稳健，而且在美国达成一系列关税协议后，全球贸易的不确 定性有所缓解。 "但我们并没有走上预先确定的道路。" ====== 欧洲央行维持利率不变 ======= 既然讲了美国，再讲讲欧洲吧。 通胀也不光是美国。 ======= 预测还显示，核心通胀率预计为 1.8%，均低于欧洲央行 2% 的目标。 ——这个预测说明欧洲经济明年有风险呐~~~~衰退。 因为关税冲击嘛。 这不两大发动机，德国肯定衰退，法国债务危机吗。 欧元区8月CPI同比上涨2.1%，高于7月份的2.0%，符合经济学家预期。剔除能源和食品等波动性项目的 核心通胀率则稳定在2.3%。 ——温和通胀是2.0%，核心通胀率也是在2%左右最好，能实现充分就业。 所以欧元区其实已经完成"抗通胀"任务了。 所以拉加德说"达到了我们希望的水平"。 美国还没达到。 ====== 不过，"没有走上预先确定的道路"，是说也没那么好。 最新预测显示，欧元区2027 年通胀率预计为 1.9%，低于 6 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Central Bank of Turkey has unexpectedly lowered its benchmark interest rate from 43% to 40.5%, a reduction of 250 basis points, which exceeds market expectations of a 200 basis point cut [1][2]. Group 1: Interest Rate Changes - The Central Bank of Turkey's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) announced a significant interest rate cut, reducing the overnight rate by the same margin of 250 basis points [1][2]. - The decision to lower rates was influenced by recent economic data indicating that demand conditions are favorable for inflation, despite ongoing inflationary pressures from food prices and services [2][3]. Group 2: Economic Context - Turkey's second-quarter economic growth surpassed expectations, but domestic demand remains weak, contributing to inflationary pressures [2]. - The annual inflation rate in Turkey was reported at nearly 33% in August, with a monthly increase exceeding 2%, which was higher than market expectations [3]. Group 3: Future Monetary Policy Outlook - The Central Bank indicated that future adjustments to the policy rate will be based on inflation forecasts and will be approached cautiously through successive meetings [3]. - If inflation deviates significantly from medium-term targets, the Central Bank is prepared to tighten monetary policy [3]. - The Central Bank aims to create monetary and financial conditions that will allow inflation to reach a target of 5% in the medium term [3].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) employment data has faced increasing scrutiny for systematic overestimation, leading to significant downward revisions that impact market perceptions and monetary policy decisions [1][3][4]. Group 1: Employment Data Issues - The BLS employment data often appears strong upon initial release but is frequently revised downward in subsequent months, raising concerns about the accuracy of the reported figures [1][3]. - Statistical biases, such as the "birth-death adjustment" model, contribute to the overestimation of employment figures, as it assumes a consistent influx of new businesses that may not reflect reality [1][3]. - Alternative data sources like the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) and Business Employment Dynamics (BED) provide more reliable employment figures, indicating that BLS has overestimated job growth by approximately 800,000 positions in 2023 [1][3]. Group 2: Market and Monetary Policy Implications - A significant downward revision of 818,000 jobs in August 2024 marked the largest adjustment in nearly a decade, influencing Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell's decision to cut interest rates by 50 basis points [3][4]. - The anticipated further downward revision of 550,000 jobs in September 2025 could lead to a more aggressive monetary policy response, potentially increasing the expected rate cut from 25 to 50 basis points [4][6]. - The ongoing adjustments to employment data highlight the need for the Federal Reserve to acknowledge economic slowdown, which may accelerate the pace of monetary easing [4][6]. Group 3: Political and Economic Context - The political implications of interest rate cuts are significant, especially in an election year, as they can temporarily boost stock markets and consumer confidence, benefiting the ruling party [6]. - The perception of the Federal Reserve's independence is challenged by the timing of monetary policy decisions in relation to employment data revisions, raising concerns about potential political influences [6]. - The persistent overestimation of employment data is not an isolated incident but reflects a structural bias in statistical methods, necessitating a more cautious approach from investors who should consider administrative data and market signals for economic assessments [6].

