【环球时报特约记者 甄翔】美国总统特朗普周一宣布，从11月1日起对所有进口中型及重型卡车征收 25%的关税。早在上月底，特朗普就表示，美国将对进口重型卡车征收新的关税，征税理由是"国家安 全"。他还称，关税有助于保护美国本土卡车厂商免受"不公平的外部竞争"影响。 路透社7日报道称，特朗普一直宣称要保护美国企业免受外部竞争影响，卡车关税则是其所谓保护举措 的又一重大升级。不过，对特朗普的关税保护，美国业界非但不领情，还明确反对。美国商会此前曾敦 促美国商务部切勿征收卡车关税，并提醒特朗普政府：美国卡车主要五大进口来源国依次为墨西哥、加 拿大、日本、德国和芬兰，这些国家均为美国盟友或关系密切的伙伴。 路透社报道称，2019年至今，美国从墨西哥进口的中重型卡车数量增长了两倍。去年美国从墨西哥进口 的重型车辆部件总值近1280亿美元，约占该品类进口总额的28%。 路透社称，沃尔沃已投资7亿美元在墨西哥建设一座重卡工厂，该厂预计于2026年开始运营。美国本土 品牌克莱斯勒的母公司Stellantis集团也会受影响，该集团在墨西哥生产重卡，且此前一直游说白宫，试 图让其在墨西哥生产的卡车获得免税待遇。 外媒还关注到，美国 ...

【导读】特朗普再次抨击鲍威尔，称其不适合担任美联储主席 7月31日，美联储公布7月份货币政策会议决议，将联邦基金利率目标区间维持在4.25%至4.50%之间不 变。 尽管美国总统特朗普此前多次公开呼吁美联储大幅降息，甚至威胁要解雇美联储主席鲍威尔，但这些行 动均未奏效。本次利率决议结果符合市场预期，美联储连续第五次"按兵不动"。 特朗普在社交媒体上表示："'太迟先生'杰罗姆·鲍威尔又是老样子！他行动太迟了，而且实际上，他太 愤怒、太愚蠢、太政治化了。" 特朗普称，鲍威尔根本不适合担任美联储主席一职，他正在让国家损失数万亿美元。 特朗普再次提到美联储大楼翻新事件，他说鲍威尔进行着建筑史上最错误、最腐败的建筑翻新。"换句 话说，'太迟先生'是一个彻头彻尾的失败者，我们的国家正在为此付出代价！" 美联储主席鲍威尔在本周三的会议上宣布维持利率不变，并暗示9月份降息的可能性还很低。 CME"美联储观察"数据显示，美联储9月维持利率不变的概率达60.8%，降息25个基点的概率为39.2%； 美联储10月维持利率不变的概率为37.5%，累计降息25个基点的概率为47.5%，累计降息50个基点的概 率为15%。 对于美联储未 ...

Core Viewpoint - The statement emphasizes the critical role of tariffs in protecting the nation's economy, suggesting that without such measures, the country faces dire consequences for survival and success [1] Group 1 - The assertion that tariffs are essential for national protection indicates a strong stance on trade policy [1] - The phrase "we will die" underscores the urgency and seriousness of the economic situation as perceived by the administration [1] - The comment reflects a broader narrative around economic nationalism and the prioritization of domestic industries [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the historical context and implications of major trade wars in the U.S., emphasizing their impact on global economic governance and the restructuring of international relations, particularly in the context of the current U.S.-China trade friction [2]. Group 1: Historical Trade Wars - The McKinley Tariff (1890-1900) raised average import tariffs to a historical high of 49.5%, leading to retaliatory tariffs from other countries and ultimately a trade war [4][7]. - The Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930-1934) significantly increased tariffs on over 20,000 goods, raising the average tariff from 40.1% in 1929 to 59.1% in 1932, which exacerbated the Great Depression and led to a 65% drop in global trade from 1929 to 1934 [8][11]. - The U.S.-Japan trade conflict (1970-1985) involved the U.S. imposing tariffs and quotas on Japanese products, which resulted in a significant depreciation of the dollar and a 48% drop in the S&P 500 index from 1973 to 1974 [13][14][15]. Group 2: Economic and Political Impacts - The McKinley Tariff fostered the growth of American industrial capitalism but also increased social inequality and agricultural distress, leading to heightened social tensions [7]. - The Smoot-Hawley Tariff deepened the Great Depression, with U.S. GDP falling by 26.5% and unemployment soaring to 24.9%, while also ending the gold standard as countries devalued their currencies to boost export competitiveness [11]. - The U.S.-Japan trade conflict highlighted the ineffectiveness of U.S. industrial protection measures, ultimately leading to structural economic issues and the "lost decade" for Japan due to the financial bubble burst [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that the country can utilize tariffs as a tool to protect itself from the influence of other nations, which is considered a significant victory for the U.S. [1] Summary by Relevant Categories Legal and Regulatory - The ruling by the federal appeals court allows the U.S. to impose tariffs, reinforcing the government's ability to safeguard its economic interests [1] Economic Implications - This decision is viewed as a major and important victory for the U.S., potentially impacting trade relations and economic strategies moving forward [1]

Group 1 - The article argues that extreme tariff measures by the U.S. will ultimately harm both the U.S. and its trading partners, as supported by historical and empirical evidence [1][7] - Historical economists, from Bastiat to List, have emphasized the importance of moderate tariffs and free trade for economic development, indicating that excessive tariffs can weaken domestic production capacity [1][2] - A study by French economist Philippe Aghion and others found that tariffs do not correlate positively with total factor productivity, while fiscal subsidies and tax incentives do [2][3] Group 2 - The article highlights that prior to joining the WTO, high tariffs on imported cars did not lead to a strong domestic automotive industry in China, demonstrating that tariff protection does not foster industrial progress [3][4] - Post-WTO accession, China has gradually reduced its average tariff rate to 7.3% by 2023, indicating a shift towards lower trade barriers [4] - The development of industries in Shenzhen, such as mobile phones and renewable energy vehicles, is attributed to market competition rather than tariff protection [5][6]

Group 1 - The new tariff policy by the U.S. government is seen as "devastating" by Ford's CEO, potentially creating a significant crisis in the American automotive industry [1] - The North American automotive supply chain is deeply integrated, with parts often crossing borders multiple times, making tariffs disruptive and increasing vehicle prices [2][4] - The American Automotive Research Center reports that the percentage of consumers unable to afford new cars has risen from 20% to 40% over the past decade due to rising vehicle prices [3] Group 2 - The U.S. automotive production has been declining, with only 1.7 million vehicles produced last year compared to over 4 million in 2014, influenced by rising costs and international competition [4] - The imposition of tariffs on steel and aluminum is expected to increase the cost of American-made vehicles by approximately $1,500, further exacerbating price increases [4] - The uncertainty surrounding tariff policies is causing automotive companies to delay investment and production decisions, potentially leading to a disconnect between the U.S. market and global markets [6] Group 3 - Canadian automotive parts manufacturers warn that the tariff conflict could push the North American automotive industry to the brink of collapse, affecting timely parts delivery and production [5] - Companies are developing contingency plans in response to tariff uncertainties, with some considering relocating factories if tariffs persist [5][6] - The ongoing trade protectionism in the U.S. may lead to long-term consequences, as manufacturers might abandon the U.S. market if faced with high tariffs and low sales [6]