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is expected to initiate a rate cut in September, with futures markets indicating an over 85% probability of a 25 basis point reduction [1][3] - Multiple Federal Reserve officials have signaled the imminent start of a rate-cutting cycle, with notable support from Governor Waller and New York Fed President Williams [3] - Fed Chair Powell's remarks at the Jackson Hole conference highlighted concerns over a weakening labor market, suggesting a need for policy adjustment despite ongoing inflation risks [3] Group 2 - The current U.S. administration has exerted significant political pressure on the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates, with the President publicly criticizing rate policies [4] - Internal divisions within the Federal Reserve have emerged, with two board members appointed by the current President advocating for immediate rate cuts [4] - A recent personnel change at the Federal Reserve, with the dismissal of a sitting board member and the nomination of a rate-cut supporter, could further influence monetary policy direction [4] Group 3 - Economic data indicates a weakening labor market, with July non-farm payrolls dropping to 73,000 and labor force participation rate falling to 62.2%, prompting a shift in the Fed's policy stance [5] - Despite the labor market slowdown, inflation pressures remain, with July CPI rising 2.7% year-over-year and PPI increasing 3.3%, presenting a challenge for the Fed to balance between addressing unemployment and inflation risks [5]

Core Viewpoint - A "bond transfer wave" is occurring as foreign investors reduce their holdings in Chinese bonds and shift towards US Treasury bonds, driven by changing monetary policies and market conditions [1][3][5]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - The US Federal Reserve has shifted its monetary policy direction, leading to a series of interest rate hikes, which has created uncertainty in the market [3][5]. - In contrast, China is implementing a 0.25% reserve requirement ratio cut, indicating a different monetary approach aimed at stimulating the economy [3][5]. Group 2: Investor Behavior - Foreign investors may be reacting to short-term interest rate differentials rather than a long-term confidence in US Treasuries, suggesting a focus on immediate returns [5][7]. - The recent data showing a reduction of over $500 billion in the balances of three major US banks reflects market concerns regarding the future value of US Treasuries and underlying economic issues [5][7]. Group 3: Long-term Outlook - Despite short-term fluctuations, the long-term value of Chinese bonds remains significant due to the country's robust economic foundation and growth potential [7]. - The belief is that patient investors will recognize the inherent value in Chinese bonds, as the country continues to navigate global financial changes with its unique development strategy [7].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given documents 2. Core Views of the Report - **Macro**: Overseas, the US dollar index rose and then fell, the 10Y US Treasury yield declined, US stocks opened lower and closed higher, gold and oil prices closed up, and copper prices weakened. Domestically, A - shares fell on high - volume trading, and the stock market's risk may be approaching its peak. The bond market is expected to start to recover [2]. - **Precious Metals**: The independence of the Fed is under threat, increasing the market's risk appetite and boosting precious metal prices. Short - term precious metal prices are expected to be volatile and strong [3]. - **Copper**: LME copper inventories increased, and copper prices are expected to remain high and volatile in the short term due to factors such as policy independence concerns, economic situation, and supply - demand fundamentals [4][5][6]. - **Aluminum**: The market is waiting for US economic data and concerned about the Fed's independence. Aluminum prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term as downstream replenishment意愿 decreases [7]. - **Alumina**: Supply pressure is increasing, and alumina prices are expected to be volatile and weak [8]. - **Zinc**: Market risk aversion has increased, and zinc prices have moved down. Supply pressure will be alleviated, but consumption has not improved significantly, and zinc prices are expected to have limited downward adjustment space [9]. - **Lead**: Supply pressure is expected to decrease, but consumption in the peak season has not materialized, so the upward space for lead prices is limited [10][11]. - **Tin**: The low inventory of LME tin and slow supply recovery support prices, but limited capital enthusiasm restricts the upward height of tin prices [12]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: There are both long and short factors, and lithium prices are expected to fluctuate [13]. - **Steel (Screw and Coil)**: Demand is in the off - season, and supply is reduced. Steel prices are expected to be volatile and weak [14]. - **Iron Ore**: Demand is decreasing due to steel mill maintenance, and supply is stable. Iron ore prices are expected to be volatile [15]. - **Soybean and Rapeseed Meal**: The US soybean harvest is expected to be good, and there are positive expectations for the China - US agricultural product agreement. Short - term soybean and rapeseed meal prices are expected to fluctuate within a range [16][17]. - **Palm Oil**: There is limited driving force in the market, and palm oil prices are expected to be volatile and adjust [18]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Metal Main Varieties Trading Data - **Copper**: SHFE copper closed at 79190 yuan/ton with no change; LME copper closed at 9774 dollars/ton, down 0.74% [19]. - **Aluminum**: SHFE aluminum closed at 20810 yuan/ton, up 0.46%; LME aluminum closed at 2604 dollars/ton, down 1.31% [19]. - **Alumina**: SHFE alumina closed at 3046 yuan/ton, down 2.65% [8]. - **Zinc**: SHFE zinc closed at 22310 yuan/ton, up 0.18%; LME zinc closed at 2764 dollars/ton, down 1.53% [19]. - **Lead**: SHFE lead closed at 16890 yuan/ton, down 0.24%; LME lead closed at 1986 dollars/ton, down 0.08% [19]. - **Tin**: SHFE tin closed at 271790 yuan/ton, up 0.88%; LME tin closed at 34510 dollars/ton, up 1.11% [19]. - **Precious Metals**: COMEX gold futures rose 0.55% to 3451.80 dollars/ounce; COMEX silver futures rose 0.22% to 38.69 dollars/ounce [3]. 3.2 Industrial Data Perspective - **Copper**: On August 27, SHFE copper was unchanged at 79190 yuan/ton, LME copper fell 73 dollars to 9773.5 dollars/ton. LME copper inventory increased by 1100 tons to 156100 tons [21]. - **Nickel**: SHFE nickel rose 1390 yuan to 121760 yuan/ton, LME nickel fell 90 dollars to 15190 dollars/ton. LME nickel inventory increased by 72 tons to 209220 tons [21]. - **Zinc**: SHFE zinc rose 40 yuan to 22310 yuan/ton, LME zinc fell 43 dollars to 2764 dollars/ton. LME zinc inventory decreased by 5500 tons to 60025 tons [23]. - **Lead**: SHFE lead fell 40 yuan to 16890 yuan/ton, LME lead fell 1.5 dollars to 1985.5 dollars/ton. LME lead inventory decreased by 4075 tons to 267475 tons [23]. - **Aluminum**: SHFE aluminum rose 90 yuan to 20760 yuan/ton, LME aluminum fell 34.5 dollars to 2604 dollars/ton. LME aluminum inventory increased by 3175 tons to 481250 tons [23]. - **Alumina**: SHFE alumina fell 23 yuan to 3046 yuan/ton, and the national average spot price of alumina fell 9 yuan to 3237 yuan/ton [23]. - **Tin**: SHFE tin rose 2030 yuan to 271790 yuan/ton, LME tin rose 380 dollars to 34510 dollars/ton. LME tin inventory increased by 145 tons to 1925 tons [23]. - **Precious Metals**: There was little change in the prices of SHFE and COMEX gold and silver on August 27 compared with August 26 [23].

Group 1: Federal Reserve and Economic Outlook - Pimco's global economic advisor, Richard Clarida, indicates that the Federal Reserve is likely to cautiously lower policy rates soon, reaffirming its commitment to its dual mandate while making only minor clarifications to its monetary policy framework [1] - Barclays and BNP Paribas predict a 25 basis point rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September, citing a shift in Powell's stance on employment market risks [2] - Moody's chief economist, Mark Zandi, warns of increasing economic downturn risks in the U.S., with a 49% probability of recession within the next year [2] Group 2: Bond Market Predictions - Citigroup maintains its forecast for the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield to reach 4.10% by year-end, while adjusting other benchmarks to align with expectations for a steeper curve and lower policy rates [2] - The new basic predictions for U.S. Treasury yields include 3.50% for the 2-year, 3.65% for the 5-year, and 4.70% for the 30-year [2] Group 3: International Monetary Policy - The Bank of Korea is expected to keep interest rates unchanged in its upcoming meeting, with a majority of economists predicting no adjustment [3] - eToro analysts suggest that Singapore's Monetary Authority may ease monetary policy following July's CPI data indicating cooling inflation [3]

Group 1: Report Summary - The State Council Executive Meeting on August 22 emphasized comprehensive measures to release domestic demand potential, and the central bank increased the volume of MLF renewals, with a net injection of 300 billion yuan in August. The bond market continued to face pressure, but short - term bonds showed signs of recovery. The convertible bond market followed the stock market's upward trend [1]. Group 2: Bond Market News Domestic News - The State Council Executive Meeting on August 22 aimed to better promote domestic demand through large - scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade - in policies, and emphasized cracking down on subsidy fraud [3]. - The China Securities Regulatory Commission released the "Regulations on the Classification Evaluation of Securities Companies" on August 22, aiming to promote the function of securities companies and strengthen investor protection [4]. - The central bank announced on August 22 that it would conduct 600 billion yuan of MLF operations on August 25, with a net injection of 300 billion yuan in August, marking six consecutive months of increased volume renewals [4]. - The central bank and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange solicited opinions on the "Regulations on the Administration of the Inter - bank Foreign Exchange Market (Draft for Comment)" on August 22, allowing the provision of inter - bank foreign exchange market data services on a commercial basis [5]. - Personal consumer loan subsidy policies will be launched on September 1, which is expected to boost the consumer finance industry [6]. International News - On August 22, Fed Chairman Powell suggested at the Jackson Hole central bank symposium that the rising downside risks to employment may require interest rate cuts [7]. Commodities - On August 22, WTI October crude futures rose 0.22% to $63.66 per barrel, and Brent October crude futures rose 0.09% to $67.73 per barrel. COMEX gold futures rose 1.05% to $3417.00 per ounce, while NYMEX natural gas prices fell 4.10% to $2.692 per ounce [8]. Group 3: Capital Market Conditions Open - Market Operations - On August 22, the central bank conducted 361.2 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net injection of 123.2 billion yuan after deducting the maturity amount [9]. Capital Interest Rates - On August 22, with continuous net injections from the central bank, the capital market returned to a loose state, and major repurchase interest rates declined. For example, DR001 dropped 5.17bp to 1.412%, and DR007 dropped 4.71bp to 1.467% [10]. Group 4: Bond Market Dynamics Interest - Rate Bonds - On August 22, the strong stock market and weak primary bond issuance pressured the bond market, but the announcement of 600 billion yuan of MLF operations at the end of the session led to a recovery in short - term bonds. By 20:00, the yield of the 10 - year treasury bond active bond 250011 rose 2.40bp to 1.7850%, and the yield of the 10 - year CDB bond active bond 250210 rose 2.30bp to 1.8760% [13]. - Bond issuance information includes details such as the issuance scale, winning bid yield, and multiple of special funds for various bonds [15]. Credit Bonds - On August 22, most industrial bonds' trading prices were relatively stable, with 2 bonds having a trading price deviation of over 10%. "H9 Longkong 01" fell over 23%, and "15 Zhongchengjian MTN001" rose over 55900% [16]. - Multiple companies announced credit - related events, including bond payment issues, financial losses, regulatory penalties, and account freezes [19]. Convertible Bonds - On August 22, the A - share market rose, with the Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, and ChiNext Index rising 1.45%, 2.07%, and 3.36% respectively. The convertible bond market also rose, with the CSI Convertible Bond, Shanghai Convertible Bond, and Shenzhen Convertible Bond indexes rising 0.95%, 1.05%, and 0.81% respectively [20]. - Some convertible bonds announced events such as proposed downward revisions of conversion prices, non - downward revisions, and early redemptions [25]. Overseas Bond Markets - On August 22, yields of US Treasury bonds across various maturities generally declined. The 2 - year yield dropped 11bp to 3.68%, and the 10 - year yield dropped 7bp to 4.26%. The 2/10 - year yield spread widened by 4bp to 58bp, and the 5/30 - year yield spread widened by 6bp to 112bp [26][27]. - On August 22, yields of 10 - year government bonds in major European economies generally declined. For example, the German 10 - year yield dropped 3bp to 2.72% [29]. - The daily price changes of Chinese - funded US - dollar bonds as of the close on August 22 showed varying degrees of increase and decrease for different bonds [31].